# Source code for sqlobject.manager.command

    #!/usr/bin/env python
    from __future__ import print_function

    import fnmatch
    import optparse
    import os
    import re
    import sys
    import textwrap
    import time
    import warnings

    try:
        from paste.deploy import appconfig
    except ImportError:
        appconfig = None

    import sqlobject
    from sqlobject import col
    from sqlobject.classregistry import findClass
    from sqlobject.declarative import DeclarativeMeta
    from sqlobject.util import moduleloader
    from sqlobject.compat import PY2, with_metaclass, string_type

    # It's not very unsafe to use tempnam like we are doing:
    warnings.filterwarnings(
        'ignore', 'tempnam is a potential security risk.*',
        RuntimeWarning, '.*command', 28)

    if PY2:
        # noqa for flake8 and python 3
        input = raw_input  # noqa

    def nowarning_tempnam(*args, **kw):
        return os.tempnam(*args, **kw)

    class SQLObjectVersionTable(sqlobject.SQLObject):
        """
        This table is used to store information about the database and
        its version (used with record and update commands).
        """
        class sqlmeta:
            table = 'sqlobject_db_version'
        version = col.StringCol()
        updated = col.DateTimeCol(default=col.DateTimeCol.now)

    def db_differences(soClass, conn):
        """
        Returns the differences between a class and the table in a
        connection.  Returns [] if no differences are found.  This
        function does the best it can; it can miss many differences.
        """
        # @@: Repeats a lot from CommandStatus.command, but it's hard
        # to actually factor out the display logic.  Or I'm too lazy
        # to do so.
        diffs = []
        if not conn.tableExists(soClass.sqlmeta.table):
            if soClass.sqlmeta.columns:
                diffs.append('Does not exist in database')
        else:
            try:
                columns = conn.columnsFromSchema(soClass.sqlmeta.table,
                                                 soClass)
            except AttributeError:
                # Database does not support reading columns
                pass
            else:
                existing = {}
                for _col in columns:
                    _col = _col.withClass(soClass)
                    existing[_col.dbName] = _col
                missing = {}
                for _col in soClass.sqlmeta.columnList:
                    if _col.dbName in existing:
                        del existing[_col.dbName]
                    else:
                        missing[_col.dbName] = _col
                for _col in existing.values():
                    diffs.append('Database has extra column: %s' % _col.dbName)
                for _col in missing.values():
                    diffs.append('Database missing column: %s' % _col.dbName)
        return diffs

    class CommandRunner(object):

        def __init__(self):
            self.commands = {}
            self.command_aliases = {}

        def run(self, argv):
            invoked_as = argv[0]
            args = argv[1:]
            for i in range(len(args)):
                if not args[i].startswith('-'):
                    # this must be a command
                    command = args[i].lower()
                    del args[i]
                    break
            else:
                # no command found
                self.invalid('No COMMAND given (try "%s help")'
                             % os.path.basename(invoked_as))
            real_command = self.command_aliases.get(command, command)
            if real_command not in self.commands.keys():
                self.invalid('COMMAND %s unknown' % command)
            runner = self.commands[real_command](
                invoked_as, command, args, self)
            runner.run()

        def register(self, command):
            name = command.name
            self.commands[name] = command
            for alias in command.aliases:
                self.command_aliases[alias] = name

        def invalid(self, msg, code=2):
            print(msg)
            sys.exit(code)

    the_runner = CommandRunner()
    register = the_runner.register

    def standard_parser(connection=True, simulate=True,
                        interactive=False, find_modules=True):
        parser = optparse.OptionParser()
        parser.add_option('-v', '--verbose',
                          help='Be verbose (multiple times for more verbosity)',
                          action='count',
                          dest='verbose',
                          default=0)
        if simulate:
            parser.add_option('-n', '--simulate',
                              help="Don't actually do anything (implies -v)",
                              action='store_true',
                              dest='simulate')
        if connection:
            parser.add_option('-c', '--connection',
                              help="The database connection URI",
                              metavar='URI',
                              dest='connection_uri')
        parser.add_option('-f', '--config-file',
                          help="The Paste config file "
                          "that contains the database URI (in the database key)",
                          metavar="FILE",
                          dest="config_file")
        if find_modules:
            parser.add_option('-m', '--module',
                              help="Module in which to find SQLObject classes",
                              action='append',
                              metavar='MODULE',
                              dest='modules',
                              default=[])
            parser.add_option('-p', '--package',
                              help="Package to search for SQLObject classes",
                              action="append",
                              metavar="PACKAGE",
                              dest="packages",
                              default=[])
            parser.add_option('--class',
                              help="Select only named classes (wildcards allowed)",
                              action="append",
                              metavar="NAME",
                              dest="class_matchers",
                              default=[])
        if interactive:
            parser.add_option('-i', '--interactive',
                              help="Ask before doing anything "
                              "(use twice to be more careful)",
                              action="count",
                              dest="interactive",
                              default=0)
        parser.add_option('--egg',
                          help="Select modules from the given Egg, "
                          "using sqlobject.txt",
                          action="append",
                          metavar="EGG_SPEC",
                          dest="eggs",
                          default=[])
        return parser

    class Command(with_metaclass(DeclarativeMeta, object)):

        min_args = 0
        min_args_error = 'You must provide at least %(min_args)s arguments'
        max_args = 0
        max_args_error = 'You must provide no more than %(max_args)s arguments'
        aliases = ()
        required_args = []
        description = None

        help = ''

        def orderClassesByDependencyLevel(self, classes):
            """
            Return classes ordered by their depth in the class dependency
            tree (this is *not* the inheritance tree), from the
            top level (independant) classes to the deepest level.
            The dependency tree is defined by the foreign key relations.
            """
            # @@: written as a self-contained function for now, to prevent
            # having to modify any core SQLObject component and namespace
            # contamination.
            # yemartin - 2006-08-08

            class SQLObjectCircularReferenceError(Exception):
                pass

            def findReverseDependencies(cls):
                """
                Return a list of classes that cls depends on. Note that
                "depends on" here mean "has a foreign key pointing to".
                """
                depended = []
                for _col in cls.sqlmeta.columnList:
                    if _col.foreignKey:
                        other = findClass(_col.foreignKey,
                                          _col.soClass.sqlmeta.registry)
                        if (other is not cls) and (other not in depended):
                            depended.append(other)
                return depended

            # Cache to save already calculated dependency levels.
            dependency_levels = {}

            def calculateDependencyLevel(cls, dependency_stack=[]):
                """
                Recursively calculate the dependency level of cls, while
                using the dependency_stack to detect any circular reference.
                """
                # Return value from the cache if already calculated
                if cls in dependency_levels:
                    return dependency_levels[cls]
                # Check for circular references
                if cls in dependency_stack:
                    dependency_stack.append(cls)
                    raise SQLObjectCircularReferenceError(
                        "Found a circular reference: %s " %
                        (' --> '.join([x.__name__ for x in dependency_stack])))
                dependency_stack.append(cls)
                # Recursively inspect dependent classes.
                depended = findReverseDependencies(cls)
                if depended:
                    level = max([calculateDependencyLevel(x, dependency_stack)
                                 for x in depended]) + 1
                else:
                    level = 0
                dependency_levels[cls] = level
                return level

            # Now simply calculate and sort by dependency levels:
            try:
                sorter = []
                for cls in classes:
                    level = calculateDependencyLevel(cls)
                    sorter.append((level, cls))
                sorter.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
                ordered_classes = [cls for _, cls in sorter]
            except SQLObjectCircularReferenceError as msg:
                # Failsafe: return the classes as-is if a circular reference
                # prevented the dependency levels to be calculated.
                print("Warning: a circular reference was detected in the "
                      "model. Unable to sort the classes by dependency: they "
                      "will be treated in alphabetic order. This may or may "
                      "not work depending on your database backend. "
                      "The error was:\n%s" % msg)
                return classes
            return ordered_classes

        def __classinit__(cls, new_args):
            if cls.__bases__ == (object,):
                # This abstract base class
                return
            register(cls)

        def __init__(self, invoked_as, command_name, args, runner):
            self.invoked_as = invoked_as
            self.command_name = command_name
            self.raw_args = args
            self.runner = runner

        def run(self):
            self.parser.usage = "%%prog [options]\n%s" % self.summary
            if self.help:
                help = textwrap.fill(
                    self.help, int(os.environ.get('COLUMNS', 80)) - 4)
                self.parser.usage += '\n' + help
            self.parser.prog = '%s %s' % (
                os.path.basename(self.invoked_as),
                self.command_name)
            if self.description:
                self.parser.description = self.description
            self.options, self.args = self.parser.parse_args(self.raw_args)
            if (getattr(self.options, 'simulate', False)
                    and not self.options.verbose):
                self.options.verbose = 1
            if self.min_args is not None and len(self.args) < self.min_args:
                self.runner.invalid(
                    self.min_args_error % {'min_args': self.min_args,
                                           'actual_args': len(self.args)})
            if self.max_args is not None and len(self.args) > self.max_args:
                self.runner.invalid(
                    self.max_args_error % {'max_args': self.max_args,
                                           'actual_args': len(self.args)})
            for var_name, option_name in self.required_args:
                if not getattr(self.options, var_name, None):
                    self.runner.invalid(
                        'You must provide the option %s' % option_name)
            conf = self.config()
            if conf and conf.get('sys_path'):
                update_sys_path(conf['sys_path'], self.options.verbose)
            if conf and conf.get('database'):
                conn = sqlobject.connectionForURI(conf['database'])
                sqlobject.sqlhub.processConnection = conn
            for egg_spec in getattr(self.options, 'eggs', []):
                self.load_options_from_egg(egg_spec)
            self.command()

        def classes(self, require_connection=True,
                    require_some=False):
            all = []
            for module_name in self.options.modules:
                all.extend(self.classes_from_module(
                    moduleloader.load_module(module_name)))
            for package_name in self.options.packages:
                all.extend(self.classes_from_package(package_name))
            for egg_spec in self.options.eggs:
                all.extend(self.classes_from_egg(egg_spec))
            if self.options.class_matchers:
                filtered = []
                for soClass in all:
                    name = soClass.__name__
                    for matcher in self.options.class_matchers:
                        if fnmatch.fnmatch(name, matcher):
                            filtered.append(soClass)
                            break
                all = filtered
            conn = self.connection()
            if conn:
                for soClass in all:
                    soClass._connection = conn
            else:
                missing = []
                for soClass in all:
                    try:
                        if not soClass._connection:
                            missing.append(soClass)
                    except AttributeError:
                        missing.append(soClass)
                if missing and require_connection:
                    self.runner.invalid(
                        'These classes do not have connections set:\n  * %s\n'
                        'You must indicate --connection=URI'
                        % '\n  * '.join([soClass.__name__
                                         for soClass in missing]))
            if require_some and not all:
                print('No classes found!')
                if self.options.modules:
                    print('Looked in modules: %s' %
                          ', '.join(self.options.modules))
                else:
                    print('No modules specified')
                if self.options.packages:
                    print('Looked in packages: %s' %
                          ', '.join(self.options.packages))
                else:
                    print('No packages specified')
                if self.options.class_matchers:
                    print('Matching class pattern: %s' %
                          self.options.class_matches)
                if self.options.eggs:
                    print('Looked in eggs: %s' % ', '.join(self.options.eggs))
                else:
                    print('No eggs specified')
                sys.exit(1)
            return self.orderClassesByDependencyLevel(all)

        def classes_from_module(self, module):
            all = []
            if hasattr(module, 'soClasses'):
                for name_or_class in module.soClasses:
                    if isinstance(name_or_class, str):
                        name_or_class = getattr(module, name_or_class)
                    all.append(name_or_class)
            else:
                for name in dir(module):
                    value = getattr(module, name)
                    if (isinstance(value, type)
                        and issubclass(value, sqlobject.SQLObject)
                            and value.__module__ == module.__name__):
                        all.append(value)
            return all

        def connection(self):
            config = self.config()
            if config is not None:
                assert config.get('database'), (
                    "No database variable found in config file %s"
                    % self.options.config_file)
                return sqlobject.connectionForURI(config['database'])
            elif getattr(self.options, 'connection_uri', None):
                return sqlobject.connectionForURI(self.options.connection_uri)
            else:
                return None

        def config(self):
            if not getattr(self.options, 'config_file', None):
                return None
            config_file = self.options.config_file
            if appconfig:
                if (not config_file.startswith('egg:')
                        and not config_file.startswith('config:')):
                    config_file = 'config:' + config_file
                return appconfig(config_file,
                                 relative_to=os.getcwd())
            else:
                return self.ini_config(config_file)

        def ini_config(self, conf_fn):
            conf_section = 'main'
            if '#' in conf_fn:
                conf_fn, conf_section = conf_fn.split('#', 1)

            try:
                from ConfigParser import ConfigParser
            except ImportError:
                from configparser import ConfigParser
            p = ConfigParser()
            # Case-sensitive:
            p.optionxform = str
            if not os.path.exists(conf_fn):
                # Stupid RawConfigParser doesn't give an error for
                # non-existant files:
                raise OSError(
                    "Config file %s does not exist" % self.options.config_file)
            p.read([conf_fn])
            p._defaults.setdefault(
                'here', os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(conf_fn)))

            possible_sections = []
            for section in p.sections():
                name = section.strip().lower()
                if (conf_section == name
                    or (conf_section == name.split(':')[-1]
                        and name.split(':')[0] in ('app', 'application'))):
                    possible_sections.append(section)

            if not possible_sections:
                raise OSError(
                    "Config file %s does not have a section [%s] or [*:%s]"
                    % (conf_fn, conf_section, conf_section))
            if len(possible_sections) > 1:
                raise OSError(
                    "Config file %s has multiple sections matching %s: %s"
                    % (conf_fn, conf_section, ', '.join(possible_sections)))

            config = {}
            for op in p.options(possible_sections[0]):
                config[op] = p.get(possible_sections[0], op)
            return config

        def classes_from_package(self, package_name):
            all = []
            package = moduleloader.load_module(package_name)
            package_dir = os.path.dirname(package.__file__)

            def find_classes_in_file(arg, dir_name, filenames):
                if dir_name.startswith('.svn'):
                    return
                filenames = filter(
                    lambda fname: fname.endswith('.py') and fname != '__init__.py',
                    filenames)
                for fname in filenames:
                    module_name = os.path.join(dir_name, fname)
                    module_name = module_name[module_name.find(package_name):]
                    module_name = module_name.replace(os.path.sep, '.')[:-3]
                    try:
                        module = moduleloader.load_module(module_name)
                    except ImportError as err:
                        if self.options.verbose:
                            print('Could not import module "%s". '
                                  'Error was : "%s"' % (module_name, err))
                        continue
                    except Exception as exc:
                        if self.options.verbose:
                            print('Unknown exception while processing module '
                                  '"%s" : "%s"' % (module_name, exc))
                        continue
                    classes = self.classes_from_module(module)
                    all.extend(classes)

            for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(package_dir):
                find_classes_in_file(None, dirpath, dirnames + filenames)
            return all

        def classes_from_egg(self, egg_spec):
            modules = []
            dist, conf = self.config_from_egg(egg_spec, warn_no_sqlobject=True)
            for mod in conf.get('db_module', '').split(','):
                mod = mod.strip()
                if not mod:
                    continue
                if self.options.verbose:
                    print('Looking in module %s' % mod)
                modules.extend(self.classes_from_module(
                    moduleloader.load_module(mod)))
            return modules

        def load_options_from_egg(self, egg_spec):
            dist, conf = self.config_from_egg(egg_spec)
            if (hasattr(self.options, 'output_dir')
                    and not self.options.output_dir and conf.get('history_dir')):
                dir = conf['history_dir']
                dir = dir.replace('$base', dist.location)
                self.options.output_dir = dir

        def config_from_egg(self, egg_spec, warn_no_sqlobject=True):
            import pkg_resources
            dist = pkg_resources.get_distribution(egg_spec)
            if not dist.has_metadata('sqlobject.txt'):
                if warn_no_sqlobject:
                    print('No sqlobject.txt in %s egg info' % egg_spec)
                return None, {}
            result = {}
            for line in dist.get_metadata_lines('sqlobject.txt'):
                line = line.strip()
                if not line or line.startswith('#'):
                    continue
                name, value = line.split('=', 1)
                name = name.strip().lower()
                if name in result:
                    print('Warning: %s appears more than once '
                          'in sqlobject.txt' % name)
                result[name.strip().lower()] = value.strip()
            return dist, result

        def command(self):
            raise NotImplementedError

        def _get_prog_name(self):
            return os.path.basename(self.invoked_as)
        prog_name = property(_get_prog_name)

        def ask(self, prompt, safe=False, default=True):
            if self.options.interactive >= 2:
                default = safe
            if default:
                prompt += ' [Y/n]? '
            else:
                prompt += ' [y/N]? '
            while 1:
                response = input(prompt).strip()
                if not response.strip():
                    return default
                if response and response[0].lower() in ('y', 'n'):
                    return response[0].lower() == 'y'
                print('Y or N please')

        def shorten_filename(self, fn):
            """
            Shortens a filename to make it relative to the current
            directory (if it can).  For display purposes.
            """
            if fn.startswith(os.getcwd() + '/'):
                fn = fn[len(os.getcwd()) + 1:]
            return fn

        def open_editor(self, pretext, breaker=None, extension='.txt'):
            """
            Open an editor with the given text.  Return the new text,
            or None if no edits were made.  If given, everything after
            `breaker` will be ignored.
            """
            fn = nowarning_tempnam() + extension
            f = open(fn, 'w')
            f.write(pretext)
            f.close()
            print('$EDITOR %s' % fn)
            os.system('$EDITOR %s' % fn)
            f = open(fn, 'r')
            content = f.read()
            f.close()
            if breaker:
                content = content.split(breaker)[0]
                pretext = pretext.split(breaker)[0]
            if content == pretext or not content.strip():
                return None
            return content

    class CommandSQL(Command):

        name = 'sql'
        summary = 'Show SQL CREATE statements'

        parser = standard_parser(simulate=False)

        def command(self):
            classes = self.classes()
            allConstraints = []
            for cls in classes:
                if self.options.verbose >= 1:
                    print('-- %s from %s' % (
                          cls.__name__, cls.__module__))
                createSql, constraints = cls.createTableSQL()
                print(createSql.strip() + ';\n')
                allConstraints.append(constraints)
            for constraints in allConstraints:
                if constraints:
                    for constraint in constraints:
                        if constraint:
                            print(constraint.strip() + ';\n')

    class CommandList(Command):

        name = 'list'
        summary = 'Show all SQLObject classes found'

        parser = standard_parser(simulate=False, connection=False)

        def command(self):
            if self.options.verbose >= 1:
                print('Classes found:')
            classes = self.classes(require_connection=False)
            for soClass in classes:
                print('%s.%s' % (soClass.__module__, soClass.__name__))
                if self.options.verbose >= 1:
                    print('  Table: %s' % soClass.sqlmeta.table)

    class CommandCreate(Command):

        name = 'create'
        summary = 'Create tables'

        parser = standard_parser(interactive=True)
        parser.add_option('--create-db',
                          action='store_true',
                          dest='create_db',
                          help="Create the database")

        def command(self):
            v = self.options.verbose
            created = 0
            existing = 0
            dbs_created = []
            constraints = {}
            for soClass in self.classes(require_some=True):
                if (self.options.create_db
                        and soClass._connection not in dbs_created):
                    if not self.options.simulate:
                        try:
                            soClass._connection.createEmptyDatabase()
                        except soClass._connection.module.ProgrammingError as e:
                            if str(e).find('already exists') != -1:
                                print('Database already exists')
                            else:
                                raise
                    else:
                        print('(simulating; cannot create database)')
                    dbs_created.append(soClass._connection)
                if soClass._connection not in constraints.keys():
                    constraints[soClass._connection] = []
                exists = soClass._connection.tableExists(soClass.sqlmeta.table)
                if v >= 1:
                    if exists:
                        existing += 1
                        print('%s already exists.' % soClass.__name__)
                    else:
                        print('Creating %s' % soClass.__name__)
                if v >= 2:
                    sql, extra = soClass.createTableSQL()
                    print(sql)
                if (not self.options.simulate and not exists):
                    if self.options.interactive:
                        if self.ask('Create %s' % soClass.__name__):
                            created += 1
                            tableConstraints = soClass.createTable(
                                applyConstraints=False)
                            if tableConstraints:
                                constraints[soClass._connection].append(
                                    tableConstraints)
                        else:
                            print('Cancelled')
                    else:
                        created += 1
                        tableConstraints = soClass.createTable(
                            applyConstraints=False)
                        if tableConstraints:
                            constraints[soClass._connection].append(
                                tableConstraints)
            for connection in constraints.keys():
                if v >= 2:
                    print('Creating constraints')
                for constraintList in constraints[connection]:
                    for constraint in constraintList:
                        if constraint:
                            connection.query(constraint)
            if v >= 1:
                print('%i tables created (%i already exist)' % (
                      created, existing))

    class CommandDrop(Command):

        name = 'drop'
        summary = 'Drop tables'

        parser = standard_parser(interactive=True)

        def command(self):
            v = self.options.verbose
            dropped = 0
            not_existing = 0
            for soClass in reversed(self.classes()):
                exists = soClass._connection.tableExists(soClass.sqlmeta.table)
                if v >= 1:
                    if exists:
                        print('Dropping %s' % soClass.__name__)
                    else:
                        not_existing += 1
                        print('%s does not exist.' % soClass.__name__)
                if (not self.options.simulate and exists):
                    if self.options.interactive:
                        if self.ask('Drop %s' % soClass.__name__):
                            dropped += 1
                            soClass.dropTable()
                        else:
                            print('Cancelled')
                    else:
                        dropped += 1
                        soClass.dropTable()
            if v >= 1:
                print('%i tables dropped (%i didn\'t exist)' % (
                      dropped, not_existing))

    class CommandStatus(Command):

        name = 'status'
        summary = 'Show status of classes vs. database'
        help = ('This command checks the SQLObject definition and checks if '
                'the tables in the database match.  It can always test for '
                'missing tables, and on some databases can test for the '
                'existance of other tables.  Column types are not currently '
                'checked.')

        parser = standard_parser(simulate=False)

        def print_class(self, soClass):
            if self.printed:
                return
            self.printed = True
            print('Checking %s...' % soClass.__name__)

        def command(self):
            good = 0
            bad = 0
            missing_tables = 0
            columnsFromSchema_warning = False
            for soClass in self.classes(require_some=True):
                conn = soClass._connection
                self.printed = False
                if self.options.verbose:
                    self.print_class(soClass)
                if not conn.tableExists(soClass.sqlmeta.table):
                    self.print_class(soClass)
                    print('  Does not exist in database')
                    missing_tables += 1
                    continue
                try:
                    columns = conn.columnsFromSchema(soClass.sqlmeta.table,
                                                     soClass)
                except AttributeError:
                    if not columnsFromSchema_warning:
                        print('Database does not support reading columns')
                        columnsFromSchema_warning = True
                    good += 1
                    continue
                except AssertionError as e:
                    print('Cannot read db table %s: %s' % (
                        soClass.sqlmeta.table, e))
                    continue
                existing = {}
                for _col in columns:
                    _col = _col.withClass(soClass)
                    existing[_col.dbName] = _col
                missing = {}
                for _col in soClass.sqlmeta.columnList:
                    if _col.dbName in existing:
                        del existing[_col.dbName]
                    else:
                        missing[_col.dbName] = _col
                if existing:
                    self.print_class(soClass)
                    for _col in existing.values():
                        print('  Database has extra column: %s' % _col.dbName)
                if missing:
                    self.print_class(soClass)
                    for _col in missing.values():
                        print('  Database missing column: %s' % _col.dbName)
                if existing or missing:
                    bad += 1
                else:
                    good += 1
            if self.options.verbose:
                print('%i in sync; %i out of sync; %i not in database' % (
                      good, bad, missing_tables))

    class CommandHelp(Command):

        name = 'help'
        summary = 'Show help'

        parser = optparse.OptionParser()

        max_args = 1

        def command(self):
            if self.args:
                the_runner.run([self.invoked_as, self.args[0], '-h'])
            else:
                print('Available commands:')
                print('  (use "%s help COMMAND" or "%s COMMAND -h" ' % (
                      self.prog_name, self.prog_name))
                print('  for more information)')
                items = sorted(the_runner.commands.items())
                max_len = max([len(cn) for cn, c in items])
                for command_name, command in items:
                    print('%s:%s %s' % (command_name,
                                        ' ' * (max_len - len(command_name)),
                                        command.summary))
                    if command.aliases:
                        print('%s (Aliases: %s)' % (
                            ' ' * max_len, ', '.join(command.aliases)))

    class CommandExecute(Command):

        name = 'execute'
        summary = 'Execute SQL statements'
        help = ('Runs SQL statements directly in the database, with no '
                'intervention.  Useful when used with a configuration file.  '
                'Each argument is executed as an individual statement.')

        parser = standard_parser(find_modules=False)
        parser.add_option('--stdin',
                          help="Read SQL from stdin "
                          "(normally takes SQL from the command line)",
                          dest="use_stdin",
                          action="store_true")

        max_args = None

        def command(self):
            args = self.args
            if self.options.use_stdin:
                if self.options.verbose:
                    print("Reading additional SQL from stdin "
                          "(Ctrl-D or Ctrl-Z to finish)...")
                args.append(sys.stdin.read())
            self.conn = self.connection().getConnection()
            self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
            for sql in args:
                self.execute_sql(sql)

        def execute_sql(self, sql):
            if self.options.verbose:
                print(sql)
            try:
                self.cursor.execute(sql)
            except Exception as e:
                if not self.options.verbose:
                    print(sql)
                print("****Error:")
                print('    ', e)
                return
            desc = self.cursor.description
            rows = self.cursor.fetchall()
            if self.options.verbose:
                if not self.cursor.rowcount:
                    print("No rows accessed")
                else:
                    print("%i rows accessed" % self.cursor.rowcount)
            if desc:
                for (name, type_code, display_size, internal_size,
                        precision, scale, null_ok) in desc:
                    sys.stdout.write("%s\t" % name)
                sys.stdout.write("\n")
            for row in rows:
                for _col in row:
                    sys.stdout.write("%r\t" % _col)
                sys.stdout.write("\n")
            print()

    class CommandRecord(Command):

        name = 'record'
        summary = 'Record historical information about the database status'
        help = ('Record state of table definitions.  The state of each '
                'table is written out to a separate file in a directory, '
                'and that directory forms a "version".  A table is also '
                'added to your database (%s) that reflects the version the '
                'database is currently at.  Use the upgrade command to '
                'sync databases with code.'
                % SQLObjectVersionTable.sqlmeta.table)

        parser = standard_parser()
        parser.add_option('--output-dir',
                          help="Base directory for recorded definitions",
                          dest="output_dir",
                          metavar="DIR",
                          default=None)
        parser.add_option('--no-db-record',
                          help="Don't record version to database",
                          dest="db_record",
                          action="store_false",
                          default=True)
        parser.add_option('--force-create',
                          help="Create a new version even if appears to be "
                          "identical to the last version",
                          action="store_true",
                          dest="force_create")
        parser.add_option('--name',
                          help="The name to append to the version.  The "
                          "version should sort after previous versions (so "
                          "any versions from the same day should come "
                          "alphabetically before this version).",
                          dest="version_name",
                          metavar="NAME")
        parser.add_option('--force-db-version',
                          help="Update the database version, and include no "
                          "database information.  This is for databases that "
                          "were developed without any interaction with "
                          "this tool, to create a 'beginning' revision.",
                          metavar="VERSION_NAME",
                          dest="force_db_version")
        parser.add_option('--edit',
                          help="Open an editor for the upgrader in the last "
                          "version (using $EDITOR).",
                          action="store_true",
                          dest="open_editor")

        version_regex = re.compile(r'^\d\d\d\d-\d\d-\d\d')

        def command(self):
            if self.options.force_db_version:
                self.command_force_db_version()
                return

            v = self.options.verbose
            sim = self.options.simulate
            classes = self.classes()
            if not classes:
                print("No classes found!")
                return

            output_dir = self.find_output_dir()
            version = os.path.basename(output_dir)
            print("Creating version %s" % version)
            conns = []
            files = {}
            for cls in self.classes():
                dbName = cls._connection.dbName
                if cls._connection not in conns:
                    conns.append(cls._connection)
                fn = os.path.join(cls.__name__ + '_' + dbName + '.sql')
                if sim:
                    continue
                create, constraints = cls.createTableSQL()
                if constraints:
                    constraints = '\n-- Constraints:\n%s\n' % (
                        '\n'.join(constraints))
                else:
                    constraints = ''
                files[fn] = ''.join([
                    '-- Exported definition from %s\n'
                    % time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S'),
                    '-- Class %s.%s\n'
                    % (cls.__module__, cls.__name__),
                    '-- Database: %s\n'
                    % dbName,
                    create.strip(),
                    '\n',
                    constraints])
            last_version_dir = self.find_last_version()
            if last_version_dir and not self.options.force_create:
                if v > 1:
                    print("Checking %s to see if it is current" % last_version_dir)
                files_copy = files.copy()
                for fn in os.listdir(last_version_dir):
                    if not fn.endswith('.sql'):
                        continue
                    if fn not in files_copy:
                        if v > 1:
                            print("Missing file %s" % fn)
                        break
                    f = open(os.path.join(last_version_dir, fn), 'r')
                    content = f.read()
                    f.close()
                    if (self.strip_comments(files_copy[fn])
                            != self.strip_comments(content)):
                        if v > 1:
                            print("Content does not match: %s" % fn)
                        break
                    del files_copy[fn]
                else:
                    # No differences so far
                    if not files_copy:
                        # Used up all files
                        print("Current status matches version %s"
                              % os.path.basename(last_version_dir))
                        return
                    if v > 1:
                        print("Extra files: %s" % ', '.join(files_copy.keys()))
                if v:
                    print("Current state does not match %s"
                          % os.path.basename(last_version_dir))
            if v > 1 and not last_version_dir:
                print("No last version to check")
            if not sim:
                os.mkdir(output_dir)
            if v:
                print('Making directory %s' % self.shorten_filename(output_dir))
            files = sorted(files.items())
            for fn, content in files:
                if v:
                    print('  Writing %s' % self.shorten_filename(fn))
                if not sim:
                    f = open(os.path.join(output_dir, fn), 'w')
                    f.write(content)
                    f.close()
            if self.options.db_record:
                all_diffs = []
                for cls in self.classes():
                    for conn in conns:
                        diffs = db_differences(cls, conn)
                        for diff in diffs:
                            if len(conns) > 1:
                                diff = '  (%s).%s: %s' % (
                                    conn.uri(), cls.sqlmeta.table, diff)
                            else:
                                diff = '  %s: %s' % (cls.sqlmeta.table, diff)
                            all_diffs.append(diff)
                if all_diffs:
                    print('Database does not match schema:')
                    print('\n'.join(all_diffs))
                    for conn in conns:
                        self.update_db(version, conn)
            else:
                all_diffs = []
            if self.options.open_editor:
                if not last_version_dir:
                    print("Cannot edit upgrader because there is no "
                          "previous version")
                else:
                    breaker = ('-' * 20 + ' lines below this will be ignored '
                               + '-' * 20)
                    pre_text = breaker + '\n' + '\n'.join(all_diffs)
                    text = self.open_editor('\n\n' + pre_text, breaker=breaker,
                                            extension='.sql')
                    if text is not None:
                        fn = os.path.join(last_version_dir,
                                          'upgrade_%s_%s.sql' %
                                          (dbName, version))
                        f = open(fn, 'w')
                        f.write(text)
                        f.close()
                        print('Wrote to %s' % fn)

        def update_db(self, version, conn):
            v = self.options.verbose
            if not conn.tableExists(SQLObjectVersionTable.sqlmeta.table):
                if v:
                    print('Creating table %s'
                          % SQLObjectVersionTable.sqlmeta.table)
                sql = SQLObjectVersionTable.createTableSQL(connection=conn)
                if v > 1:
                    print(sql)
                if not self.options.simulate:
                    SQLObjectVersionTable.createTable(connection=conn)
            if not self.options.simulate:
                SQLObjectVersionTable.clearTable(connection=conn)
                SQLObjectVersionTable(
                    version=version,
                    connection=conn)

        def strip_comments(self, sql):
            lines = [l for l in sql.splitlines()
                     if not l.strip().startswith('--')]
            return '\n'.join(lines)

        def base_dir(self):
            base = self.options.output_dir
            if base is None:
                config = self.config()
                if config is not None:
                    base = config.get('sqlobject_history_dir', '.')
                else:
                    base = '.'
            if not os.path.exists(base):
                print('Creating history directory %s' %
                      self.shorten_filename(base))
                if not self.options.simulate:
                    os.makedirs(base)
            return base

        def find_output_dir(self):
            today = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d', time.localtime())
            if self.options.version_name:
                dir = os.path.join(self.base_dir(), today + '-'
                                   + self.options.version_name)
                if os.path.exists(dir):
                    print("Error, directory already exists: %s"
                          % dir)
                    sys.exit(1)
                return dir
            extra = ''
            while 1:
                dir = os.path.join(self.base_dir(), today + extra)
                if not os.path.exists(dir):
                    return dir
                if not extra:
                    extra = 'a'
                else:
                    extra = chr(ord(extra) + 1)

        def find_last_version(self):
            names = []
            for fn in os.listdir(self.base_dir()):
                if not self.version_regex.search(fn):
                    continue
                names.append(fn)
            if not names:
                return None
            names.sort()
            return os.path.join(self.base_dir(), names[-1])

        def command_force_db_version(self):
            v = self.options.verbose
            sim = self.options.simulate
            version = self.options.force_db_version
            if not self.version_regex.search(version):
                print("Versions must be in the format YYYY-MM-DD...")
                print("You version %s does not fit this" % version)
                return
            version_dir = os.path.join(self.base_dir(), version)
            if not os.path.exists(version_dir):
                if v:
                    print('Creating %s' % self.shorten_filename(version_dir))
                if not sim:
                    os.mkdir(version_dir)
            elif v:
                print('Directory %s exists'
                      % self.shorten_filename(version_dir))
            if self.options.db_record:
                self.update_db(version, self.connection())

    class CommandUpgrade(CommandRecord):

        name = 'upgrade'
        summary = 'Update the database to a new version (as created by record)'
        help = ('This command runs scripts (that you write by hand) to '
                'upgrade a database.  The database\'s current version is in '
                'the sqlobject_version table (use record --force-db-version '
                'if a database does not have a sqlobject_version table), '
                'and upgrade scripts are in the version directory you are '
                'upgrading FROM, named upgrade_DBNAME_VERSION.sql, like '
                '"upgrade_mysql_2004-12-01b.sql".')

        parser = standard_parser(find_modules=False)
        parser.add_option('--upgrade-to',
                          help="Upgrade to the given version "
                          "(default: newest version)",
                          dest="upgrade_to",
                          metavar="VERSION")
        parser.add_option('--output-dir',
                          help="Base directory for recorded definitions",
                          dest="output_dir",
                          metavar="DIR",
                          default=None)

        upgrade_regex = re.compile(r'^upgrade_([a-z]*)_([^.]*)\.sql$', re.I)

        def command(self):
            v = self.options.verbose
            sim = self.options.simulate
            if self.options.upgrade_to:
                version_to = self.options.upgrade_to
            else:
                fname = self.find_last_version()
                if fname is None:
                    print("No version exists, use 'record' command to create one")
                    return
                version_to = os.path.basename(fname)
            current = self.current_version()
            if v:
                print('Current version: %s' % current)
            version_list = self.make_plan(current, version_to)
            if not version_list:
                print('Database up to date')
                return
            if v:
                print('Plan:')
                for next_version, upgrader in version_list:
                    print('  Use %s to upgrade to %s' % (
                          self.shorten_filename(upgrader), next_version))
            conn = self.connection()
            for next_version, upgrader in version_list:
                f = open(upgrader)
                sql = f.read()
                f.close()
                if v:
                    print("Running:")
                    print(sql)
                    print('-' * 60)
                if not sim:
                    try:
                        conn.query(sql)
                    except Exception:
                        print("Error in script: %s" % upgrader)
                        raise
                self.update_db(next_version, conn)
            print('Done.')

        def current_version(self):
            conn = self.connection()
            if not conn.tableExists(SQLObjectVersionTable.sqlmeta.table):
                print('No sqlobject_version table!')
                sys.exit(1)
            versions = list(SQLObjectVersionTable.select(connection=conn))
            if not versions:
                print('No rows in sqlobject_version!')
                sys.exit(1)
            if len(versions) > 1:
                print('Ambiguous sqlobject_version_table')
                sys.exit(1)
            return versions[0].version

        def make_plan(self, current, dest):
            if current == dest:
                return []
            dbname = self.connection().dbName
            next_version, upgrader = self.best_upgrade(current, dest, dbname)
            if not upgrader:
                print('No way to upgrade from %s to %s' % (current, dest))
                print('(you need a %s/upgrade_%s_%s.sql script)'
                      % (current, dbname, dest))
                sys.exit(1)
            plan = [(next_version, upgrader)]
            if next_version == dest:
                return plan
            else:
                return plan + self.make_plan(next_version, dest)

        def best_upgrade(self, current, dest, target_dbname):
            current_dir = os.path.join(self.base_dir(), current)
            if self.options.verbose > 1:
                print('Looking in %s for upgraders'
                      % self.shorten_filename(current_dir))
            upgraders = []
            for fn in os.listdir(current_dir):
                match = self.upgrade_regex.search(fn)
                if not match:
                    if self.options.verbose > 1:
                        print('Not an upgrade script: %s' % fn)
                    continue
                dbname = match.group(1)
                version = match.group(2)
                if dbname != target_dbname:
                    if self.options.verbose > 1:
                        print('Not for this database: %s (want %s)' % (
                              dbname, target_dbname))
                    continue
                if version > dest:
                    if self.options.verbose > 1:
                        print('Version too new: %s (only want %s)' % (
                              version, dest))
                upgraders.append((version, os.path.join(current_dir, fn)))
            if not upgraders:
                if self.options.verbose > 1:
                    print('No upgraders found in %s' % current_dir)
                return None, None
            upgraders.sort()
            return upgraders[-1]

    def update_sys_path(paths, verbose):
        if isinstance(paths, string_type):
            paths = [paths]
        for path in paths:
            path = os.path.abspath(path)
            if path not in sys.path:
                if verbose > 1:
                    print('Adding %s to path' % path)
                sys.path.insert(0, path)

    if __name__ == '__main__':
        the_runner.run(sys.argv)