# A sample article

Maria Physicist

23 Oct 1999
SR converted from LaTeX
Simulation of Energy Loss Straggling
Maria Physicist
January 17, 1999

This text should be read with a pinch of salt

Introduction

Due to the statistical nature of ionisation energy loss, large fluctuations can occur in the amount of energy deposited by a particle traversing an absorber element. Continuous processes such as multiple scattering and energy loss play a relevant role in the longitudinal and lateral development of electromagnetic and hadronic showers, and in the case of sampling calorimeters the measured resolution can be significantly affected by such fluctuations in their active layers. The description of ionisation fluctuations is characterised by the significance parameter RMSD = 1 M &Sum; i m i &Verbar; r i , 1 - r i , 2 &Verbar; 2