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# SSL revisited

Four years ago, I wrote a rant about why Varnish has no SSL support (Why no SSL ?) and the upcoming 4.1 release is good excuse to revisit that issue.

## A SSL/TLS library

In 2011 I criticized OpenSSL’s source-code as being a nightmare, and as much as I Hate To Say I Told You So, I Told You So: See also “HeartBleed”.

The good news is that HeartBleed made people realize that FOSS maintainers also have mortgages and hungry kids.

Various initiatives have been launched to make prevent critical infrastructure software from being maintained Sunday evening between 11 and 12PM by a sleep-deprived and overworked parent, worried about about being able to pay the bills come the next month.

We’re not there yet, but it’s certainly getting better.

However, implementing TLS and SSL is still insanely complex, and thanks to Edward Snowden’s whistle-blowing, we have very good reasons to believe that didn’t happen by accident.

The issue of finding a good TLS/SSL implementation is still the same and I still don’t see one I would want my name associated with.

OpenBSD’s LibreSSL is certainly a step in a right direction, but time will show if it is viable in the long run – they do have a tendency to be – “SQUIRREL!!” – distracted.

## Handling Certificates

I still don’t see a way to do that. The Varnish worker-process is not built to compartmentalize bits at a cryptographic level and making it do that would be a non-trivial undertaking.

But there is new loop-hole here. One night, waiting for my flight home in Oslo airport, I went though the entire TLS/SSL handshake process to see if there were anything one could do, and I realized that you can actually terminate TLS/SSL without holding the certificate, provided you can ask some process which does to do a tiny bit of work.

The next morning CloudFlare announced the very same thing:

This could conceivably be a way to terminate TLS/SSL in the Varnish-worker process, while keeping the most valuable crypto-bits away from it.

## But it’s still a bad idea

As I write this, the news that apps with 350 million downloads in total are (still) vulnerable to some SSL/TLS Man-In-The-Middle attack is doing the rounds.

Code is hard, crypto code is double-plus-hard, if not double-squared-hard, and the world really don’t need another piece of code that does an half-assed job at cryptography.

If I, or somebody else, were to implement SSL/TLS in Varnish, it would talk at least half a year to bring the code to a point where I would be willing to show it to the world.

Until I get my time-machine working, that half year would be taken away of other Varnish development, so the result had better be worth it: If it isn’t, we have just increased the total attack-surface and bug-probability for no better reason than “me too!”.

When I look at something like Willy Tarreau’s HAProxy I have a hard time to see any significant opportunity for improvement.

## Conclusion

No, Varnish still won’t add SSL/TLS support.

Instead in Varnish 4.1 we have added support for Willys PROXY protocol which makes it possible to communicate the extra details from a SSL-terminating proxy, such as HAProxy, to Varnish.

From a security point of view, this is also much better solution than having SSL/TLS integrated in Varnish.

When (not if!) the SSL/TLS proxy you picked is compromised by a possibly planted software bug, you can pick another one to replace it, without loosing all the benefits of Varnish.

That idea is called the “Software Tools Principle”, it’s a very old idea, but it is still one of the best we have.

## Political PostScript

I realize that the above is a pretty strange stance to take in the current “SSL Everywhere” political climate.

I’m not too thrilled about the “SSL Everywhere” idea, for a large number of reasons.

The most obvious example is that you don’t want to bog down your country’s civil defence agency with SSL/TLS protocol negotiations, if their website is being deluged by people trying to survive a natural disaster.

The next big issue is that there are people who do not have a right to privacy. In many countries this includes children, prisoners, stock-traders, flight-controllers, first responders and so on.

SSL Everywhere will force institutions to either block any internet connectivity or impose Man-in-The-Middle proxies to comply with legal requirements of logging and inspection. A clear step in the wrong direction in my view.

But one of the biggest problem I have with SSL Everywhere is that it gives privacy to the actors I think deserve it the least.

Again and again shady behaviour of big transnational, and therefore law-less, companies have been exposed by security researchers (or just interested lay-people) who ran tcpdump. snort or similar traffic capture programs and saw what went on.

Remember all the different kind of “magic cookies” used to track users across the web, against their wish and against laws and regulations ?

Pretty much all of those were exposed with trivial packet traces.

With SSL Everywhere, these actors get much more privacy to invade the privacy of every human being with an internet connection, because it takes a lot more skill to look into a SSL connection than a plaintext HTTP connection.

“Sunshine is said to be the best of disinfectants” wrote supreme court justice Brandeis, SSL Everywhere puts all traffic in the shade.

Poul-Henning, 2015-04-28