# Apache Tomcat 7

Version 7.0.68, Feb 18 2016

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- 1) Introduction
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- 7) Security Manager
- 8) JNDI Resources
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- 10) Classloading
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- 13) SSI
- 14) CGI
- 15) Proxy Support
- 16) MBean Descriptor
- 17) Default Servlet
- 18) Clustering
- 19) Load Balancer
- 20) Connectors
- 21) Monitoring and Management
- 22) Logging
- 23) APR/Native
- 24) Virtual Hosting
- 25) Advanced IO
- 26) Additional Components
- 27) Mavenized
- 28) Security Considerations
- 29) Windows Service
- 30) Windows Authentication
- 31) Tomcat's JDBC Pool
- 32) WebSocket

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Apache Tomcat Development

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# Building Tomcat

Table of Contents

> - Introduction
> - Download Java Development Kit (JDK) versions 6 and 7
> - Install Apache Ant 1.8.2 or later
> - Checkout or obtain the source code for Tomcat 7.0
> - Configure download area
> - Building Tomcat
> - Building with Eclipse
> - Building with other IDEs

Introduction

> Building Apache Tomcat from source is very easy, and is the first step to contributing to Tomcat. The complete and comprehensive instructions are provided in the file BUILDING.txt. The following is a quick step by step guide.

Download Java Development Kit (JDK) versions 6 and 7

> Building Apache Tomcat requires a Java 6 JDK to be installed and optionally a Java 7 JDK installed in parallel with Java 6 one. The Java 7 JDK is only required if you wish to build Tomcat with JSR-356 (Java WebSocket 1.1) support.

> You can download JDKs from Oracle
> http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
> or from another JDK vendor.

> IMPORTANT: Set an environment variable JAVA_HOME to the pathname of the directory into which you installed the Java 6 JDK. The path to Java 7 JDK is configured in `build.properties` file (see below).

Install Apache Ant 1.8.2 or later

> Download a binary distribution of Ant 1.8.2 or later from here.

> Unpack the binary distribution into a convenient location so that the Ant release resides in its own directory (conventionally named `apache-ant-1.8.x`). For the remainder of this guide, the symbolic name `${ant.home}` is used to refer to the full pathname of the Ant installation directory.

> IMPORTANT: Create an ANT_HOME environment variable to point the directory `${ant.home}`, and modify the PATH environment variable to include directory `${ant.home}/bin` in its list. This makes the `ant` command line script available, which will be used to actually perform the build.

Checkout or obtain the source code for Tomcat 7.0

> Tomcat 7.0 SVN repository URL: http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/tomcat/tc7.0.x/trunk/

> Tomcat source packages: http://tomcat.apache.org/download-70.cgi.

> Checkout the source using SVN, selecting a tag for released version or trunk for the current development code, or download and unpack a source package. For the remainder of this guide, the symbolic name `${tomcat.source}` is used to refer to the location where the source has been placed.

Configure download area

> Building Tomcat involves downloading a number of libraries that it depends on. It is strongly recommended to configure download area for those libraries.

> By default the build is configured to download dependencies into directory `/usr/share/java`. On a typical Linux or MacOX system, an ordinary user will not have access to write to this directory, and, even if you do, it is likely not appropriate for you to write there. On Windows this usually corresponds to the `C:\usr\share\java` directory, unless Cygwin is used.

> The build is controlled by creating a `${tomcat.source}/build.properties` file. It can be used to redefine any property that is present in `build.properties.default` and `build.xml` files. The `build.properties` file does not exist by default. You have to create it.

> The download area is defined by property `base.path`. For example:

>     # ----- Default Base Path for Dependent Packages -----
>     # Replace this path with the directory path where
>     # dependencies binaries should be downloaded.
>     base.path=/home/me/some-place-to-download-to

> Different versions of Tomcat are allowed to share the same download area.

> Another example:

>     base.path=${user.dir}/../libraries-tomcat7.0

> Users who access the Internet through a proxy must use the properties file to indicate to Ant the proxy configuration:

>     # ----- Proxy setup -----
>     proxy.host=proxy.domain
>     proxy.port=8080
>     proxy.use=on

Building Tomcat

> If you have installed a Java 7 JDK and wish to build Tomcat with JSR-356 (Java WebSocket 1.1) support, set `java.7.home` property in file `${tomcat.source}/build.properties` to the location of the Java 7 JDK installation.

> An example, using 32-bit JDK on a 64-bit Windows system:

>     # Location of Java 7 JDK
>     java.7.home=C:/Program Files (x86)/Java/jdk1.7.0_72

> Use the following commands to build Tomcat:

> `cd ${tomcat.source}`
> `ant`

> Once the build has completed successfully, a usable Tomcat installation will have been produced in the `${tomcat.source}/output/build` directory, and can be started and stopped with the usual scripts.

Building with Eclipse

> IMPORTANT: This is not a supported means of building Tomcat; this information is provided without warranty :-). The only supported means of building Tomcat is with the Ant build described above. However, some developers like to work on Java code with a Java IDE, and the following steps have been used by some developers.

> NOTE: This will not let you build everything under Eclipse; the build process requires use of Ant for the many stages that aren't simple Java compilations. However, it will allow you to view and edit the Java code, get warnings, reformat code, perform refactorings, run Tomcat under the IDE, and so on.

> WARNING: Do not forget to create and configure `${tomcat.source}/build.properties` file as described above before running any Ant targets.

> Sample Eclipse project files and launch targets are provided in the `res/ide-support/eclipse` directory of the source tree. The instructions below will automatically copy these into the required locations.

> Two Ant targets are provided as a convenience. The first one, named ide-eclipse, downloads all binary dependencies and configures Eclipse project in the root of the source tree. The created Eclipse project targets a Java 6 JDK and skips WebSocket classes that cannot be compiled with Java 6.

> The second target, named ide-eclipse-websocket, creates directory `../tomcat-7.0.x-java7` and configures the second Eclipse project there. This project targets a Java 7 JDK. This project does not have its own source tree, but accesses a subset of the source tree of the first project, compiling all WebSocket classes that were skipped.

> `cd ${tomcat.source}`
> `ant ide-eclipse`
> `ant ide-eclipse-websocket`

> Start Eclipse and create a new Workspace.

> Open the Preferences dialog and then select Java->Build Path->Classpath Variables to add two new Classpath Variables:

> TOMCAT_LIBS_BASE | The same location as the `base.path` setting in `build.properties`, where the binary dependencies have been downloaded
> ANT_HOME | the base path of Ant 1.8.2 or later

> In the Preferences dialog go to Java->Installed JREs and add JDK 6 and JDK 7 there. Close the dialog.

> Use File->Import command from menu and choose Existing Projects into Workspace. From there choose the root directory of the Tomcat source tree (`${tomcat.source}`) and import the project located there. Import the second project as well, if you have created it (`../tomcat-7.0.x-java7`).

> `start-tomcat` and `stop-tomcat` launch configurations are provided in `res/ide-support/eclipse` and will be available in the Run->Run Configurations dialog. Use these to start and stop Tomcat from Eclipse. If you want to configure these yourself (or are using a different IDE) then use `org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap` as the main class, `start`/`stop` etc. as program arguments, and specify `-Dcatalina.home=...` (with the name of your build directory) as VM arguments.

> Tweaking a few formatting preferences will make it much easier to keep consistent with Tomcat coding conventions (and have your contributions accepted):

> Java -> Code Style -> Formatter -> Edit... | Tab policy: Spaces only Tab and Indentation size: 4
> General -> Editors -> Text Editors | Displayed tab width: 2 Insert spaces for tabs Show whitespace characters (optional)
> XML -> XML Files -> Editor | Indent using spaces Indentation size: 2
> Ant -> Editor -> Formatter | Tab size: 2 Use tab character instead of spaces: unchecked

> The recommended configuration of Compiler Warnings is documented in `res/ide-support/eclipse/java-compiler-errors-warnings.txt` file.

Building with other IDEs

> The same general approach should work for most IDEs; it has been reported to work in IntelliJ IDEA, for example.

Comments

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