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## ⁠2.2. Generating Instrumentation for Other Computers

When users run a SystemTap script, SystemTap builds a kernel module out of that script. SystemTap then loads the module into the kernel, allowing it to extract the specified data directly from the kernel (refer to Procedure 3.1, “SystemTap Session” in Section 3.1, “Architecture” for more information).
Normally, however, SystemTap scripts can only be run on systems where SystemTap is deployed (as in Section 2.1, “Installation and Setup”). This could mean that if you want to run SystemTap on ten systems, you would need to deploy SystemTap on all those systems. In some cases, this may be neither feasible nor desired. For instance, corporate policy may prohibit an administrator from installing RPM packages that provide compilers or debug information on specific machines, and thus prevent the deployment of SystemTap. To work around this problem, SystemTap allows you to use cross-instrumentation.
Cross-instrumentation is the process of generating SystemTap instrumentation module from a SystemTap script on one computer to be used on another computer. This process offers the following benefits:

- The kernel information packages for various machines can be installed on a single host machine.
- Each target machine only needs one RPM package to be installed in order to use the generated SystemTap instrumentation module: the systemtap-runtime package.

For the sake of simplicity, the following terms are used throughout this section:

- Instrumentation module — the kernel module built from a SystemTap script. The SystemTap module is built on the host system, and will be loaded on the target kernel of target system.
- Host system — the system on which you compile the instrumentation modules from SystemTap scripts in order to load them on target systems.
- Target system — the system for which you are building the instrumentation modules from SystemTap scripts.
- Target kernel — the kernel of the target system. This is the kernel on which you intend to load or run the instrumentation module.

To configure a host system and target systems, complete the following steps:
⁠

1. Install the systemtap-runtime package on each target system.
2. Determine the kernel running on each target system by running the `uname -r` command on each of these systems.
3. Install SystemTap on the host system. You will be building the instrumentation module for the target systems on the host system. For instructions on how to install SystemTap, refer to Section 2.1.1, “Installing SystemTap”.
4. Using the target kernel version determined earlier, install the target kernel and related RPM packages on the host system as described in Section 2.1.2, “Installing Required Kernel Information Packages Manually”. If multiple target systems use different target kernels, repeat this step for each different kernel used on the target systems.

After completing these steps, you can now build the instrumentation module (for any target system) on the host system.
To build the instrumentation module, run the following command on the host system (be sure to specify the appropriate values):

    stap -p4 -r kernel_version script -m module_name

Here, kernel_version refers to the version of the target kernel (the output of the `uname -r` command on the target machine), script refers to the script to be converted into the instrumentation module, and module_name is the desired name of the instrumentation module.

Note

To determine the architecture notation of a running kernel, you can run the following command:

    uname -m

Once the instrumentation module is compiled, copy it to the target system and then load it using:

    staprun module_name.ko

For example, to create the instrumentation module `simple.ko` from a SystemTap script named `simple.stp` for the target kernel 2.6.18-92.1.10.el5 (on x86_64 architecture), use the following command:

    stap -r 2.6.18-92.1.10.el5 -e 'probe vfs.read {exit()}' -m simple

This creates a module named `simple.ko`. To use this instrumentation module, copy it to the target system and run the following command (on the target system):

    staprun simple.ko

Important

The host system must be the same architecture and running the same distribution of Linux as the target system in order for the built instrumentation module to work.

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