# Source code for sentry_sdk.profiler.transaction_profiler

    """
    This file is originally based on code from https://github.com/nylas/nylas-perftools,
    which is published under the following license:

    The MIT License (MIT)

    Copyright (c) 2014 Nylas

    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
    copies or substantial portions of the Software.

    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
    SOFTWARE.
    """

    import atexit
    import os
    import platform
    import random
    import sys
    import threading
    import time
    import uuid
    import warnings
    from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
    from collections import deque
    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING

    import sentry_sdk
    from sentry_sdk._lru_cache import LRUCache
    from sentry_sdk.profiler.utils import (
        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_FREQUENCY,
        extract_stack,
    )
    from sentry_sdk.utils import (
        capture_internal_exception,
        capture_internal_exceptions,
        get_current_thread_meta,
        is_gevent,
        is_valid_sample_rate,
        logger,
        nanosecond_time,
        set_in_app_in_frames,
    )

    if TYPE_CHECKING:
        from typing import Any, Callable, Deque, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Type

        from typing_extensions import TypedDict

        from sentry_sdk._types import Event, ProfilerMode, SamplingContext
        from sentry_sdk.profiler.utils import (
            ExtractedSample,
            FrameId,
            ProcessedFrame,
            ProcessedStack,
            ProcessedThreadMetadata,
            StackId,
            ThreadId,
        )

        ProcessedSample = TypedDict(
            "ProcessedSample",
            {
                "elapsed_since_start_ns": str,
                "thread_id": ThreadId,
                "stack_id": int,
            },
        )

        ProcessedProfile = TypedDict(
            "ProcessedProfile",
            {
                "frames": List[ProcessedFrame],
                "stacks": List[ProcessedStack],
                "samples": List[ProcessedSample],
                "thread_metadata": Dict[ThreadId, ProcessedThreadMetadata],
            },
        )

    try:
        from gevent.monkey import get_original
        from gevent.threadpool import ThreadPool as _ThreadPool

        ThreadPool: "Optional[Type[_ThreadPool]]" = _ThreadPool
        thread_sleep = get_original("time", "sleep")
    except ImportError:
        thread_sleep = time.sleep

        ThreadPool = None

    _scheduler: "Optional[Scheduler]" = None

    # The minimum number of unique samples that must exist in a profile to be
    # considered valid.
    PROFILE_MINIMUM_SAMPLES = 2

    def has_profiling_enabled(options: "Dict[str, Any]") -> bool:
        profiles_sampler = options["profiles_sampler"]
        if profiles_sampler is not None:
            return True

        profiles_sample_rate = options["profiles_sample_rate"]
        if profiles_sample_rate is not None and profiles_sample_rate > 0:
            return True

        profiles_sample_rate = options["_experiments"].get("profiles_sample_rate")
        if profiles_sample_rate is not None:
            logger.warning(
                "_experiments['profiles_sample_rate'] is deprecated. "
                "Please use the non-experimental profiles_sample_rate option "
                "directly."
            )
            if profiles_sample_rate > 0:
                return True

        return False

    def setup_profiler(options: "Dict[str, Any]") -> bool:
        global _scheduler

        if _scheduler is not None:
            logger.debug("[Profiling] Profiler is already setup")
            return False

        frequency = DEFAULT_SAMPLING_FREQUENCY

        if is_gevent():
            # If gevent has patched the threading modules then we cannot rely on
            # them to spawn a native thread for sampling.
            # Instead we default to the GeventScheduler which is capable of
            # spawning native threads within gevent.
            default_profiler_mode = GeventScheduler.mode
        else:
            default_profiler_mode = ThreadScheduler.mode

        if options.get("profiler_mode") is not None:
            profiler_mode = options["profiler_mode"]
        else:
            profiler_mode = options.get("_experiments", {}).get("profiler_mode")
            if profiler_mode is not None:
                logger.warning(
                    "_experiments['profiler_mode'] is deprecated. Please use the "
                    "non-experimental profiler_mode option directly."
                )
            profiler_mode = profiler_mode or default_profiler_mode

        if (
            profiler_mode == ThreadScheduler.mode
            # for legacy reasons, we'll keep supporting sleep mode for this scheduler
            or profiler_mode == "sleep"
        ):
            _scheduler = ThreadScheduler(frequency=frequency)
        elif profiler_mode == GeventScheduler.mode:
            _scheduler = GeventScheduler(frequency=frequency)
        else:
            raise ValueError("Unknown profiler mode: {}".format(profiler_mode))

        logger.debug(
            "[Profiling] Setting up profiler in {mode} mode".format(mode=_scheduler.mode)
        )
        _scheduler.setup()

        atexit.register(teardown_profiler)

        return True

    def teardown_profiler() -> None:
        global _scheduler

        if _scheduler is not None:
            _scheduler.teardown()

        _scheduler = None

    MAX_PROFILE_DURATION_NS = int(3e10)  # 30 seconds

    class Profile:
        def __init__(
            self,
            sampled: "Optional[bool]",
            start_ns: int,
            hub: "Optional[sentry_sdk.Hub]" = None,
            scheduler: "Optional[Scheduler]" = None,
        ) -> None:
            self.scheduler = _scheduler if scheduler is None else scheduler

            self.event_id: str = uuid.uuid4().hex

            self.sampled: "Optional[bool]" = sampled

            # Various framework integrations are capable of overwriting the active thread id.
            # If it is set to `None` at the end of the profile, we fall back to the default.
            self._default_active_thread_id: int = get_current_thread_meta()[0] or 0
            self.active_thread_id: "Optional[int]" = None

            try:
                self.start_ns: int = start_ns
            except AttributeError:
                self.start_ns = 0

            self.stop_ns: int = 0
            self.active: bool = False

            self.indexed_frames: "Dict[FrameId, int]" = {}
            self.indexed_stacks: "Dict[StackId, int]" = {}
            self.frames: "List[ProcessedFrame]" = []
            self.stacks: "List[ProcessedStack]" = []
            self.samples: "List[ProcessedSample]" = []

            self.unique_samples = 0

            # Backwards compatibility with the old hub property
            self._hub: "Optional[sentry_sdk.Hub]" = None
            if hub is not None:
                self._hub = hub
                warnings.warn(
                    "The `hub` parameter is deprecated. Please do not use it.",
                    DeprecationWarning,
                    stacklevel=2,
                )

        def update_active_thread_id(self) -> None:
            self.active_thread_id = get_current_thread_meta()[0]
            logger.debug(
                "[Profiling] updating active thread id to {tid}".format(
                    tid=self.active_thread_id
                )
            )

        def _set_initial_sampling_decision(
            self, sampling_context: "SamplingContext"
        ) -> None:
            """
            Sets the profile's sampling decision according to the following
            precedence rules:

            1. If the transaction to be profiled is not sampled, that decision
            will be used, regardless of anything else.

            2. Use `profiles_sample_rate` to decide.
            """

            # The corresponding transaction was not sampled,
            # so don't generate a profile for it.
            if not self.sampled:
                logger.debug(
                    "[Profiling] Discarding profile because transaction is discarded."
                )
                self.sampled = False
                return

            # The profiler hasn't been properly initialized.
            if self.scheduler is None:
                logger.debug(
                    "[Profiling] Discarding profile because profiler was not started."
                )
                self.sampled = False
                return

            client = sentry_sdk.get_client()
            if not client.is_active():
                self.sampled = False
                return

            options = client.options

            if callable(options.get("profiles_sampler")):
                sample_rate = options["profiles_sampler"](sampling_context)
            elif options["profiles_sample_rate"] is not None:
                sample_rate = options["profiles_sample_rate"]
            else:
                sample_rate = options["_experiments"].get("profiles_sample_rate")

            # The profiles_sample_rate option was not set, so profiling
            # was never enabled.
            if sample_rate is None:
                logger.debug(
                    "[Profiling] Discarding profile because profiling was not enabled."
                )
                self.sampled = False
                return

            if not is_valid_sample_rate(sample_rate, source="Profiling"):
                logger.warning(
                    "[Profiling] Discarding profile because of invalid sample rate."
                )
                self.sampled = False
                return

            # Now we roll the dice. random.random is inclusive of 0, but not of 1,
            # so strict < is safe here. In case sample_rate is a boolean, cast it
            # to a float (True becomes 1.0 and False becomes 0.0)
            self.sampled = random.random() < float(sample_rate)

            if self.sampled:
                logger.debug("[Profiling] Initializing profile")
            else:
                logger.debug(
                    "[Profiling] Discarding profile because it's not included in the random sample (sample rate = {sample_rate})".format(
                        sample_rate=float(sample_rate)
                    )
                )

        def start(self) -> None:
            if not self.sampled or self.active:
                return

            assert self.scheduler, "No scheduler specified"
            logger.debug("[Profiling] Starting profile")
            self.active = True
            if not self.start_ns:
                self.start_ns = nanosecond_time()
            self.scheduler.start_profiling(self)

        def stop(self) -> None:
            if not self.sampled or not self.active:
                return

            assert self.scheduler, "No scheduler specified"
            logger.debug("[Profiling] Stopping profile")
            self.active = False
            self.stop_ns = nanosecond_time()

        def __enter__(self) -> "Profile":
            scope = sentry_sdk.get_isolation_scope()
            old_profile = scope.profile
            scope.profile = self

            self._context_manager_state = (scope, old_profile)

            self.start()

            return self

        def __exit__(
            self, ty: "Optional[Any]", value: "Optional[Any]", tb: "Optional[Any]"
        ) -> None:
            with capture_internal_exceptions():
                self.stop()

                scope, old_profile = self._context_manager_state
                del self._context_manager_state

                scope.profile = old_profile

        def write(self, ts: int, sample: "ExtractedSample") -> None:
            if not self.active:
                return

            if ts < self.start_ns:
                return

            offset = ts - self.start_ns
            if offset > MAX_PROFILE_DURATION_NS:
                self.stop()
                return

            self.unique_samples += 1

            elapsed_since_start_ns = str(offset)

            for tid, (stack_id, frame_ids, frames) in sample:
                try:
                    # Check if the stack is indexed first, this lets us skip
                    # indexing frames if it's not necessary
                    if stack_id not in self.indexed_stacks:
                        for i, frame_id in enumerate(frame_ids):
                            if frame_id not in self.indexed_frames:
                                self.indexed_frames[frame_id] = len(self.indexed_frames)
                                self.frames.append(frames[i])

                        self.indexed_stacks[stack_id] = len(self.indexed_stacks)
                        self.stacks.append(
                            [self.indexed_frames[frame_id] for frame_id in frame_ids]
                        )

                    self.samples.append(
                        {
                            "elapsed_since_start_ns": elapsed_since_start_ns,
                            "thread_id": tid,
                            "stack_id": self.indexed_stacks[stack_id],
                        }
                    )
                except AttributeError:
                    # For some reason, the frame we get doesn't have certain attributes.
                    # When this happens, we abandon the current sample as it's bad.
                    capture_internal_exception(sys.exc_info())

        def process(self) -> "ProcessedProfile":
            # This collects the thread metadata at the end of a profile. Doing it
            # this way means that any threads that terminate before the profile ends
            # will not have any metadata associated with it.
            thread_metadata: "Dict[str, ProcessedThreadMetadata]" = {
                str(thread.ident): {
                    "name": str(thread.name),
                }
                for thread in threading.enumerate()
            }

            return {
                "frames": self.frames,
                "stacks": self.stacks,
                "samples": self.samples,
                "thread_metadata": thread_metadata,
            }

        def to_json(
            self, event_opt: "Event", options: "Dict[str, Any]"
        ) -> "Dict[str, Any]":
            profile = self.process()

            set_in_app_in_frames(
                profile["frames"],
                options["in_app_exclude"],
                options["in_app_include"],
                options["project_root"],
            )

            return {
                "environment": event_opt.get("environment"),
                "event_id": self.event_id,
                "platform": "python",
                "profile": profile,
                "release": event_opt.get("release", ""),
                "timestamp": event_opt["start_timestamp"],
                "version": "1",
                "device": {
                    "architecture": platform.machine(),
                },
                "os": {
                    "name": platform.system(),
                    "version": platform.release(),
                },
                "runtime": {
                    "name": platform.python_implementation(),
                    "version": platform.python_version(),
                },
                "transactions": [
                    {
                        "id": event_opt["event_id"],
                        "name": event_opt["transaction"],
                        # we start the transaction before the profile and this is
                        # the transaction start time relative to the profile, so we
                        # hardcode it to 0 until we can start the profile before
                        "relative_start_ns": "0",
                        # use the duration of the profile instead of the transaction
                        # because we end the transaction after the profile
                        "relative_end_ns": str(self.stop_ns - self.start_ns),
                        "trace_id": event_opt["contexts"]["trace"]["trace_id"],
                        "active_thread_id": str(
                            self._default_active_thread_id
                            if self.active_thread_id is None
                            else self.active_thread_id
                        ),
                    }
                ],
            }

        def valid(self) -> bool:
            client = sentry_sdk.get_client()
            if not client.is_active():
                return False

            if not has_profiling_enabled(client.options):
                return False

            if self.sampled is None or not self.sampled:
                if client.transport:
                    client.transport.record_lost_event(
                        "sample_rate", data_category="profile"
                    )
                return False

            if self.unique_samples < PROFILE_MINIMUM_SAMPLES:
                if client.transport:
                    client.transport.record_lost_event(
                        "insufficient_data", data_category="profile"
                    )
                logger.debug("[Profiling] Discarding profile because insufficient samples.")
                return False

            return True

        @property
        def hub(self) -> "Optional[sentry_sdk.Hub]":
            warnings.warn(
                "The `hub` attribute is deprecated. Please do not access it.",
                DeprecationWarning,
                stacklevel=2,
            )
            return self._hub

        @hub.setter
        def hub(self, value: "Optional[sentry_sdk.Hub]") -> None:
            warnings.warn(
                "The `hub` attribute is deprecated. Please do not set it.",
                DeprecationWarning,
                stacklevel=2,
            )
            self._hub = value

    class Scheduler(ABC):
        mode: "ProfilerMode" = "unknown"

        def __init__(self, frequency: int) -> None:
            self.interval = 1.0 / frequency

            self.sampler = self.make_sampler()

            # cap the number of new profiles at any time so it does not grow infinitely
            self.new_profiles: "Deque[Profile]" = deque(maxlen=128)
            self.active_profiles: "Set[Profile]" = set()

        def __enter__(self) -> "Scheduler":
            self.setup()
            return self

        def __exit__(
            self, ty: "Optional[Any]", value: "Optional[Any]", tb: "Optional[Any]"
        ) -> None:
            self.teardown()

        @abstractmethod
        def setup(self) -> None:
            pass

        @abstractmethod
        def teardown(self) -> None:
            pass

        def ensure_running(self) -> None:
            """
            Ensure the scheduler is running. By default, this method is a no-op.
            The method should be overridden by any implementation for which it is
            relevant.
            """
            return None

        def start_profiling(self, profile: "Profile") -> None:
            self.ensure_running()
            self.new_profiles.append(profile)

        def make_sampler(self) -> "Callable[..., None]":
            cwd = os.getcwd()

            cache = LRUCache(max_size=256)

            def _sample_stack(*args: "Any", **kwargs: "Any") -> None:
                """
                Take a sample of the stack on all the threads in the process.
                This should be called at a regular interval to collect samples.
                """
                # no profiles taking place, so we can stop early
                if not self.new_profiles and not self.active_profiles:
                    # make sure to clear the cache if we're not profiling so we dont
                    # keep a reference to the last stack of frames around
                    return

                # This is the number of profiles we want to pop off.
                # It's possible another thread adds a new profile to
                # the list and we spend longer than we want inside
                # the loop below.
                #
                # Also make sure to set this value before extracting
                # frames so we do not write to any new profiles that
                # were started after this point.
                new_profiles = len(self.new_profiles)

                now = nanosecond_time()

                try:
                    sample = [
                        (str(tid), extract_stack(frame, cache, cwd))
                        for tid, frame in sys._current_frames().items()
                    ]
                except AttributeError:
                    # For some reason, the frame we get doesn't have certain attributes.
                    # When this happens, we abandon the current sample as it's bad.
                    capture_internal_exception(sys.exc_info())
                    return

                # Move the new profiles into the active_profiles set.
                #
                # We cannot directly add the to active_profiles set
                # in `start_profiling` because it is called from other
                # threads which can cause a RuntimeError when it the
                # set sizes changes during iteration without a lock.
                #
                # We also want to avoid using a lock here so threads
                # that are starting profiles are not blocked until it
                # can acquire the lock.
                for _ in range(new_profiles):
                    self.active_profiles.add(self.new_profiles.popleft())

                inactive_profiles = []

                for profile in self.active_profiles:
                    if profile.active:
                        profile.write(now, sample)
                    else:
                        # If a profile is marked inactive, we buffer it
                        # to `inactive_profiles` so it can be removed.
                        # We cannot remove it here as it would result
                        # in a RuntimeError.
                        inactive_profiles.append(profile)

                for profile in inactive_profiles:
                    self.active_profiles.remove(profile)

            return _sample_stack

    class ThreadScheduler(Scheduler):
        """
        This scheduler is based on running a daemon thread that will call
        the sampler at a regular interval.
        """

        mode: "ProfilerMode" = "thread"
        name = "sentry.profiler.ThreadScheduler"

        def __init__(self, frequency: int) -> None:
            super().__init__(frequency=frequency)

            # used to signal to the thread that it should stop
            self.running = False
            self.thread: "Optional[threading.Thread]" = None
            self.pid: "Optional[int]" = None
            self.lock = threading.Lock()

        def setup(self) -> None:
            pass

        def teardown(self) -> None:
            if self.running:
                self.running = False
                if self.thread is not None:
                    self.thread.join()

        def ensure_running(self) -> None:
            """
            Check that the profiler has an active thread to run in, and start one if
            that's not the case.

            Note that this might fail (e.g. in Python 3.12 it's not possible to
            spawn new threads at interpreter shutdown). In that case self.running
            will be False after running this function.
            """
            pid = os.getpid()

            # is running on the right process
            if self.running and self.pid == pid:
                return

            with self.lock:
                # another thread may have tried to acquire the lock
                # at the same time so it may start another thread
                # make sure to check again before proceeding
                if self.running and self.pid == pid:
                    return

                self.pid = pid
                self.running = True

                # make sure the thread is a daemon here otherwise this
                # can keep the application running after other threads
                # have exited
                self.thread = threading.Thread(name=self.name, target=self.run, daemon=True)
                try:
                    self.thread.start()
                except RuntimeError:
                    # Unfortunately at this point the interpreter is in a state that no
                    # longer allows us to spawn a thread and we have to bail.
                    self.running = False
                    self.thread = None
                    return

        def run(self) -> None:
            last = time.perf_counter()

            while self.running:
                self.sampler()

                # some time may have elapsed since the last time
                # we sampled, so we need to account for that and
                # not sleep for too long
                elapsed = time.perf_counter() - last
                if elapsed < self.interval:
                    thread_sleep(self.interval - elapsed)

                # after sleeping, make sure to take the current
                # timestamp so we can use it next iteration
                last = time.perf_counter()

    class GeventScheduler(Scheduler):
        """
        This scheduler is based on the thread scheduler but adapted to work with
        gevent. When using gevent, it may monkey patch the threading modules
        (`threading` and `_thread`). This results in the use of greenlets instead
        of native threads.

        This is an issue because the sampler CANNOT run in a greenlet because
        1. Other greenlets doing sync work will prevent the sampler from running
        2. The greenlet runs in the same thread as other greenlets so when taking
           a sample, other greenlets will have been evicted from the thread. This
           results in a sample containing only the sampler's code.
        """

        mode: "ProfilerMode" = "gevent"
        name = "sentry.profiler.GeventScheduler"

        def __init__(self, frequency: int) -> None:
            if ThreadPool is None:
                raise ValueError("Profiler mode: {} is not available".format(self.mode))

            super().__init__(frequency=frequency)

            # used to signal to the thread that it should stop
            self.running = False
            self.thread: "Optional[_ThreadPool]" = None
            self.pid: "Optional[int]" = None

            # This intentionally uses the gevent patched threading.Lock.
            # The lock will be required when first trying to start profiles
            # as we need to spawn the profiler thread from the greenlets.
            self.lock = threading.Lock()

        def setup(self) -> None:
            pass

        def teardown(self) -> None:
            if self.running:
                self.running = False
                if self.thread is not None:
                    self.thread.join()

        def ensure_running(self) -> None:
            pid = os.getpid()

            # is running on the right process
            if self.running and self.pid == pid:
                return

            with self.lock:
                # another thread may have tried to acquire the lock
                # at the same time so it may start another thread
                # make sure to check again before proceeding
                if self.running and self.pid == pid:
                    return

                self.pid = pid
                self.running = True

                self.thread = ThreadPool(1)  # type: ignore[misc]
                try:
                    self.thread.spawn(self.run)
                except RuntimeError:
                    # Unfortunately at this point the interpreter is in a state that no
                    # longer allows us to spawn a thread and we have to bail.
                    self.running = False
                    self.thread = None
                    return

        def run(self) -> None:
            last = time.perf_counter()

            while self.running:
                self.sampler()

                # some time may have elapsed since the last time
                # we sampled, so we need to account for that and
                # not sleep for too long
                elapsed = time.perf_counter() - last
                if elapsed < self.interval:
                    thread_sleep(self.interval - elapsed)

                # after sleeping, make sure to take the current
                # timestamp so we can use it next iteration
                last = time.perf_counter()