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    //! Defines the `IntoIter` owned iterator for arrays.

    use crate::{
        fmt,
        iter::{ExactSizeIterator, FusedIterator, TrustedLen},
        mem::{self, MaybeUninit},
        ops::Range,
        ptr,
    };

    /// A by-value [array] iterator.
    ///
    /// [array]: ../../std/primitive.array.html
    #[stable(feature = "array_value_iter", since = "1.51.0")]
    pub struct IntoIter<T, const N: usize> {
        /// This is the array we are iterating over.
        ///
        /// Elements with index `i` where `alive.start <= i < alive.end` have not
        /// been yielded yet and are valid array entries. Elements with indices `i
        /// < alive.start` or `i >= alive.end` have been yielded already and must
        /// not be accessed anymore! Those dead elements might even be in a
        /// completely uninitialized state!
        ///
        /// So the invariants are:
        /// - `data[alive]` is alive (i.e. contains valid elements)
        /// - `data[..alive.start]` and `data[alive.end..]` are dead (i.e. the
        ///   elements were already read and must not be touched anymore!)
        data: [MaybeUninit<T>; N],

        /// The elements in `data` that have not been yielded yet.
        ///
        /// Invariants:
        /// - `alive.start <= alive.end`
        /// - `alive.end <= N`
        alive: Range<usize>,
    }

    impl<T, const N: usize> IntoIter<T, N> {
        /// Creates a new iterator over the given `array`.
        ///
        /// *Note*: this method might be deprecated in the future,
        /// after [`IntoIterator` is implemented for arrays][array-into-iter].
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::array;
        ///
        /// for value in array::IntoIter::new([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) {
        ///     // The type of `value` is a `i32` here, instead of `&i32`
        ///     let _: i32 = value;
        /// }
        /// ```
        /// [array-into-iter]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/65819
        #[stable(feature = "array_value_iter", since = "1.51.0")]
        pub fn new(array: [T; N]) -> Self {
            // SAFETY: The transmute here is actually safe. The docs of `MaybeUninit`
            // promise:
            //
            // > `MaybeUninit<T>` is guaranteed to have the same size and alignment
            // > as `T`.
            //
            // The docs even show a transmute from an array of `MaybeUninit<T>` to
            // an array of `T`.
            //
            // With that, this initialization satisfies the invariants.

            // FIXME(LukasKalbertodt): actually use `mem::transmute` here, once it
            // works with const generics:
            //     `mem::transmute::<[T; N], [MaybeUninit<T>; N]>(array)`
            //
            // Until then, we can use `mem::transmute_copy` to create a bitwise copy
            // as a different type, then forget `array` so that it is not dropped.
            unsafe {
                let iter = Self { data: mem::transmute_copy(&array), alive: 0..N };
                mem::forget(array);
                iter
            }
        }

        /// Returns an immutable slice of all elements that have not been yielded
        /// yet.
        #[stable(feature = "array_value_iter", since = "1.51.0")]
        pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[T] {
            // SAFETY: We know that all elements within `alive` are properly initialized.
            unsafe {
                let slice = self.data.get_unchecked(self.alive.clone());
                MaybeUninit::slice_assume_init_ref(slice)
            }
        }

        /// Returns a mutable slice of all elements that have not been yielded yet.
        #[stable(feature = "array_value_iter", since = "1.51.0")]
        pub fn as_mut_slice(&mut self) -> &mut [T] {
            // SAFETY: We know that all elements within `alive` are properly initialized.
            unsafe {
                let slice = self.data.get_unchecked_mut(self.alive.clone());
                MaybeUninit::slice_assume_init_mut(slice)
            }
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "array_value_iter_impls", since = "1.40.0")]
    impl<T, const N: usize> Iterator for IntoIter<T, N> {
        type Item = T;
        fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
            // Get the next index from the front.
            //
            // Increasing `alive.start` by 1 maintains the invariant regarding
            // `alive`. However, due to this change, for a short time, the alive
            // zone is not `data[alive]` anymore, but `data[idx..alive.end]`.
            self.alive.next().map(|idx| {
                // Read the element from the array.
                // SAFETY: `idx` is an index into the former "alive" region of the
                // array. Reading this element means that `data[idx]` is regarded as
                // dead now (i.e. do not touch). As `idx` was the start of the
                // alive-zone, the alive zone is now `data[alive]` again, restoring
                // all invariants.
                unsafe { self.data.get_unchecked(idx).assume_init_read() }
            })
        }

        fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
            let len = self.len();
            (len, Some(len))
        }

        fn count(self) -> usize {
            self.len()
        }

        fn last(mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
            self.next_back()
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "array_value_iter_impls", since = "1.40.0")]
    impl<T, const N: usize> DoubleEndedIterator for IntoIter<T, N> {
        fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
            // Get the next index from the back.
            //
            // Decreasing `alive.end` by 1 maintains the invariant regarding
            // `alive`. However, due to this change, for a short time, the alive
            // zone is not `data[alive]` anymore, but `data[alive.start..=idx]`.
            self.alive.next_back().map(|idx| {
                // Read the element from the array.
                // SAFETY: `idx` is an index into the former "alive" region of the
                // array. Reading this element means that `data[idx]` is regarded as
                // dead now (i.e. do not touch). As `idx` was the end of the
                // alive-zone, the alive zone is now `data[alive]` again, restoring
                // all invariants.
                unsafe { self.data.get_unchecked(idx).assume_init_read() }
            })
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "array_value_iter_impls", since = "1.40.0")]
    impl<T, const N: usize> Drop for IntoIter<T, N> {
        fn drop(&mut self) {
            // SAFETY: This is safe: `as_mut_slice` returns exactly the sub-slice
            // of elements that have not been moved out yet and that remain
            // to be dropped.
            unsafe { ptr::drop_in_place(self.as_mut_slice()) }
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "array_value_iter_impls", since = "1.40.0")]
    impl<T, const N: usize> ExactSizeIterator for IntoIter<T, N> {
        fn len(&self) -> usize {
            // Will never underflow due to the invariant `alive.start <=
            // alive.end`.
            self.alive.end - self.alive.start
        }
        fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
            self.alive.is_empty()
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "array_value_iter_impls", since = "1.40.0")]
    impl<T, const N: usize> FusedIterator for IntoIter<T, N> {}

    // The iterator indeed reports the correct length. The number of "alive"
    // elements (that will still be yielded) is the length of the range `alive`.
    // This range is decremented in length in either `next` or `next_back`. It is
    // always decremented by 1 in those methods, but only if `Some(_)` is returned.
    #[stable(feature = "array_value_iter_impls", since = "1.40.0")]
    unsafe impl<T, const N: usize> TrustedLen for IntoIter<T, N> {}

    #[stable(feature = "array_value_iter_impls", since = "1.40.0")]
    impl<T: Clone, const N: usize> Clone for IntoIter<T, N> {
        fn clone(&self) -> Self {
            // Note, we don't really need to match the exact same alive range, so
            // we can just clone into offset 0 regardless of where `self` is.
            let mut new = Self { data: MaybeUninit::uninit_array(), alive: 0..0 };

            // Clone all alive elements.
            for (src, dst) in self.as_slice().iter().zip(&mut new.data) {
                // Write a clone into the new array, then update its alive range.
                // If cloning panics, we'll correctly drop the previous items.
                dst.write(src.clone());
                new.alive.end += 1;
            }

            new
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "array_value_iter_impls", since = "1.40.0")]
    impl<T: fmt::Debug, const N: usize> fmt::Debug for IntoIter<T, N> {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
            // Only print the elements that were not yielded yet: we cannot
            // access the yielded elements anymore.
            f.debug_tuple("IntoIter").field(&self.as_slice()).finish()
        }
    }