# 1.0 Document id

## 1.1 General

Copyright © 1996-2019 Jari Aalto

License: This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in GNU General Public License v2 or later; or, at your option, distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License version 1.2 or later (GNU FDL).

## 1.2 T2html program features

Writing text documents is different from writing messages to Usenet or to your fellow workers. There already exists several tools to convert email messages into HTML, like MHonArc, Email hyper archiver, but for regular text documents, like for memos, FAQs, help pages and for other papers, there wasn't any suitable HTML converter couple of years back. The author wanted a simple HTML tool which would read pure plain text documents, like guides, tips pages, documentation, book mark pages etc. and convert them into HTML. Here you will find the specification how to format your text documents for t2html.pl perl script text to HTML converter.

Few arguments, why plain text is the best source document format:

- It is readable by all, without any extra software
- Deliverable by email, as is.
- Most easily kept in version control
- Most easily patched ( when someone sends a diff -u ...)
- Most easily handed to someone else when author no longer maintain it. (If you have specialized tools, people need to learn them in order to maintain your FAQ.)

1.2.1 Overview of features:

- Requires Perl 5.004 or never
- 500K text document takes 70 seconds to convert to HTML.
- TF to Perl POD conversion may be in a future plan.
- Better linking of multiple files planned
- Configuration file for individual file options planned.

1.2.2 HTML conversion

- minimal mark up: rendering is based on indentation level. Written text document looks like a "Natural Document", and is suitable for reading as such.
- Text layout with indentation rules is called Technical Format (TF) and document must be formatted according to it before it is suitable for HTML generation.
- Rules are simple: place heading to the left and text at column 8.
- Program generates META tags for search engines.
- Colored html page: <EM> <STRONG> <PRE> ...
- Hyperlinks and email addresses are automatically detected. No mark up is needed.

1.2.3 HTML 4.01

- Make a single html (1 file) or Framed version (3 files)
- Sample CSS2 (Cascading Style Sheet) included in HTML code for document rendering. User can import his own CSS2.

1.2.4 Link check for the text file

- You need LWP module in order to use this feature. (Comes with latest Perl)
- Program has switches to run Link check on your text file to find out any broken or moved link. Currently you have to manually fix the links, nut an Emacs mode to do this automatically is planned. The output from Link check is standard grep style: *FILE:NBR:Error-Description*

1.2.5 Splitting the text file to pieces

- You can split very large document into pieces, e.g. according to top level headings and convert each piece to HTML. This is also handy if you're planning to print Slides for a class: Split on Headings to individual files: raise the font point and print each file separately.

## 1.3 How to convert text files into HTML?

The TF specification can be found from the Manual The command used to generate this page was:

          t2html.pl                                                     \
          --author           "Jari Aalto"                               \
          --title            "Conversion for text files"                \
          --html-body         LANG=en                                   \
          --Out                                                         \
          index.txt

## 1.4 Writing a text document

You need nothing else but a text editor where the current column number is displayed or editor can be configured to advance your TAB by 4 spaces. That's it. An Emacs minor mode (See package tinytf.el) can make the writing documents easy. The mode will help formatting paragraphs, filling bullets numbering headings and keeping TOC up to date.

## 1.5 Ripping program documentation

1.5.1 Documentation tools in programming languages

Perl is an exception within programmin languages, because it includes internal documentation syntax called POD (Plain Old Syntax), with which you can embed documentation right into the program source. Deriving the documentation from perl programs is a straightforward job. Another well known language (invented long after Perl) is Java, which calls the embedded documentation javadoc. fro all others, there is need to write separate documentation.

1.5.2 Other programming languages

But it is possible to embed documentation inside any programming language: directly into the code. A small Perl utility can be used to extract the documentation provided it was written in TF format. Documentation is put at the beginning of the file and updated there. Program `ripdoc.pl` extracts the documentation which follows TF guidelines. The idea is that you can generate HTML documents from the embedded 'TF pod'. The conversion goes like this:

          ripdoc.pl code.sh | t2html.pl > code.html
          ripdoc.pl code.el | t2html.pl > code.html
          ripdoc.pl code.cc | t2html.pl > code.html

Suitable for awk, shell, sh, ksh, C++, Java, Lisp, python, Tcl etc. programming languages. The only criteria is that the language supports one-comment-starter and that the documentation has been written by using it. Languages that have comment-start and comment-end, like C that has /* and */, are not suitable for ripdoc.pl.

# 2.0 Other converters

## 2.1 Postscript

- html2ps converter by Jan Karrman's jan@tdb.uu.se at http://www.tdb.uu.se/~jan/html2ps.html
- html to ps converter http://www.tdb.uu.se/~jan/html2ps.html
- html to ps converter by Charlie's Perl at http://www.antipope.org/charlie/webbook/essays/toolkit.html

## 2.2 Texinfo

- See page http://www.fido.de/kama/texinfo/texinfo-en.html where you can find C-program html2texinfo program
- Perl program html2texi.pl http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/mernst/software/#html2texi html2texi converts HTML documentation trees into Texinfo format. Texinfo format can be easily converted to Info format (for browsing in Emacs or the stand alone Info browser), to a printed manual, or to HTML. Thus, html2texi.pl permits conversion of HTML files to Info format, and secondarily enables producing printed versions of Web page hierarchies. Unlike HTML, Info format is searchable. Since Info is integrated into Emacs, one can read documentation without starting a separate Web browser. Additionally, Info browsers (including Emacs) contain convenient features missing from Web browsers, such as easy index lookup and mouse-free browsing.

## 2.3 Other text to HTML tools

- asciidoc Python program to convert text files. http://sourceforge.net/projects/asciidoc
- t2php Implementation in PHP language of the technical format. Visit http://rule-project.org/text/en/sw/t2php.txt
- Wiki, a simple text rule mark up. http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?TextFormattingRules
- Zope A Stuctured text, which seems to rely on indentation level as well. The tool has been written in Python language. See http://www.zope.org/Documentation/Articles/STX and http://www.zope.org/Members/millejoh/structuredText
- htmlpp by iMATIX's is at http://www.imatix.com/. This is like C-preprosessor where you have have complex and powerful text-markup commands. The base file for html generation is not easily text-readable.

  See also http://www.imatix.com/html/gslgen/index.htm GSLgen is a general-purpose file generator. It generates source code, data, or other files from an XML file and a schema file. The XML file defines a particular set of data. The schema file tells GSLgen what to do with that data

- No-TagsMarkup by Scott S. Lawton. Another interesting plain-text style, similar to TF, is at http://www.prefab.com/ssl/notagsmarkup.html . Compared to TF, this style needs more markup and lacks come of the advanced features like Frame/colour/CSS2 support.
- setext by Ian Feldman's, a simple text markup is available at setext@tidbits.com
- text2html.pl by Set Golub's Perl script is at http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~seth/txt2html/. This is a very good tool if you want to convert mail message into html quickly. Use it for ad hoc things.
- faq2text, A C-code (Unix) based text to HTML converter at http://www.fadden.com/dl-misc/#faq2html
- faq2html ftp://ftp.eyrie.org/pub/software/web/faq2html

## 2.4 Other Utilities

- DocBook - SGML online book
- Texi2html Perl script.
- HTML tidy remove extra markup.
- FTL Latex like Perl formatting
- Hyperlatex "Hyperlatex is a package that allows you to prepare documents in HTML, and, at the same time, to produce a neatly printed document from your input. Unlike some other systems that you may have seen, Hyperlatex is not a general LaTeX-to-HTML converter. In my eyes, conversion is not a solution to HTML authoring. A well written HTML document must differ from a printed copy in a number of rather subtle ways. I doubt that these differences can be recognized mechanically, and I believe that converted LaTeX can never be as readable as a document written in HTML. The basic idea of Hyperlatex is to make it possible to write a document that will look like a flawless LaTeX document when printed and like a handwritten HTML document when viewed with an HTML browser."

- html2texi "html2texi converts HTML documentation trees into Texinfo format. Texinfo format can be easily converted to Info format (for browsing in Emacs or the stand alone Info browser), to a printed manual, or to HTML. Thus, html2texi.pl permits conversion of HTML files to Info format, and secondarily enables producing printed versions of Web page hierarchies. Unlike HTML, Info format is searchable. Since Info is integrated into Emacs, one can read documentation without starting a separate Web browser. Additionally, Info browsers (including Emacs) contain convenient features missing from Web browsers, such as easy index lookup and mouse-free browsing."
- RTF in PC
- catdoc Viewing MS WORD files. Catdoc is simple, one C source file, compiles in any system (DOS; Unix). Feed MS word file to it and it gives 7bit text out of it.
- word2x Viewing MS WORD files.
- MSWordView "MSWordView is a program that can understand the microsofts word 8 binary file format (office97), it currently converts word into html, which can then be read with a browser."
- Laola Viewing MS WORD files. "Laola(perl) does a respectable job of taking MSWord files to text ...LAOLA is giving access to the raw document streams of any program using "structured storage" technology to save its documents. ELSER is dealing especially with these streams as they are present in Word 6 and Word 7 documents."

## 2.5 General Document Maintenance tools

- Faq maintainer toolset page is at following page: http://www.qucis.queensu.ca/FAQs/FAQaid/ It contains all the known tools to make you FAQ maintenance/posting/updating easier in any platform.

Html date: 2020-08-19 09:15