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    use annotate_snippets::{Level, Snippet};
    use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet};
    use std::ffi::OsStr;
    use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
    use std::rc::Rc;
    use std::str::{self, FromStr};

    use crate::core::summary::MissingDependencyError;
    use crate::AlreadyPrintedError;
    use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context as _};
    use cargo_platform::Platform;
    use cargo_util::paths::{self, normalize_path};
    use cargo_util_schemas::manifest::{
        self, PackageName, PathBaseName, TomlDependency, TomlDetailedDependency, TomlManifest,
    };
    use cargo_util_schemas::manifest::{RustVersion, StringOrBool};
    use itertools::Itertools;
    use lazycell::LazyCell;
    use pathdiff::diff_paths;
    use toml_edit::ImDocument;
    use url::Url;

    use crate::core::compiler::{CompileKind, CompileTarget};
    use crate::core::dependency::{Artifact, ArtifactTarget, DepKind};
    use crate::core::manifest::{ManifestMetadata, TargetSourcePath};
    use crate::core::resolver::ResolveBehavior;
    use crate::core::FeatureValue::Dep;
    use crate::core::{find_workspace_root, resolve_relative_path, CliUnstable, FeatureValue};
    use crate::core::{Dependency, Manifest, Package, PackageId, Summary, Target};
    use crate::core::{Edition, EitherManifest, Feature, Features, VirtualManifest, Workspace};
    use crate::core::{GitReference, PackageIdSpec, SourceId, WorkspaceConfig, WorkspaceRootConfig};
    use crate::sources::{CRATES_IO_INDEX, CRATES_IO_REGISTRY};
    use crate::util::errors::{CargoResult, ManifestError};
    use crate::util::interning::InternedString;
    use crate::util::lints::{get_span, rel_cwd_manifest_path};
    use crate::util::{self, context::ConfigRelativePath, GlobalContext, IntoUrl, OptVersionReq};

    mod embedded;
    mod targets;

    use self::targets::to_targets;

    /// See also `bin/cargo/commands/run.rs`s `is_manifest_command`
    pub fn is_embedded(path: &Path) -> bool {
        let ext = path.extension();
        ext == Some(OsStr::new("rs")) ||
            // Provide better errors by not considering directories to be embedded manifests
            (ext.is_none() && path.is_file())
    }

    /// Loads a `Cargo.toml` from a file on disk.
    ///
    /// This could result in a real or virtual manifest being returned.
    ///
    /// A list of nested paths is also returned, one for each path dependency
    /// within the manifest. For virtual manifests, these paths can only
    /// come from patched or replaced dependencies. These paths are not
    /// canonicalized.
    #[tracing::instrument(skip(gctx))]
    pub fn read_manifest(
        path: &Path,
        source_id: SourceId,
        gctx: &GlobalContext,
    ) -> CargoResult<EitherManifest> {
        let mut warnings = Default::default();
        let mut errors = Default::default();

        let contents =
            read_toml_string(path, gctx).map_err(|err| ManifestError::new(err, path.into()))?;
        let document =
            parse_document(&contents).map_err(|e| emit_diagnostic(e.into(), &contents, path, gctx))?;
        let original_toml = deserialize_toml(&document)
            .map_err(|e| emit_diagnostic(e.into(), &contents, path, gctx))?;

        let mut manifest = (|| {
            let empty = Vec::new();
            let cargo_features = original_toml.cargo_features.as_ref().unwrap_or(&empty);
            let features = Features::new(cargo_features, gctx, &mut warnings, source_id.is_path())?;
            let workspace_config = to_workspace_config(&original_toml, path, gctx, &mut warnings)?;
            if let WorkspaceConfig::Root(ws_root_config) = &workspace_config {
                let package_root = path.parent().unwrap();
                gctx.ws_roots
                    .borrow_mut()
                    .insert(package_root.to_owned(), ws_root_config.clone());
            }
            let normalized_toml = normalize_toml(
                &original_toml,
                &features,
                &workspace_config,
                path,
                gctx,
                &mut warnings,
                &mut errors,
            )?;

            if normalized_toml.package().is_some() {
                to_real_manifest(
                    contents,
                    document,
                    original_toml,
                    normalized_toml,
                    features,
                    workspace_config,
                    source_id,
                    path,
                    gctx,
                    &mut warnings,
                    &mut errors,
                )
                .map(EitherManifest::Real)
            } else if normalized_toml.workspace.is_some() {
                to_virtual_manifest(
                    contents,
                    document,
                    original_toml,
                    normalized_toml,
                    features,
                    workspace_config,
                    source_id,
                    path,
                    gctx,
                    &mut warnings,
                    &mut errors,
                )
                .map(EitherManifest::Virtual)
            } else {
                anyhow::bail!("manifest is missing either a `[package]` or a `[workspace]`")
            }
        })()
        .map_err(|err| {
            ManifestError::new(
                err.context(format!("failed to parse manifest at `{}`", path.display())),
                path.into(),
            )
        })?;

        for warning in warnings {
            manifest.warnings_mut().add_warning(warning);
        }
        for error in errors {
            manifest.warnings_mut().add_critical_warning(error);
        }

        Ok(manifest)
    }

    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
    fn read_toml_string(path: &Path, gctx: &GlobalContext) -> CargoResult<String> {
        let mut contents = paths::read(path)?;
        if is_embedded(path) {
            if !gctx.cli_unstable().script {
                anyhow::bail!("parsing `{}` requires `-Zscript`", path.display());
            }
            contents = embedded::expand_manifest(&contents, path, gctx)?;
        }
        Ok(contents)
    }

    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
    fn parse_document(contents: &str) -> Result<toml_edit::ImDocument<String>, toml_edit::de::Error> {
        toml_edit::ImDocument::parse(contents.to_owned()).map_err(Into::into)
    }

    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
    fn deserialize_toml(
        document: &toml_edit::ImDocument<String>,
    ) -> Result<manifest::TomlManifest, toml_edit::de::Error> {
        let mut unused = BTreeSet::new();
        let deserializer = toml_edit::de::Deserializer::from(document.clone());
        let mut document: manifest::TomlManifest = serde_ignored::deserialize(deserializer, |path| {
            let mut key = String::new();
            stringify(&mut key, &path);
            unused.insert(key);
        })?;
        document._unused_keys = unused;
        Ok(document)
    }

    fn stringify(dst: &mut String, path: &serde_ignored::Path<'_>) {
        use serde_ignored::Path;

        match *path {
            Path::Root => {}
            Path::Seq { parent, index } => {
                stringify(dst, parent);
                if !dst.is_empty() {
                    dst.push('.');
                }
                dst.push_str(&index.to_string());
            }
            Path::Map { parent, ref key } => {
                stringify(dst, parent);
                if !dst.is_empty() {
                    dst.push('.');
                }
                dst.push_str(key);
            }
            Path::Some { parent }
            | Path::NewtypeVariant { parent }
            | Path::NewtypeStruct { parent } => stringify(dst, parent),
        }
    }

    fn to_workspace_config(
        original_toml: &manifest::TomlManifest,
        manifest_file: &Path,
        gctx: &GlobalContext,
        warnings: &mut Vec<String>,
    ) -> CargoResult<WorkspaceConfig> {
        let workspace_config = match (
            original_toml.workspace.as_ref(),
            original_toml.package().and_then(|p| p.workspace.as_ref()),
        ) {
            (Some(toml_config), None) => {
                verify_lints(toml_config.lints.as_ref(), gctx, warnings)?;
                if let Some(ws_deps) = &toml_config.dependencies {
                    for (name, dep) in ws_deps {
                        if dep.is_optional() {
                            bail!("{name} is optional, but workspace dependencies cannot be optional",);
                        }
                        if dep.is_public() {
                            bail!("{name} is public, but workspace dependencies cannot be public",);
                        }
                    }

                    for (name, dep) in ws_deps {
                        unused_dep_keys(name, "workspace.dependencies", dep.unused_keys(), warnings);
                    }
                }
                let ws_root_config = to_workspace_root_config(toml_config, manifest_file);
                WorkspaceConfig::Root(ws_root_config)
            }
            (None, root) => WorkspaceConfig::Member {
                root: root.cloned(),
            },
            (Some(..), Some(..)) => bail!(
                "cannot configure both `package.workspace` and \
                     `[workspace]`, only one can be specified"
            ),
        };
        Ok(workspace_config)
    }

    fn to_workspace_root_config(
        normalized_toml: &manifest::TomlWorkspace,
        manifest_file: &Path,
    ) -> WorkspaceRootConfig {
        let package_root = manifest_file.parent().unwrap();
        let inheritable = InheritableFields {
            package: normalized_toml.package.clone(),
            dependencies: normalized_toml.dependencies.clone(),
            lints: normalized_toml.lints.clone(),
            _ws_root: package_root.to_owned(),
        };
        let ws_root_config = WorkspaceRootConfig::new(
            package_root,
            &normalized_toml.members,
            &normalized_toml.default_members,
            &normalized_toml.exclude,
            &Some(inheritable),
            &normalized_toml.metadata,
        );
        ws_root_config
    }

    /// See [`Manifest::normalized_toml`] for more details
    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
    fn normalize_toml(
        original_toml: &manifest::TomlManifest,
        features: &Features,
        workspace_config: &WorkspaceConfig,
        manifest_file: &Path,
        gctx: &GlobalContext,
        warnings: &mut Vec<String>,
        errors: &mut Vec<String>,
    ) -> CargoResult<manifest::TomlManifest> {
        if let Some(workspace) = &original_toml.workspace {
            if workspace.resolver.as_deref() == Some("3") {
                features.require(Feature::edition2024())?;
            }
        }

        let mut normalized_toml = manifest::TomlManifest {
            cargo_features: original_toml.cargo_features.clone(),
            package: None,
            project: None,
            profile: original_toml.profile.clone(),
            lib: None,
            bin: None,
            example: None,
            test: None,
            bench: None,
            dependencies: None,
            dev_dependencies: None,
            dev_dependencies2: None,
            build_dependencies: None,
            build_dependencies2: None,
            features: None,
            target: None,
            replace: original_toml.replace.clone(),
            patch: None,
            workspace: original_toml.workspace.clone(),
            badges: None,
            lints: None,
            _unused_keys: Default::default(),
        };

        let package_root = manifest_file.parent().unwrap();

        let inherit_cell: LazyCell<InheritableFields> = LazyCell::new();
        let inherit = || {
            inherit_cell
                .try_borrow_with(|| load_inheritable_fields(gctx, manifest_file, &workspace_config))
        };
        let workspace_root = || inherit().map(|fields| fields.ws_root());

        if let Some(original_package) = original_toml.package() {
            let package_name = &original_package.name;

            let normalized_package =
                normalize_package_toml(original_package, features, package_root, &inherit)?;
            let edition = normalized_package
                .normalized_edition()
                .expect("previously normalized")
                .map_or(Edition::default(), |e| {
                    Edition::from_str(&e).unwrap_or_default()
                });
            normalized_toml.package = Some(normalized_package);

            normalized_toml.features = normalize_features(original_toml.features.as_ref())?;

            normalized_toml.lib = targets::normalize_lib(
                original_toml.lib.as_ref(),
                package_root,
                &original_package.name,
                edition,
                warnings,
            )?;
            normalized_toml.bin = Some(targets::normalize_bins(
                original_toml.bin.as_ref(),
                package_root,
                &original_package.name,
                edition,
                original_package.autobins,
                warnings,
                errors,
                normalized_toml.lib.is_some(),
            )?);
            normalized_toml.example = Some(targets::normalize_examples(
                original_toml.example.as_ref(),
                package_root,
                edition,
                original_package.autoexamples,
                warnings,
                errors,
            )?);
            normalized_toml.test = Some(targets::normalize_tests(
                original_toml.test.as_ref(),
                package_root,
                edition,
                original_package.autotests,
                warnings,
                errors,
            )?);
            normalized_toml.bench = Some(targets::normalize_benches(
                original_toml.bench.as_ref(),
                package_root,
                edition,
                original_package.autobenches,
                warnings,
                errors,
            )?);

            let activated_opt_deps = normalized_toml
                .features
                .as_ref()
                .map(|map| {
                    map.values()
                        .flatten()
                        .filter_map(|f| match FeatureValue::new(InternedString::new(f)) {
                            Dep { dep_name } => Some(dep_name.as_str()),
                            _ => None,
                        })
                        .collect::<HashSet<_>>()
                })
                .unwrap_or_default();

            normalized_toml.dependencies = normalize_dependencies(
                gctx,
                edition,
                &features,
                original_toml.dependencies.as_ref(),
                &activated_opt_deps,
                None,
                &inherit,
                &workspace_root,
                package_root,
                warnings,
            )?;
            deprecated_underscore(
                &original_toml.dev_dependencies2,
                &original_toml.dev_dependencies,
                "dev-dependencies",
                package_name,
                "package",
                edition,
                warnings,
            )?;
            normalized_toml.dev_dependencies = normalize_dependencies(
                gctx,
                edition,
                &features,
                original_toml.dev_dependencies(),
                &activated_opt_deps,
                Some(DepKind::Development),
                &inherit,
                &workspace_root,
                package_root,
                warnings,
            )?;
            deprecated_underscore(
                &original_toml.build_dependencies2,
                &original_toml.build_dependencies,
                "build-dependencies",
                package_name,
                "package",
                edition,
                warnings,
            )?;
            normalized_toml.build_dependencies = normalize_dependencies(
                gctx,
                edition,
                &features,
                original_toml.build_dependencies(),
                &activated_opt_deps,
                Some(DepKind::Build),
                &inherit,
                &workspace_root,
                package_root,
                warnings,
            )?;
            let mut normalized_target = BTreeMap::new();
            for (name, platform) in original_toml.target.iter().flatten() {
                let normalized_dependencies = normalize_dependencies(
                    gctx,
                    edition,
                    &features,
                    platform.dependencies.as_ref(),
                    &activated_opt_deps,
                    None,
                    &inherit,
                    &workspace_root,
                    package_root,
                    warnings,
                )?;
                deprecated_underscore(
                    &platform.dev_dependencies2,
                    &platform.dev_dependencies,
                    "dev-dependencies",
                    name,
                    "platform target",
                    edition,
                    warnings,
                )?;
                let normalized_dev_dependencies = normalize_dependencies(
                    gctx,
                    edition,
                    &features,
                    platform.dev_dependencies(),
                    &activated_opt_deps,
                    Some(DepKind::Development),
                    &inherit,
                    &workspace_root,
                    package_root,
                    warnings,
                )?;
                deprecated_underscore(
                    &platform.build_dependencies2,
                    &platform.build_dependencies,
                    "build-dependencies",
                    name,
                    "platform target",
                    edition,
                    warnings,
                )?;
                let normalized_build_dependencies = normalize_dependencies(
                    gctx,
                    edition,
                    &features,
                    platform.build_dependencies(),
                    &activated_opt_deps,
                    Some(DepKind::Build),
                    &inherit,
                    &workspace_root,
                    package_root,
                    warnings,
                )?;
                normalized_target.insert(
                    name.clone(),
                    manifest::TomlPlatform {
                        dependencies: normalized_dependencies,
                        build_dependencies: normalized_build_dependencies,
                        build_dependencies2: None,
                        dev_dependencies: normalized_dev_dependencies,
                        dev_dependencies2: None,
                    },
                );
            }
            normalized_toml.target = (!normalized_target.is_empty()).then_some(normalized_target);

            normalized_toml.patch = normalize_patch(
                gctx,
                original_toml.patch.as_ref(),
                &workspace_root,
                features,
            )?;

            let normalized_lints = original_toml
                .lints
                .clone()
                .map(|value| lints_inherit_with(value, || inherit()?.lints()))
                .transpose()?;
            normalized_toml.lints = normalized_lints.map(|lints| manifest::InheritableLints {
                workspace: false,
                lints,
            });

            normalized_toml.badges = original_toml.badges.clone();
        } else {
            for field in original_toml.requires_package() {
                bail!("this virtual manifest specifies a `{field}` section, which is not allowed");
            }
        }

        Ok(normalized_toml)
    }

    fn normalize_patch<'a>(
        gctx: &GlobalContext,
        original_patch: Option<&BTreeMap<String, BTreeMap<PackageName, TomlDependency>>>,
        workspace_root: &dyn Fn() -> CargoResult<&'a PathBuf>,
        features: &Features,
    ) -> CargoResult<Option<BTreeMap<String, BTreeMap<PackageName, TomlDependency>>>> {
        if let Some(patch) = original_patch {
            let mut normalized_patch = BTreeMap::new();
            for (name, packages) in patch {
                let mut normalized_packages = BTreeMap::new();
                for (pkg, dep) in packages {
                    let dep = if let TomlDependency::Detailed(dep) = dep {
                        let mut dep = dep.clone();
                        normalize_path_dependency(gctx, &mut dep, workspace_root, features)
                            .with_context(|| {
                                format!("resolving path for patch of ({pkg}) for source ({name})")
                            })?;
                        TomlDependency::Detailed(dep)
                    } else {
                        dep.clone()
                    };
                    normalized_packages.insert(pkg.clone(), dep);
                }
                normalized_patch.insert(name.clone(), normalized_packages);
            }
            Ok(Some(normalized_patch))
        } else {
            Ok(None)
        }
    }

    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
    fn normalize_package_toml<'a>(
        original_package: &manifest::TomlPackage,
        features: &Features,
        package_root: &Path,
        inherit: &dyn Fn() -> CargoResult<&'a InheritableFields>,
    ) -> CargoResult<Box<manifest::TomlPackage>> {
        let normalized_package = manifest::TomlPackage {
            edition: original_package
                .edition
                .clone()
                .map(|value| field_inherit_with(value, "edition", || inherit()?.edition()))
                .transpose()?
                .map(manifest::InheritableField::Value),
            rust_version: original_package
                .rust_version
                .clone()
                .map(|value| field_inherit_with(value, "rust-version", || inherit()?.rust_version()))
                .transpose()?
                .map(manifest::InheritableField::Value),
            name: original_package.name.clone(),
            version: original_package
                .version
                .clone()
                .map(|value| field_inherit_with(value, "version", || inherit()?.version()))
                .transpose()?
                .map(manifest::InheritableField::Value),
            authors: original_package
                .authors
                .clone()
                .map(|value| field_inherit_with(value, "authors", || inherit()?.authors()))
                .transpose()?
                .map(manifest::InheritableField::Value),
            build: targets::normalize_build(original_package.build.as_ref(), package_root),
            metabuild: original_package.metabuild.clone(),
            default_target: original_package.default_target.clone(),
            forced_target: original_package.forced_target.clone(),
            links: original_package.links.clone(),
            exclude: original_package
                .exclude
                .clone()
                .map(|value| field_inherit_with(value, "exclude", || inherit()?.exclude()))
                .transpose()?
                .map(manifest::InheritableField::Value),
            include: original_package
                .include
                .clone()
                .map(|value| field_inherit_with(value, "include", || inherit()?.include()))
                .transpose()?
                .map(manifest::InheritableField::Value),
            publish: original_package
                .publish
                .clone()
                .map(|value| field_inherit_with(value, "publish", || inherit()?.publish()))
                .transpose()?
                .map(manifest::InheritableField::Value),
            workspace: original_package.workspace.clone(),
            im_a_teapot: original_package.im_a_teapot.clone(),
            autobins: Some(false),
            autoexamples: Some(false),
            autotests: Some(false),
            autobenches: Some(false),
            default_run: original_package.default_run.clone(),
            description: original_package
                .description
                .clone()
                .map(|value| field_inherit_with(value, "description", || inherit()?.description()))
                .transpose()?
                .map(manifest::InheritableField::Value),
            homepage: original_package
                .homepage
                .clone()
                .map(|value| field_inherit_with(value, "homepage", || inherit()?.homepage()))
                .transpose()?
                .map(manifest::InheritableField::Value),
            documentation: original_package
                .documentation
                .clone()
                .map(|value| field_inherit_with(value, "documentation", || inherit()?.documentation()))
                .transpose()?
                .map(manifest::InheritableField::Value),
            readme: normalize_package_readme(
                package_root,
                original_package
                    .readme
                    .clone()
                    .map(|value| {
                        field_inherit_with(value, "readme", || inherit()?.readme(package_root))
                    })
                    .transpose()?
                    .as_ref(),
            )
            .map(|s| manifest::InheritableField::Value(StringOrBool::String(s)))
            .or(Some(manifest::InheritableField::Value(StringOrBool::Bool(
                false,
            )))),
            keywords: original_package
                .keywords
                .clone()
                .map(|value| field_inherit_with(value, "keywords", || inherit()?.keywords()))
                .transpose()?
                .map(manifest::InheritableField::Value),
            categories: original_package
                .categories
                .clone()
                .map(|value| field_inherit_with(value, "categories", || inherit()?.categories()))
                .transpose()?
                .map(manifest::InheritableField::Value),
            license: original_package
                .license
                .clone()
                .map(|value| field_inherit_with(value, "license", || inherit()?.license()))
                .transpose()?
                .map(manifest::InheritableField::Value),
            license_file: original_package
                .license_file
                .clone()
                .map(|value| {
                    field_inherit_with(value, "license-file", || {
                        inherit()?.license_file(package_root)
                    })
                })
                .transpose()?
                .map(manifest::InheritableField::Value),
            repository: original_package
                .repository
                .clone()
                .map(|value| field_inherit_with(value, "repository", || inherit()?.repository()))
                .transpose()?
                .map(manifest::InheritableField::Value),
            resolver: original_package.resolver.clone(),
            metadata: original_package.metadata.clone(),
            _invalid_cargo_features: Default::default(),
        };

        if normalized_package.resolver.as_deref() == Some("3") {
            features.require(Feature::edition2024())?;
        }

        Ok(Box::new(normalized_package))
    }

    /// Returns the name of the README file for a [`manifest::TomlPackage`].
    fn normalize_package_readme(
        package_root: &Path,
        readme: Option<&manifest::StringOrBool>,
    ) -> Option<String> {
        match &readme {
            None => default_readme_from_package_root(package_root),
            Some(value) => match value {
                manifest::StringOrBool::Bool(false) => None,
                manifest::StringOrBool::Bool(true) => Some("README.md".to_string()),
                manifest::StringOrBool::String(v) => Some(v.clone()),
            },
        }
    }

    const DEFAULT_README_FILES: [&str; 3] = ["README.md", "README.txt", "README"];

    /// Checks if a file with any of the default README file names exists in the package root.
    /// If so, returns a `String` representing that name.
    fn default_readme_from_package_root(package_root: &Path) -> Option<String> {
        for &readme_filename in DEFAULT_README_FILES.iter() {
            if package_root.join(readme_filename).is_file() {
                return Some(readme_filename.to_string());
            }
        }

        None
    }

    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
    fn normalize_features(
        original_features: Option<&BTreeMap<manifest::FeatureName, Vec<String>>>,
    ) -> CargoResult<Option<BTreeMap<manifest::FeatureName, Vec<String>>>> {
        let Some(normalized_features) = original_features.cloned() else {
            return Ok(None);
        };

        Ok(Some(normalized_features))
    }

    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
    fn normalize_dependencies<'a>(
        gctx: &GlobalContext,
        edition: Edition,
        features: &Features,
        orig_deps: Option<&BTreeMap<manifest::PackageName, manifest::InheritableDependency>>,
        activated_opt_deps: &HashSet<&str>,
        kind: Option<DepKind>,
        inherit: &dyn Fn() -> CargoResult<&'a InheritableFields>,
        workspace_root: &dyn Fn() -> CargoResult<&'a PathBuf>,
        package_root: &Path,
        warnings: &mut Vec<String>,
    ) -> CargoResult<Option<BTreeMap<manifest::PackageName, manifest::InheritableDependency>>> {
        let Some(dependencies) = orig_deps else {
            return Ok(None);
        };

        let mut deps = BTreeMap::new();
        for (name_in_toml, v) in dependencies.iter() {
            let mut resolved = dependency_inherit_with(
                v.clone(),
                name_in_toml,
                inherit,
                package_root,
                edition,
                warnings,
            )?;
            if let manifest::TomlDependency::Detailed(ref mut d) = resolved {
                deprecated_underscore(
                    &d.default_features2,
                    &d.default_features,
                    "default-features",
                    name_in_toml,
                    "dependency",
                    edition,
                    warnings,
                )?;
                if d.public.is_some() {
                    let public_feature = features.require(Feature::public_dependency());
                    let with_public_feature = public_feature.is_ok();
                    let with_z_public = gctx.cli_unstable().public_dependency;
                    if !with_public_feature && (!with_z_public && !gctx.nightly_features_allowed) {
                        public_feature?;
                    }
                    if matches!(kind, None) {
                        if !with_public_feature && !with_z_public {
                            d.public = None;
                            warnings.push(format!(
                                "ignoring `public` on dependency {name_in_toml}, pass `-Zpublic-dependency` to enable support for it"
                            ))
                        }
                    } else {
                        let kind_name = match kind {
                            Some(k) => k.kind_table(),
                            None => "dependencies",
                        };
                        let hint = format!(
                            "'public' specifier can only be used on regular dependencies, not {kind_name}",
                        );
                        if with_public_feature || with_z_public {
                            bail!(hint)
                        } else {
                            // If public feature isn't enabled in nightly, we instead warn that.
                            warnings.push(hint);
                            d.public = None;
                        }
                    }
                }
                normalize_path_dependency(gctx, d, workspace_root, features)
                    .with_context(|| format!("resolving path dependency {name_in_toml}"))?;
            }

            // if the dependency is not optional, it is always used
            // if the dependency is optional and activated, it is used
            // if the dependency is optional and not activated, it is not used
            let is_dep_activated =
                !resolved.is_optional() || activated_opt_deps.contains(name_in_toml.as_str());
            // If the edition is less than 2024, we don't need to check for unused optional dependencies
            if edition < Edition::Edition2024 || is_dep_activated {
                deps.insert(
                    name_in_toml.clone(),
                    manifest::InheritableDependency::Value(resolved.clone()),
                );
            }
        }
        Ok(Some(deps))
    }

    fn normalize_path_dependency<'a>(
        gctx: &GlobalContext,
        detailed_dep: &mut TomlDetailedDependency,
        workspace_root: &dyn Fn() -> CargoResult<&'a PathBuf>,
        features: &Features,
    ) -> CargoResult<()> {
        if let Some(base) = detailed_dep.base.take() {
            if let Some(path) = detailed_dep.path.as_mut() {
                let new_path = lookup_path_base(&base, gctx, workspace_root, features)?.join(&path);
                *path = new_path.to_str().unwrap().to_string();
            } else {
                bail!("`base` can only be used with path dependencies");
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn load_inheritable_fields(
        gctx: &GlobalContext,
        normalized_path: &Path,
        workspace_config: &WorkspaceConfig,
    ) -> CargoResult<InheritableFields> {
        match workspace_config {
            WorkspaceConfig::Root(root) => Ok(root.inheritable().clone()),
            WorkspaceConfig::Member {
                root: Some(ref path_to_root),
            } => {
                let path = normalized_path
                    .parent()
                    .unwrap()
                    .join(path_to_root)
                    .join("Cargo.toml");
                let root_path = paths::normalize_path(&path);
                inheritable_from_path(gctx, root_path)
            }
            WorkspaceConfig::Member { root: None } => {
                match find_workspace_root(&normalized_path, gctx)? {
                    Some(path_to_root) => inheritable_from_path(gctx, path_to_root),
                    None => Err(anyhow!("failed to find a workspace root")),
                }
            }
        }
    }

    fn inheritable_from_path(
        gctx: &GlobalContext,
        workspace_path: PathBuf,
    ) -> CargoResult<InheritableFields> {
        // Workspace path should have Cargo.toml at the end
        let workspace_path_root = workspace_path.parent().unwrap();

        // Let the borrow exit scope so that it can be picked up if there is a need to
        // read a manifest
        if let Some(ws_root) = gctx.ws_roots.borrow().get(workspace_path_root) {
            return Ok(ws_root.inheritable().clone());
        };

        let source_id = SourceId::for_path(workspace_path_root)?;
        let man = read_manifest(&workspace_path, source_id, gctx)?;
        match man.workspace_config() {
            WorkspaceConfig::Root(root) => {
                gctx.ws_roots
                    .borrow_mut()
                    .insert(workspace_path, root.clone());
                Ok(root.inheritable().clone())
            }
            _ => bail!(
                "root of a workspace inferred but wasn't a root: {}",
                workspace_path.display()
            ),
        }
    }

    /// Defines simple getter methods for inheritable fields.
    macro_rules! package_field_getter {
        ( $(($key:literal, $field:ident -> $ret:ty),)* ) => (
            $(
                #[doc = concat!("Gets the field `workspace.package", $key, "`.")]
                fn $field(&self) -> CargoResult<$ret> {
                    let Some(val) = self.package.as_ref().and_then(|p| p.$field.as_ref()) else  {
                        bail!("`workspace.package.{}` was not defined", $key);
                    };
                    Ok(val.clone())
                }
            )*
        )
    }

    /// A group of fields that are inheritable by members of the workspace
    #[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
    pub struct InheritableFields {
        package: Option<manifest::InheritablePackage>,
        dependencies: Option<BTreeMap<manifest::PackageName, manifest::TomlDependency>>,
        lints: Option<manifest::TomlLints>,

        // Bookkeeping to help when resolving values from above
        _ws_root: PathBuf,
    }

    impl InheritableFields {
        package_field_getter! {
            // Please keep this list lexicographically ordered.
            ("authors",       authors       -> Vec<String>),
            ("categories",    categories    -> Vec<String>),
            ("description",   description   -> String),
            ("documentation", documentation -> String),
            ("edition",       edition       -> String),
            ("exclude",       exclude       -> Vec<String>),
            ("homepage",      homepage      -> String),
            ("include",       include       -> Vec<String>),
            ("keywords",      keywords      -> Vec<String>),
            ("license",       license       -> String),
            ("publish",       publish       -> manifest::VecStringOrBool),
            ("repository",    repository    -> String),
            ("rust-version",  rust_version  -> RustVersion),
            ("version",       version       -> semver::Version),
        }

        /// Gets a workspace dependency with the `name`.
        fn get_dependency(
            &self,
            name: &str,
            package_root: &Path,
        ) -> CargoResult<manifest::TomlDependency> {
            let Some(deps) = &self.dependencies else {
                bail!("`workspace.dependencies` was not defined");
            };
            let Some(dep) = deps.get(name) else {
                bail!("`dependency.{name}` was not found in `workspace.dependencies`");
            };
            let mut dep = dep.clone();
            if let manifest::TomlDependency::Detailed(detailed) = &mut dep {
                if detailed.base.is_none() {
                    // If this is a path dependency without a base, then update the path to be relative
                    // to the workspace root instead.
                    if let Some(rel_path) = &detailed.path {
                        detailed.path = Some(resolve_relative_path(
                            name,
                            self.ws_root(),
                            package_root,
                            rel_path,
                        )?);
                    }
                }
            }
            Ok(dep)
        }

        /// Gets the field `workspace.lint`.
        pub fn lints(&self) -> CargoResult<manifest::TomlLints> {
            let Some(val) = &self.lints else {
                bail!("`workspace.lints` was not defined");
            };
            Ok(val.clone())
        }

        /// Gets the field `workspace.package.license-file`.
        fn license_file(&self, package_root: &Path) -> CargoResult<String> {
            let Some(license_file) = self.package.as_ref().and_then(|p| p.license_file.as_ref()) else {
                bail!("`workspace.package.license-file` was not defined");
            };
            resolve_relative_path("license-file", &self._ws_root, package_root, license_file)
        }

        /// Gets the field `workspace.package.readme`.
        fn readme(&self, package_root: &Path) -> CargoResult<manifest::StringOrBool> {
            let Some(readme) = normalize_package_readme(
                self._ws_root.as_path(),
                self.package.as_ref().and_then(|p| p.readme.as_ref()),
            ) else {
                bail!("`workspace.package.readme` was not defined");
            };
            resolve_relative_path("readme", &self._ws_root, package_root, &readme)
                .map(manifest::StringOrBool::String)
        }

        fn ws_root(&self) -> &PathBuf {
            &self._ws_root
        }
    }

    fn field_inherit_with<'a, T>(
        field: manifest::InheritableField<T>,
        label: &str,
        get_ws_inheritable: impl FnOnce() -> CargoResult<T>,
    ) -> CargoResult<T> {
        match field {
            manifest::InheritableField::Value(value) => Ok(value),
            manifest::InheritableField::Inherit(_) => get_ws_inheritable().with_context(|| {
                format!(
                    "error inheriting `{label}` from workspace root manifest's `workspace.package.{label}`",
                )
            }),
        }
    }

    fn lints_inherit_with(
        lints: manifest::InheritableLints,
        get_ws_inheritable: impl FnOnce() -> CargoResult<manifest::TomlLints>,
    ) -> CargoResult<manifest::TomlLints> {
        if lints.workspace {
            if !lints.lints.is_empty() {
                anyhow::bail!("cannot override `workspace.lints` in `lints`, either remove the overrides or `lints.workspace = true` and manually specify the lints");
            }
            get_ws_inheritable().with_context(|| {
                "error inheriting `lints` from workspace root manifest's `workspace.lints`"
            })
        } else {
            Ok(lints.lints)
        }
    }

    fn dependency_inherit_with<'a>(
        dependency: manifest::InheritableDependency,
        name: &str,
        inherit: &dyn Fn() -> CargoResult<&'a InheritableFields>,
        package_root: &Path,
        edition: Edition,
        warnings: &mut Vec<String>,
    ) -> CargoResult<manifest::TomlDependency> {
        match dependency {
            manifest::InheritableDependency::Value(value) => Ok(value),
            manifest::InheritableDependency::Inherit(w) => {
                inner_dependency_inherit_with(w, name, inherit, package_root, edition, warnings).with_context(|| {
                    format!(
                        "error inheriting `{name}` from workspace root manifest's `workspace.dependencies.{name}`",
                    )
                })
            }
        }
    }

    fn inner_dependency_inherit_with<'a>(
        pkg_dep: manifest::TomlInheritedDependency,
        name: &str,
        inherit: &dyn Fn() -> CargoResult<&'a InheritableFields>,
        package_root: &Path,
        edition: Edition,
        warnings: &mut Vec<String>,
    ) -> CargoResult<manifest::TomlDependency> {
        let ws_dep = inherit()?.get_dependency(name, package_root)?;
        let mut merged_dep = match ws_dep {
            manifest::TomlDependency::Simple(ws_version) => manifest::TomlDetailedDependency {
                version: Some(ws_version),
                ..Default::default()
            },
            manifest::TomlDependency::Detailed(ws_dep) => ws_dep.clone(),
        };
        let manifest::TomlInheritedDependency {
            workspace: _,

            features,
            optional,
            default_features,
            default_features2,
            public,

            _unused_keys: _,
        } = &pkg_dep;
        let default_features = default_features.or(*default_features2);

        match (default_features, merged_dep.default_features()) {
            // member: default-features = true and
            // workspace: default-features = false should turn on
            // default-features
            (Some(true), Some(false)) => {
                merged_dep.default_features = Some(true);
            }
            // member: default-features = false and
            // workspace: default-features = true should ignore member
            // default-features
            (Some(false), Some(true)) => {
                deprecated_ws_default_features(name, Some(true), edition, warnings)?;
            }
            // member: default-features = false and
            // workspace: dep = "1.0" should ignore member default-features
            (Some(false), None) => {
                deprecated_ws_default_features(name, None, edition, warnings)?;
            }
            _ => {}
        }
        merged_dep.features = match (merged_dep.features.clone(), features.clone()) {
            (Some(dep_feat), Some(inherit_feat)) => Some(
                dep_feat
                    .into_iter()
                    .chain(inherit_feat)
                    .collect::<Vec<String>>(),
            ),
            (Some(dep_fet), None) => Some(dep_fet),
            (None, Some(inherit_feat)) => Some(inherit_feat),
            (None, None) => None,
        };
        merged_dep.optional = *optional;
        merged_dep.public = *public;
        Ok(manifest::TomlDependency::Detailed(merged_dep))
    }

    fn deprecated_ws_default_features(
        label: &str,
        ws_def_feat: Option<bool>,
        edition: Edition,
        warnings: &mut Vec<String>,
    ) -> CargoResult<()> {
        let ws_def_feat = match ws_def_feat {
            Some(true) => "true",
            Some(false) => "false",
            None => "not specified",
        };
        if Edition::Edition2024 <= edition {
            anyhow::bail!("`default-features = false` cannot override workspace's `default-features`");
        } else {
            warnings.push(format!(
                "`default-features` is ignored for {label}, since `default-features` was \
                    {ws_def_feat} for `workspace.dependencies.{label}`, \
                    this could become a hard error in the future"
            ));
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
    pub fn to_real_manifest(
        contents: String,
        document: toml_edit::ImDocument<String>,
        original_toml: manifest::TomlManifest,
        normalized_toml: manifest::TomlManifest,
        features: Features,
        workspace_config: WorkspaceConfig,
        source_id: SourceId,
        manifest_file: &Path,
        gctx: &GlobalContext,
        warnings: &mut Vec<String>,
        _errors: &mut Vec<String>,
    ) -> CargoResult<Manifest> {
        let embedded = is_embedded(manifest_file);
        let package_root = manifest_file.parent().unwrap();
        if !package_root.is_dir() {
            bail!(
                "package root '{}' is not a directory",
                package_root.display()
            );
        };

        let original_package = original_toml
            .package()
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::format_err!("no `package` section found"))?;

        let package_name = &original_package.name;
        if package_name.contains(':') {
            features.require(Feature::open_namespaces())?;
        }

        let normalized_package = normalized_toml
            .package()
            .expect("previously verified to have a `[package]`");
        let rust_version = normalized_package
            .normalized_rust_version()
            .expect("previously normalized")
            .cloned();

        let edition = if let Some(edition) = normalized_package
            .normalized_edition()
            .expect("previously normalized")
        {
            let edition: Edition = edition
                .parse()
                .context("failed to parse the `edition` key")?;
            if let Some(pkg_msrv) = &rust_version {
                if let Some(edition_msrv) = edition.first_version() {
                    let edition_msrv = RustVersion::try_from(edition_msrv).unwrap();
                    if !edition_msrv.is_compatible_with(pkg_msrv.as_partial()) {
                        bail!(
                            "rust-version {} is older than first version ({}) required by \
                                the specified edition ({})",
                            pkg_msrv,
                            edition_msrv,
                            edition,
                        )
                    }
                }
            }
            edition
        } else {
            let msrv_edition = if let Some(pkg_msrv) = &rust_version {
                Edition::ALL
                    .iter()
                    .filter(|e| {
                        e.first_version()
                            .map(|e| {
                                let e = RustVersion::try_from(e).unwrap();
                                e.is_compatible_with(pkg_msrv.as_partial())
                            })
                            .unwrap_or_default()
                    })
                    .max()
                    .copied()
            } else {
                None
            }
            .unwrap_or_default();
            let default_edition = Edition::default();
            let latest_edition = Edition::LATEST_STABLE;

            // We're trying to help the user who might assume they are using a new edition,
            // so if they can't use a new edition, don't bother to tell them to set it.
            // This also avoids having to worry about whether `package.edition` is compatible with
            // their MSRV.
            if msrv_edition != default_edition || rust_version.is_none() {
                let tip = if msrv_edition == latest_edition || rust_version.is_none() {
                    format!(" while the latest is {latest_edition}")
                } else {
                    format!(" while {msrv_edition} is compatible with `rust-version`")
                };
                warnings.push(format!(
                    "no edition set: defaulting to the {default_edition} edition{tip}",
                ));
            }
            default_edition
        };
        // Add these lines if start a new unstable edition.
        // ```
        // if edition == Edition::Edition20xx {
        //     features.require(Feature::edition20xx())?;
        // }
        // ```
        if edition == Edition::Edition2024 {
            features.require(Feature::edition2024())?;
        } else if !edition.is_stable() {
            // Guard in case someone forgets to add .require()
            return Err(util::errors::internal(format!(
                "edition {} should be gated",
                edition
            )));
        }

        if original_toml.project.is_some() {
            if Edition::Edition2024 <= edition {
                anyhow::bail!(
                    "`[project]` is not supported as of the 2024 Edition, please use `[package]`"
                );
            } else {
                warnings.push(format!("`[project]` is deprecated in favor of `[package]`"));
            }
        }

        if normalized_package.metabuild.is_some() {
            features.require(Feature::metabuild())?;
        }

        let resolve_behavior = match (
            normalized_package.resolver.as_ref(),
            normalized_toml
                .workspace
                .as_ref()
                .and_then(|ws| ws.resolver.as_ref()),
        ) {
            (None, None) => None,
            (Some(s), None) | (None, Some(s)) => Some(ResolveBehavior::from_manifest(s)?),
            (Some(_), Some(_)) => {
                bail!("cannot specify `resolver` field in both `[workspace]` and `[package]`")
            }
        };

        // If we have no lib at all, use the inferred lib, if available.
        // If we have a lib with a path, we're done.
        // If we have a lib with no path, use the inferred lib or else the package name.
        let targets = to_targets(
            &features,
            &original_toml,
            &normalized_toml,
            package_root,
            edition,
            &normalized_package.metabuild,
            warnings,
        )?;

        if targets.iter().all(|t| t.is_custom_build()) {
            bail!(
                "no targets specified in the manifest\n\
                     either src/lib.rs, src/main.rs, a [lib] section, or \
                     [[bin]] section must be present"
            )
        }

        if let Err(conflict_targets) = unique_build_targets(&targets, package_root) {
            conflict_targets
                .iter()
                .for_each(|(target_path, conflicts)| {
                    warnings.push(format!(
                        "file `{}` found to be present in multiple \
                     build targets:\n{}",
                        target_path.display().to_string(),
                        conflicts
                            .iter()
                            .map(|t| format!("  * `{}` target `{}`", t.kind().description(), t.name(),))
                            .join("\n")
                    ));
                })
        }

        if let Some(links) = &normalized_package.links {
            if !targets.iter().any(|t| t.is_custom_build()) {
                bail!("package specifies that it links to `{links}` but does not have a custom build script")
            }
        }

        validate_dependencies(original_toml.dependencies.as_ref(), None, None, warnings)?;
        validate_dependencies(
            original_toml.dev_dependencies(),
            None,
            Some(DepKind::Development),
            warnings,
        )?;
        validate_dependencies(
            original_toml.build_dependencies(),
            None,
            Some(DepKind::Build),
            warnings,
        )?;
        for (name, platform) in original_toml.target.iter().flatten() {
            let platform_kind: Platform = name.parse()?;
            platform_kind.check_cfg_attributes(warnings);
            let platform_kind = Some(platform_kind);
            validate_dependencies(
                platform.dependencies.as_ref(),
                platform_kind.as_ref(),
                None,
                warnings,
            )?;
            validate_dependencies(
                platform.build_dependencies(),
                platform_kind.as_ref(),
                Some(DepKind::Build),
                warnings,
            )?;
            validate_dependencies(
                platform.dev_dependencies(),
                platform_kind.as_ref(),
                Some(DepKind::Development),
                warnings,
            )?;
        }

        // Collect the dependencies.
        let mut deps = Vec::new();
        let mut manifest_ctx = ManifestContext {
            deps: &mut deps,
            source_id,
            gctx,
            warnings,
            platform: None,
            root: package_root,
        };
        gather_dependencies(
            &mut manifest_ctx,
            normalized_toml.dependencies.as_ref(),
            None,
        )?;
        gather_dependencies(
            &mut manifest_ctx,
            normalized_toml.dev_dependencies(),
            Some(DepKind::Development),
        )?;
        gather_dependencies(
            &mut manifest_ctx,
            normalized_toml.build_dependencies(),
            Some(DepKind::Build),
        )?;
        for (name, platform) in normalized_toml.target.iter().flatten() {
            manifest_ctx.platform = Some(name.parse()?);
            gather_dependencies(&mut manifest_ctx, platform.dependencies.as_ref(), None)?;
            gather_dependencies(
                &mut manifest_ctx,
                platform.build_dependencies(),
                Some(DepKind::Build),
            )?;
            gather_dependencies(
                &mut manifest_ctx,
                platform.dev_dependencies(),
                Some(DepKind::Development),
            )?;
        }
        let replace = replace(&normalized_toml, &mut manifest_ctx)?;
        let patch = patch(&normalized_toml, &mut manifest_ctx)?;

        {
            let mut names_sources = BTreeMap::new();
            for dep in &deps {
                let name = dep.name_in_toml();
                let prev = names_sources.insert(name, dep.source_id());
                if prev.is_some() && prev != Some(dep.source_id()) {
                    bail!(
                        "Dependency '{}' has different source paths depending on the build \
                             target. Each dependency must have a single canonical source path \
                             irrespective of build target.",
                        name
                    );
                }
            }
        }

        verify_lints(
            normalized_toml
                .normalized_lints()
                .expect("previously normalized"),
            gctx,
            warnings,
        )?;
        let default = manifest::TomlLints::default();
        let rustflags = lints_to_rustflags(
            normalized_toml
                .normalized_lints()
                .expect("previously normalized")
                .unwrap_or(&default),
        );

        let metadata = ManifestMetadata {
            description: normalized_package
                .normalized_description()
                .expect("previously normalized")
                .cloned(),
            homepage: normalized_package
                .normalized_homepage()
                .expect("previously normalized")
                .cloned(),
            documentation: normalized_package
                .normalized_documentation()
                .expect("previously normalized")
                .cloned(),
            readme: normalized_package
                .normalized_readme()
                .expect("previously normalized")
                .cloned(),
            authors: normalized_package
                .normalized_authors()
                .expect("previously normalized")
                .cloned()
                .unwrap_or_default(),
            license: normalized_package
                .normalized_license()
                .expect("previously normalized")
                .cloned(),
            license_file: normalized_package
                .normalized_license_file()
                .expect("previously normalized")
                .cloned(),
            repository: normalized_package
                .normalized_repository()
                .expect("previously normalized")
                .cloned(),
            keywords: normalized_package
                .normalized_keywords()
                .expect("previously normalized")
                .cloned()
                .unwrap_or_default(),
            categories: normalized_package
                .normalized_categories()
                .expect("previously normalized")
                .cloned()
                .unwrap_or_default(),
            badges: normalized_toml.badges.clone().unwrap_or_default(),
            links: normalized_package.links.clone(),
            rust_version: rust_version.clone(),
        };

        if let Some(profiles) = &normalized_toml.profile {
            let cli_unstable = gctx.cli_unstable();
            validate_profiles(profiles, cli_unstable, &features, warnings)?;
        }

        let version = normalized_package
            .normalized_version()
            .expect("previously normalized");
        let publish = match normalized_package
            .normalized_publish()
            .expect("previously normalized")
        {
            Some(manifest::VecStringOrBool::VecString(ref vecstring)) => Some(vecstring.clone()),
            Some(manifest::VecStringOrBool::Bool(false)) => Some(vec![]),
            Some(manifest::VecStringOrBool::Bool(true)) => None,
            None => version.is_none().then_some(vec![]),
        };

        if version.is_none() && publish != Some(vec![]) {
            bail!("`package.publish` requires `package.version` be specified");
        }

        let pkgid = PackageId::new(
            normalized_package.name.as_str().into(),
            version
                .cloned()
                .unwrap_or_else(|| semver::Version::new(0, 0, 0)),
            source_id,
        );
        let summary = {
            let summary = Summary::new(
                pkgid,
                deps,
                &normalized_toml
                    .features
                    .as_ref()
                    .unwrap_or(&Default::default())
                    .iter()
                    .map(|(k, v)| {
                        (
                            InternedString::new(k),
                            v.iter().map(InternedString::from).collect(),
                        )
                    })
                    .collect(),
                normalized_package.links.as_deref(),
                rust_version.clone(),
            );
            // editon2024 stops exposing implicit features, which will strip weak optional dependencies from `dependencies`,
            // need to check whether `dep_name` is stripped as unused dependency
            if let Err(ref err) = summary {
                if let Some(missing_dep) = err.downcast_ref::<MissingDependencyError>() {
                    missing_dep_diagnostic(
                        missing_dep,
                        &original_toml,
                        &document,
                        &contents,
                        manifest_file,
                        gctx,
                    )?;
                }
            }
            summary?
        };

        if summary.features().contains_key("default-features") {
            warnings.push(
                "`default-features = [\"..\"]` was found in [features]. \
                     Did you mean to use `default = [\"..\"]`?"
                    .to_string(),
            )
        }

        if let Some(run) = &normalized_package.default_run {
            if !targets
                .iter()
                .filter(|t| t.is_bin())
                .any(|t| t.name() == run)
            {
                let suggestion =
                    util::closest_msg(run, targets.iter().filter(|t| t.is_bin()), |t| t.name());
                bail!("default-run target `{}` not found{}", run, suggestion);
            }
        }

        let default_kind = normalized_package
            .default_target
            .as_ref()
            .map(|t| CompileTarget::new(&*t))
            .transpose()?
            .map(CompileKind::Target);
        let forced_kind = normalized_package
            .forced_target
            .as_ref()
            .map(|t| CompileTarget::new(&*t))
            .transpose()?
            .map(CompileKind::Target);
        let include = normalized_package
            .normalized_include()
            .expect("previously normalized")
            .cloned()
            .unwrap_or_default();
        let exclude = normalized_package
            .normalized_exclude()
            .expect("previously normalized")
            .cloned()
            .unwrap_or_default();
        let links = normalized_package.links.clone();
        let custom_metadata = normalized_package.metadata.clone();
        let im_a_teapot = normalized_package.im_a_teapot;
        let default_run = normalized_package.default_run.clone();
        let metabuild = normalized_package.metabuild.clone().map(|sov| sov.0);
        let manifest = Manifest::new(
            Rc::new(contents),
            Rc::new(document),
            Rc::new(original_toml),
            Rc::new(normalized_toml),
            summary,
            default_kind,
            forced_kind,
            targets,
            exclude,
            include,
            links,
            metadata,
            custom_metadata,
            publish,
            replace,
            patch,
            workspace_config,
            features,
            edition,
            rust_version,
            im_a_teapot,
            default_run,
            metabuild,
            resolve_behavior,
            rustflags,
            embedded,
        );
        if manifest
            .normalized_toml()
            .package()
            .unwrap()
            .license_file
            .is_some()
            && manifest
                .normalized_toml()
                .package()
                .unwrap()
                .license
                .is_some()
        {
            warnings.push(
                "only one of `license` or `license-file` is necessary\n\
                     `license` should be used if the package license can be expressed \
                     with a standard SPDX expression.\n\
                     `license-file` should be used if the package uses a non-standard license.\n\
                     See https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html#the-license-and-license-file-fields \
                     for more information."
                    .to_owned(),
            );
        }
        warn_on_unused(&manifest.original_toml()._unused_keys, warnings);

        manifest.feature_gate()?;

        Ok(manifest)
    }

    fn missing_dep_diagnostic(
        missing_dep: &MissingDependencyError,
        orig_toml: &TomlManifest,
        document: &ImDocument<String>,
        contents: &str,
        manifest_file: &Path,
        gctx: &GlobalContext,
    ) -> CargoResult<()> {
        let dep_name = missing_dep.dep_name;
        let manifest_path = rel_cwd_manifest_path(manifest_file, gctx);
        let feature_value_span =
            get_span(&document, &["features", missing_dep.feature.as_str()], true).unwrap();

        let title = format!(
            "feature `{}` includes `{}`, but `{}` is not a dependency",
            missing_dep.feature, missing_dep.feature_value, &dep_name
        );
        let help = format!("enable the dependency with `dep:{dep_name}`");
        let info_label = format!(
            "`{}` is an unused optional dependency since no feature enables it",
            &dep_name
        );
        let message = Level::Error.title(&title);
        let snippet = Snippet::source(&contents)
            .origin(&manifest_path)
            .fold(true)
            .annotation(Level::Error.span(feature_value_span.start..feature_value_span.end));
        let message = if missing_dep.weak_optional {
            let mut orig_deps = vec![
                (
                    orig_toml.dependencies.as_ref(),
                    vec![DepKind::Normal.kind_table()],
                ),
                (
                    orig_toml.build_dependencies.as_ref(),
                    vec![DepKind::Build.kind_table()],
                ),
            ];
            for (name, platform) in orig_toml.target.iter().flatten() {
                orig_deps.push((
                    platform.dependencies.as_ref(),
                    vec!["target", name, DepKind::Normal.kind_table()],
                ));
                orig_deps.push((
                    platform.build_dependencies.as_ref(),
                    vec!["target", name, DepKind::Normal.kind_table()],
                ));
            }

            if let Some((_, toml_path)) = orig_deps.iter().find(|(deps, _)| {
                if let Some(deps) = deps {
                    deps.keys().any(|p| *p.as_str() == *dep_name)
                } else {
                    false
                }
            }) {
                let toml_path = toml_path
                    .iter()
                    .map(|s| *s)
                    .chain(std::iter::once(dep_name.as_str()))
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
                let dep_span = get_span(&document, &toml_path, false).unwrap();

                message
                    .snippet(snippet.annotation(Level::Warning.span(dep_span).label(&info_label)))
                    .footer(Level::Help.title(&help))
            } else {
                message.snippet(snippet)
            }
        } else {
            message.snippet(snippet)
        };

        if let Err(err) = gctx.shell().print_message(message) {
            return Err(err.into());
        }
        Err(AlreadyPrintedError::new(anyhow!("").into()).into())
    }

    fn to_virtual_manifest(
        contents: String,
        document: toml_edit::ImDocument<String>,
        original_toml: manifest::TomlManifest,
        normalized_toml: manifest::TomlManifest,
        features: Features,
        workspace_config: WorkspaceConfig,
        source_id: SourceId,
        manifest_file: &Path,
        gctx: &GlobalContext,
        warnings: &mut Vec<String>,
        _errors: &mut Vec<String>,
    ) -> CargoResult<VirtualManifest> {
        let root = manifest_file.parent().unwrap();

        let mut deps = Vec::new();
        let (replace, patch) = {
            let mut manifest_ctx = ManifestContext {
                deps: &mut deps,
                source_id,
                gctx,
                warnings,
                platform: None,
                root,
            };
            (
                replace(&original_toml, &mut manifest_ctx)?,
                patch(&original_toml, &mut manifest_ctx)?,
            )
        };
        if let Some(profiles) = &original_toml.profile {
            validate_profiles(profiles, gctx.cli_unstable(), &features, warnings)?;
        }
        let resolve_behavior = original_toml
            .workspace
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|ws| ws.resolver.as_deref())
            .map(|r| ResolveBehavior::from_manifest(r))
            .transpose()?;
        if let WorkspaceConfig::Member { .. } = &workspace_config {
            bail!("virtual manifests must be configured with [workspace]");
        }
        let manifest = VirtualManifest::new(
            Rc::new(contents),
            Rc::new(document),
            Rc::new(original_toml),
            Rc::new(normalized_toml),
            replace,
            patch,
            workspace_config,
            features,
            resolve_behavior,
        );

        warn_on_unused(&manifest.original_toml()._unused_keys, warnings);

        Ok(manifest)
    }

    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
    fn validate_dependencies(
        original_deps: Option<&BTreeMap<manifest::PackageName, manifest::InheritableDependency>>,
        platform: Option<&Platform>,
        kind: Option<DepKind>,
        warnings: &mut Vec<String>,
    ) -> CargoResult<()> {
        let Some(dependencies) = original_deps else {
            return Ok(());
        };

        for (name_in_toml, v) in dependencies.iter() {
            let kind_name = match kind {
                Some(k) => k.kind_table(),
                None => "dependencies",
            };
            let table_in_toml = if let Some(platform) = platform {
                format!("target.{}.{kind_name}", platform.to_string())
            } else {
                kind_name.to_string()
            };
            unused_dep_keys(name_in_toml, &table_in_toml, v.unused_keys(), warnings);
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    struct ManifestContext<'a, 'b> {
        deps: &'a mut Vec<Dependency>,
        source_id: SourceId,
        gctx: &'b GlobalContext,
        warnings: &'a mut Vec<String>,
        platform: Option<Platform>,
        root: &'a Path,
    }

    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
    fn gather_dependencies(
        manifest_ctx: &mut ManifestContext<'_, '_>,
        normalized_deps: Option<&BTreeMap<manifest::PackageName, manifest::InheritableDependency>>,
        kind: Option<DepKind>,
    ) -> CargoResult<()> {
        let Some(dependencies) = normalized_deps else {
            return Ok(());
        };

        for (n, v) in dependencies.iter() {
            let resolved = v.normalized().expect("previously normalized");
            let dep = dep_to_dependency(&resolved, n, manifest_ctx, kind)?;
            manifest_ctx.deps.push(dep);
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn replace(
        me: &manifest::TomlManifest,
        manifest_ctx: &mut ManifestContext<'_, '_>,
    ) -> CargoResult<Vec<(PackageIdSpec, Dependency)>> {
        if me.patch.is_some() && me.replace.is_some() {
            bail!("cannot specify both [replace] and [patch]");
        }
        let mut replace = Vec::new();
        for (spec, replacement) in me.replace.iter().flatten() {
            let mut spec = PackageIdSpec::parse(spec).with_context(|| {
                format!(
                    "replacements must specify a valid semver \
                         version to replace, but `{}` does not",
                    spec
                )
            })?;
            if spec.url().is_none() {
                spec.set_url(CRATES_IO_INDEX.parse().unwrap());
            }

            if replacement.is_version_specified() {
                bail!(
                    "replacements cannot specify a version \
                         requirement, but found one for `{}`",
                    spec
                );
            }

            let mut dep = dep_to_dependency(replacement, spec.name(), manifest_ctx, None)?;
            let version = spec.version().ok_or_else(|| {
                anyhow!(
                    "replacements must specify a version \
                         to replace, but `{}` does not",
                    spec
                )
            })?;
            unused_dep_keys(
                dep.name_in_toml().as_str(),
                "replace",
                replacement.unused_keys(),
                &mut manifest_ctx.warnings,
            );
            dep.set_version_req(OptVersionReq::exact(&version));
            replace.push((spec, dep));
        }
        Ok(replace)
    }

    fn patch(
        me: &manifest::TomlManifest,
        manifest_ctx: &mut ManifestContext<'_, '_>,
    ) -> CargoResult<HashMap<Url, Vec<Dependency>>> {
        let mut patch = HashMap::new();
        for (toml_url, deps) in me.patch.iter().flatten() {
            let url = match &toml_url[..] {
                CRATES_IO_REGISTRY => CRATES_IO_INDEX.parse().unwrap(),
                _ => manifest_ctx
                    .gctx
                    .get_registry_index(toml_url)
                    .or_else(|_| toml_url.into_url())
                    .with_context(|| {
                        format!(
                            "[patch] entry `{}` should be a URL or registry name",
                            toml_url
                        )
                    })?,
            };
            patch.insert(
                url,
                deps.iter()
                    .map(|(name, dep)| {
                        unused_dep_keys(
                            name,
                            &format!("patch.{toml_url}",),
                            dep.unused_keys(),
                            &mut manifest_ctx.warnings,
                        );
                        dep_to_dependency(dep, name, manifest_ctx, None)
                    })
                    .collect::<CargoResult<Vec<_>>>()?,
            );
        }
        Ok(patch)
    }

    pub(crate) fn to_dependency<P: ResolveToPath + Clone>(
        dep: &manifest::TomlDependency<P>,
        name: &str,
        source_id: SourceId,
        gctx: &GlobalContext,
        warnings: &mut Vec<String>,
        platform: Option<Platform>,
        root: &Path,
        kind: Option<DepKind>,
    ) -> CargoResult<Dependency> {
        dep_to_dependency(
            dep,
            name,
            &mut ManifestContext {
                deps: &mut Vec::new(),
                source_id,
                gctx,
                warnings,
                platform,
                root,
            },
            kind,
        )
    }

    fn dep_to_dependency<P: ResolveToPath + Clone>(
        orig: &manifest::TomlDependency<P>,
        name: &str,
        manifest_ctx: &mut ManifestContext<'_, '_>,
        kind: Option<DepKind>,
    ) -> CargoResult<Dependency> {
        match *orig {
            manifest::TomlDependency::Simple(ref version) => detailed_dep_to_dependency(
                &manifest::TomlDetailedDependency::<P> {
                    version: Some(version.clone()),
                    ..Default::default()
                },
                name,
                manifest_ctx,
                kind,
            ),
            manifest::TomlDependency::Detailed(ref details) => {
                detailed_dep_to_dependency(details, name, manifest_ctx, kind)
            }
        }
    }

    fn detailed_dep_to_dependency<P: ResolveToPath + Clone>(
        orig: &manifest::TomlDetailedDependency<P>,
        name_in_toml: &str,
        manifest_ctx: &mut ManifestContext<'_, '_>,
        kind: Option<DepKind>,
    ) -> CargoResult<Dependency> {
        if orig.version.is_none() && orig.path.is_none() && orig.git.is_none() {
            anyhow::bail!(
                "dependency ({name_in_toml}) specified without \
                     providing a local path, Git repository, version, or \
                     workspace dependency to use"
            );
        }

        if let Some(version) = &orig.version {
            if version.contains('+') {
                manifest_ctx.warnings.push(format!(
                    "version requirement `{}` for dependency `{}` \
                         includes semver metadata which will be ignored, removing the \
                         metadata is recommended to avoid confusion",
                    version, name_in_toml
                ));
            }
        }

        if orig.git.is_none() {
            let git_only_keys = [
                (&orig.branch, "branch"),
                (&orig.tag, "tag"),
                (&orig.rev, "rev"),
            ];

            for &(key, key_name) in &git_only_keys {
                if key.is_some() {
                    bail!(
                        "key `{}` is ignored for dependency ({}).",
                        key_name,
                        name_in_toml
                    );
                }
            }
        }

        // Early detection of potentially misused feature syntax
        // instead of generating a "feature not found" error.
        if let Some(features) = &orig.features {
            for feature in features {
                if feature.contains('/') {
                    bail!(
                        "feature `{}` in dependency `{}` is not allowed to contain slashes\n\
                             If you want to enable features of a transitive dependency, \
                             the direct dependency needs to re-export those features from \
                             the `[features]` table.",
                        feature,
                        name_in_toml
                    );
                }
                if feature.starts_with("dep:") {
                    bail!(
                        "feature `{}` in dependency `{}` is not allowed to use explicit \
                            `dep:` syntax\n\
                             If you want to enable an optional dependency, specify the name \
                             of the optional dependency without the `dep:` prefix, or specify \
                             a feature from the dependency's `[features]` table that enables \
                             the optional dependency.",
                        feature,
                        name_in_toml
                    );
                }
            }
        }

        let new_source_id = to_dependency_source_id(orig, name_in_toml, manifest_ctx)?;

        let (pkg_name, explicit_name_in_toml) = match orig.package {
            Some(ref s) => (&s[..], Some(name_in_toml)),
            None => (name_in_toml, None),
        };

        let version = orig.version.as_deref();
        let mut dep = Dependency::parse(pkg_name, version, new_source_id)?;
        dep.set_features(orig.features.iter().flatten())
            .set_default_features(orig.default_features().unwrap_or(true))
            .set_optional(orig.optional.unwrap_or(false))
            .set_platform(manifest_ctx.platform.clone());
        if let Some(registry) = &orig.registry {
            let registry_id = SourceId::alt_registry(manifest_ctx.gctx, registry)?;
            dep.set_registry_id(registry_id);
        }
        if let Some(registry_index) = &orig.registry_index {
            let url = registry_index.into_url()?;
            let registry_id = SourceId::for_registry(&url)?;
            dep.set_registry_id(registry_id);
        }

        if let Some(kind) = kind {
            dep.set_kind(kind);
        }
        if let Some(name_in_toml) = explicit_name_in_toml {
            dep.set_explicit_name_in_toml(name_in_toml);
        }

        if let Some(p) = orig.public {
            dep.set_public(p);
        }

        if let (Some(artifact), is_lib, target) = (
            orig.artifact.as_ref(),
            orig.lib.unwrap_or(false),
            orig.target.as_deref(),
        ) {
            if manifest_ctx.gctx.cli_unstable().bindeps {
                let artifact = Artifact::parse(&artifact.0, is_lib, target)?;
                if dep.kind() != DepKind::Build
                    && artifact.target() == Some(ArtifactTarget::BuildDependencyAssumeTarget)
                {
                    bail!(
                        r#"`target = "target"` in normal- or dev-dependencies has no effect ({})"#,
                        name_in_toml
                    );
                }
                dep.set_artifact(artifact)
            } else {
                bail!("`artifact = …` requires `-Z bindeps` ({})", name_in_toml);
            }
        } else if orig.lib.is_some() || orig.target.is_some() {
            for (is_set, specifier) in [
                (orig.lib.is_some(), "lib"),
                (orig.target.is_some(), "target"),
            ] {
                if !is_set {
                    continue;
                }
                bail!(
                    "'{}' specifier cannot be used without an 'artifact = …' value ({})",
                    specifier,
                    name_in_toml
                )
            }
        }
        Ok(dep)
    }

    fn to_dependency_source_id<P: ResolveToPath + Clone>(
        orig: &manifest::TomlDetailedDependency<P>,
        name_in_toml: &str,
        manifest_ctx: &mut ManifestContext<'_, '_>,
    ) -> CargoResult<SourceId> {
        match (
            orig.git.as_ref(),
            orig.path.as_ref(),
            orig.registry.as_deref(),
            orig.registry_index.as_ref(),
        ) {
            (Some(_git), _, Some(_registry), _) | (Some(_git), _, _, Some(_registry)) => bail!(
                "dependency ({name_in_toml}) specification is ambiguous. \
                     Only one of `git` or `registry` is allowed.",
            ),
            (_, _, Some(_registry), Some(_registry_index)) => bail!(
                "dependency ({name_in_toml}) specification is ambiguous. \
                     Only one of `registry` or `registry-index` is allowed.",
            ),
            (Some(_git), Some(_path), None, None) => {
                bail!(
                    "dependency ({name_in_toml}) specification is ambiguous. \
                         Only one of `git` or `path` is allowed.",
                );
            }
            (Some(git), None, None, None) => {
                let n_details = [&orig.branch, &orig.tag, &orig.rev]
                    .iter()
                    .filter(|d| d.is_some())
                    .count();

                if n_details > 1 {
                    bail!(
                        "dependency ({name_in_toml}) specification is ambiguous. \
                             Only one of `branch`, `tag` or `rev` is allowed.",
                    );
                }

                let reference = orig
                    .branch
                    .clone()
                    .map(GitReference::Branch)
                    .or_else(|| orig.tag.clone().map(GitReference::Tag))
                    .or_else(|| orig.rev.clone().map(GitReference::Rev))
                    .unwrap_or(GitReference::DefaultBranch);
                let loc = git.into_url()?;

                if let Some(fragment) = loc.fragment() {
                    let msg = format!(
                        "URL fragment `#{fragment}` in git URL is ignored for dependency ({name_in_toml}). \
                            If you were trying to specify a specific git revision, \
                            use `rev = \"{fragment}\"` in the dependency declaration.",
                    );
                    manifest_ctx.warnings.push(msg);
                }

                SourceId::for_git(&loc, reference)
            }
            (None, Some(path), _, _) => {
                let path = path.resolve(manifest_ctx.gctx);
                // If the source ID for the package we're parsing is a path
                // source, then we normalize the path here to get rid of
                // components like `..`.
                //
                // The purpose of this is to get a canonical ID for the package
                // that we're depending on to ensure that builds of this package
                // always end up hashing to the same value no matter where it's
                // built from.
                if manifest_ctx.source_id.is_path() {
                    let path = manifest_ctx.root.join(path);
                    let path = paths::normalize_path(&path);
                    SourceId::for_path(&path)
                } else {
                    Ok(manifest_ctx.source_id)
                }
            }
            (None, None, Some(registry), None) => SourceId::alt_registry(manifest_ctx.gctx, registry),
            (None, None, None, Some(registry_index)) => {
                let url = registry_index.into_url()?;
                SourceId::for_registry(&url)
            }
            (None, None, None, None) => SourceId::crates_io(manifest_ctx.gctx),
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn lookup_path_base<'a>(
        base: &PathBaseName,
        gctx: &GlobalContext,
        workspace_root: &dyn Fn() -> CargoResult<&'a PathBuf>,
        features: &Features,
    ) -> CargoResult<PathBuf> {
        features.require(Feature::path_bases())?;

        // HACK: The `base` string is user controlled, but building the path is safe from injection
        // attacks since the `PathBaseName` type restricts the characters that can be used to exclude `.`
        let base_key = format!("path-bases.{base}");

        // Look up the relevant base in the Config and use that as the root.
        if let Some(path_bases) = gctx.get::<Option<ConfigRelativePath>>(&base_key)? {
            Ok(path_bases.resolve_path(gctx))
        } else {
            // Otherwise, check the built-in bases.
            match base.as_str() {
                "workspace" => Ok(workspace_root()?.clone()),
                _ => bail!(
                    "path base `{base}` is undefined. \
                You must add an entry for `{base}` in the Cargo configuration [path-bases] table."
                ),
            }
        }
    }

    pub trait ResolveToPath {
        fn resolve(&self, gctx: &GlobalContext) -> PathBuf;
    }

    impl ResolveToPath for String {
        fn resolve(&self, _: &GlobalContext) -> PathBuf {
            self.into()
        }
    }

    impl ResolveToPath for ConfigRelativePath {
        fn resolve(&self, gctx: &GlobalContext) -> PathBuf {
            self.resolve_path(gctx)
        }
    }

    /// Checks a list of build targets, and ensures the target names are unique within a vector.
    /// If not, the name of the offending build target is returned.
    #[tracing::instrument(skip_all)]
    fn unique_build_targets(
        targets: &[Target],
        package_root: &Path,
    ) -> Result<(), HashMap<PathBuf, Vec<Target>>> {
        let mut source_targets = HashMap::<_, Vec<_>>::new();
        for target in targets {
            if let TargetSourcePath::Path(path) = target.src_path() {
                let full = package_root.join(path);
                source_targets.entry(full).or_default().push(target.clone());
            }
        }

        let conflict_targets = source_targets
            .into_iter()
            .filter(|(_, targets)| targets.len() > 1)
            .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();

        if !conflict_targets.is_empty() {
            return Err(conflict_targets);
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Checks syntax validity and unstable feature gate for each profile.
    ///
    /// It's a bit unfortunate both `-Z` flags and `cargo-features` are required,
    /// because profiles can now be set in either `Cargo.toml` or `config.toml`.
    fn validate_profiles(
        profiles: &manifest::TomlProfiles,
        cli_unstable: &CliUnstable,
        features: &Features,
        warnings: &mut Vec<String>,
    ) -> CargoResult<()> {
        for (name, profile) in &profiles.0 {
            validate_profile(profile, name, cli_unstable, features, warnings)?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Checks stytax validity and unstable feature gate for a given profile.
    pub fn validate_profile(
        root: &manifest::TomlProfile,
        name: &str,
        cli_unstable: &CliUnstable,
        features: &Features,
        warnings: &mut Vec<String>,
    ) -> CargoResult<()> {
        validate_profile_layer(root, name, cli_unstable, features)?;
        if let Some(ref profile) = root.build_override {
            validate_profile_override(profile, "build-override")?;
            validate_profile_layer(
                profile,
                &format!("{name}.build-override"),
                cli_unstable,
                features,
            )?;
        }
        if let Some(ref packages) = root.package {
            for (override_name, profile) in packages {
                validate_profile_override(profile, "package")?;
                validate_profile_layer(
                    profile,
                    &format!("{name}.package.{override_name}"),
                    cli_unstable,
                    features,
                )?;
            }
        }

        if let Some(dir_name) = &root.dir_name {
            // This is disabled for now, as we would like to stabilize named
            // profiles without this, and then decide in the future if it is
            // needed. This helps simplify the UI a little.
            bail!(
                "dir-name=\"{}\" in profile `{}` is not currently allowed, \
                     directory names are tied to the profile name for custom profiles",
                dir_name,
                name
            );
        }

        // `inherits` validation
        if matches!(root.inherits.as_deref(), Some("debug")) {
            bail!(
                "profile.{}.inherits=\"debug\" should be profile.{}.inherits=\"dev\"",
                name,
                name
            );
        }

        match name {
            "doc" => {
                warnings.push("profile `doc` is deprecated and has no effect".to_string());
            }
            "test" | "bench" => {
                if root.panic.is_some() {
                    warnings.push(format!("`panic` setting is ignored for `{}` profile", name))
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }

        if let Some(panic) = &root.panic {
            if panic != "unwind" && panic != "abort" {
                bail!(
                    "`panic` setting of `{}` is not a valid setting, \
                         must be `unwind` or `abort`",
                    panic
                );
            }
        }

        if let Some(manifest::StringOrBool::String(arg)) = &root.lto {
            if arg == "true" || arg == "false" {
                bail!(
                    "`lto` setting of string `\"{arg}\"` for `{name}` profile is not \
                         a valid setting, must be a boolean (`true`/`false`) or a string \
                        (`\"thin\"`/`\"fat\"`/`\"off\"`) or omitted.",
                );
            }
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Validates a profile.
    ///
    /// This is a shallow check, which is reused for the profile itself and any overrides.
    fn validate_profile_layer(
        profile: &manifest::TomlProfile,
        name: &str,
        cli_unstable: &CliUnstable,
        features: &Features,
    ) -> CargoResult<()> {
        if let Some(codegen_backend) = &profile.codegen_backend {
            match (
                features.require(Feature::codegen_backend()),
                cli_unstable.codegen_backend,
            ) {
                (Err(e), false) => return Err(e),
                _ => {}
            }

            if codegen_backend.contains(|c: char| !c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() && c != '_') {
                bail!(
                    "`profile.{}.codegen-backend` setting of `{}` is not a valid backend name.",
                    name,
                    codegen_backend,
                );
            }
        }
        if profile.rustflags.is_some() {
            match (
                features.require(Feature::profile_rustflags()),
                cli_unstable.profile_rustflags,
            ) {
                (Err(e), false) => return Err(e),
                _ => {}
            }
        }
        if profile.trim_paths.is_some() {
            match (
                features.require(Feature::trim_paths()),
                cli_unstable.trim_paths,
            ) {
                (Err(e), false) => return Err(e),
                _ => {}
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Validation that is specific to an override.
    fn validate_profile_override(profile: &manifest::TomlProfile, which: &str) -> CargoResult<()> {
        if profile.package.is_some() {
            bail!("package-specific profiles cannot be nested");
        }
        if profile.build_override.is_some() {
            bail!("build-override profiles cannot be nested");
        }
        if profile.panic.is_some() {
            bail!("`panic` may not be specified in a `{}` profile", which)
        }
        if profile.lto.is_some() {
            bail!("`lto` may not be specified in a `{}` profile", which)
        }
        if profile.rpath.is_some() {
            bail!("`rpath` may not be specified in a `{}` profile", which)
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn verify_lints(
        lints: Option<&manifest::TomlLints>,
        gctx: &GlobalContext,
        warnings: &mut Vec<String>,
    ) -> CargoResult<()> {
        let Some(lints) = lints else {
            return Ok(());
        };

        for (tool, lints) in lints {
            let supported = ["cargo", "clippy", "rust", "rustdoc"];
            if !supported.contains(&tool.as_str()) {
                let message = format!(
                    "unrecognized lint tool `lints.{tool}`, specifying unrecognized tools may break in the future.
    supported tools: {}",
                    supported.join(", "),
                );
                warnings.push(message);
                continue;
            }
            if tool == "cargo" && !gctx.cli_unstable().cargo_lints {
                warn_for_cargo_lint_feature(gctx, warnings);
            }
            for (name, config) in lints {
                if let Some((prefix, suffix)) = name.split_once("::") {
                    if tool == prefix {
                        anyhow::bail!(
                            "`lints.{tool}.{name}` is not valid lint name; try `lints.{prefix}.{suffix}`"
                        )
                    } else if tool == "rust" && supported.contains(&prefix) {
                        anyhow::bail!(
                            "`lints.{tool}.{name}` is not valid lint name; try `lints.{prefix}.{suffix}`"
                        )
                    } else {
                        anyhow::bail!("`lints.{tool}.{name}` is not a valid lint name")
                    }
                } else if let Some(config) = config.config() {
                    for config_name in config.keys() {
                        // manually report unused manifest key warning since we collect all the "extra"
                        // keys and values inside the config table
                        //
                        // except for `rust.unexpected_cfgs.check-cfg` which is used by rustc/rustdoc
                        if !(tool == "rust" && name == "unexpected_cfgs" && config_name == "check-cfg")
                        {
                            let message =
                                format!("unused manifest key: `lints.{tool}.{name}.{config_name}`");
                            warnings.push(message);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    fn warn_for_cargo_lint_feature(gctx: &GlobalContext, warnings: &mut Vec<String>) {
        use std::fmt::Write as _;

        let key_name = "lints.cargo";
        let feature_name = "cargo-lints";

        let mut message = String::new();

        let _ = write!(
            message,
            "unused manifest key `{key_name}` (may be supported in a future version)"
        );
        if gctx.nightly_features_allowed {
            let _ = write!(
                message,
                "

    consider passing `-Z{feature_name}` to enable this feature."
            );
        } else {
            let _ = write!(
                message,
                "

    this Cargo does not support nightly features, but if you
    switch to nightly channel you can pass
    `-Z{feature_name}` to enable this feature.",
            );
        }
        warnings.push(message);
    }

    fn lints_to_rustflags(lints: &manifest::TomlLints) -> Vec<String> {
        let mut rustflags = lints
            .iter()
            // We don't want to pass any of the `cargo` lints to `rustc`
            .filter(|(tool, _)| tool != &"cargo")
            .flat_map(|(tool, lints)| {
                lints.iter().map(move |(name, config)| {
                    let flag = match config.level() {
                        manifest::TomlLintLevel::Forbid => "--forbid",
                        manifest::TomlLintLevel::Deny => "--deny",
                        manifest::TomlLintLevel::Warn => "--warn",
                        manifest::TomlLintLevel::Allow => "--allow",
                    };

                    let option = if tool == "rust" {
                        format!("{flag}={name}")
                    } else {
                        format!("{flag}={tool}::{name}")
                    };
                    (
                        config.priority(),
                        // Since the most common group will be `all`, put it last so people are more
                        // likely to notice that they need to use `priority`.
                        std::cmp::Reverse(name),
                        option,
                    )
                })
            })
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
        rustflags.sort();
        rustflags.into_iter().map(|(_, _, option)| option).collect()
    }

    fn emit_diagnostic(
        e: toml_edit::de::Error,
        contents: &str,
        manifest_file: &Path,
        gctx: &GlobalContext,
    ) -> anyhow::Error {
        let Some(span) = e.span() else {
            return e.into();
        };

        // Get the path to the manifest, relative to the cwd
        let manifest_path = diff_paths(manifest_file, gctx.cwd())
            .unwrap_or_else(|| manifest_file.to_path_buf())
            .display()
            .to_string();
        let message = Level::Error.title(e.message()).snippet(
            Snippet::source(contents)
                .origin(&manifest_path)
                .fold(true)
                .annotation(Level::Error.span(span)),
        );
        if let Err(err) = gctx.shell().print_message(message) {
            return err.into();
        }
        return AlreadyPrintedError::new(e.into()).into();
    }

    /// Warn about paths that have been deprecated and may conflict.
    fn deprecated_underscore<T>(
        old: &Option<T>,
        new: &Option<T>,
        new_path: &str,
        name: &str,
        kind: &str,
        edition: Edition,
        warnings: &mut Vec<String>,
    ) -> CargoResult<()> {
        let old_path = new_path.replace("-", "_");
        if old.is_some() && Edition::Edition2024 <= edition {
            anyhow::bail!("`{old_path}` is unsupported as of the 2024 edition; instead use `{new_path}`\n(in the `{name}` {kind})");
        } else if old.is_some() && new.is_some() {
            warnings.push(format!(
                "`{old_path}` is redundant with `{new_path}`, preferring `{new_path}` in the `{name}` {kind}"
            ))
        } else if old.is_some() {
            warnings.push(format!(
                "`{old_path}` is deprecated in favor of `{new_path}` and will not work in the 2024 edition\n(in the `{name}` {kind})"
            ))
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn warn_on_unused(unused: &BTreeSet<String>, warnings: &mut Vec<String>) {
        for key in unused {
            warnings.push(format!("unused manifest key: {}", key));
            if key == "profiles.debug" {
                warnings.push("use `[profile.dev]` to configure debug builds".to_string());
            }
        }
    }

    fn unused_dep_keys(
        dep_name: &str,
        kind: &str,
        unused_keys: Vec<String>,
        warnings: &mut Vec<String>,
    ) {
        for unused in unused_keys {
            let key = format!("unused manifest key: {kind}.{dep_name}.{unused}");
            warnings.push(key);
        }
    }

    /// Make the [`Package`] self-contained so its ready for packaging
    pub fn prepare_for_publish(
        me: &Package,
        ws: &Workspace<'_>,
        packaged_files: Option<&[PathBuf]>,
    ) -> CargoResult<Package> {
        let contents = me.manifest().contents();
        let document = me.manifest().document();
        let original_toml = prepare_toml_for_publish(
            me.manifest().normalized_toml(),
            ws,
            me.root(),
            packaged_files,
        )?;
        let normalized_toml = original_toml.clone();
        let features = me.manifest().unstable_features().clone();
        let workspace_config = me.manifest().workspace_config().clone();
        let source_id = me.package_id().source_id();
        let mut warnings = Default::default();
        let mut errors = Default::default();
        let gctx = ws.gctx();
        let manifest = to_real_manifest(
            contents.to_owned(),
            document.clone(),
            original_toml,
            normalized_toml,
            features,
            workspace_config,
            source_id,
            me.manifest_path(),
            gctx,
            &mut warnings,
            &mut errors,
        )?;
        let new_pkg = Package::new(manifest, me.manifest_path());
        Ok(new_pkg)
    }

    /// Prepares the manifest for publishing.
    // - Path and git components of dependency specifications are removed.
    // - License path is updated to point within the package.
    fn prepare_toml_for_publish(
        me: &manifest::TomlManifest,
        ws: &Workspace<'_>,
        package_root: &Path,
        packaged_files: Option<&[PathBuf]>,
    ) -> CargoResult<manifest::TomlManifest> {
        let gctx = ws.gctx();

        if me
            .cargo_features
            .iter()
            .flat_map(|f| f.iter())
            .any(|f| f == "open-namespaces")
        {
            anyhow::bail!("cannot publish with `open-namespaces`")
        }

        let mut package = me.package().unwrap().clone();
        package.workspace = None;
        if let Some(StringOrBool::String(path)) = &package.build {
            let path = paths::normalize_path(Path::new(path));
            let included = packaged_files.map(|i| i.contains(&path)).unwrap_or(true);
            let build = if included {
                let path = path
                    .into_os_string()
                    .into_string()
                    .map_err(|_err| anyhow::format_err!("non-UTF8 `package.build`"))?;
                let path = normalize_path_string_sep(path);
                StringOrBool::String(path)
            } else {
                ws.gctx().shell().warn(format!(
                    "ignoring `package.build` as `{}` is not included in the published package",
                    path.display()
                ))?;
                StringOrBool::Bool(false)
            };
            package.build = Some(build);
        }
        let current_resolver = package
            .resolver
            .as_ref()
            .map(|r| ResolveBehavior::from_manifest(r))
            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
                package
                    .edition
                    .as_ref()
                    .and_then(|e| e.as_value())
                    .map(|e| Edition::from_str(e))
                    .unwrap_or(Ok(Edition::Edition2015))
                    .map(|e| e.default_resolve_behavior())
            })?;
        if ws.resolve_behavior() != current_resolver {
            // This ensures the published crate if built as a root (e.g. `cargo install`) will
            // use the same resolver behavior it was tested with in the workspace.
            // To avoid forcing a higher MSRV we don't explicitly set this if it would implicitly
            // result in the same thing.
            package.resolver = Some(ws.resolve_behavior().to_manifest());
        }
        if let Some(license_file) = &package.license_file {
            let license_file = license_file
                .as_value()
                .context("license file should have been resolved before `prepare_for_publish()`")?;
            let license_path = Path::new(&license_file);
            let abs_license_path = paths::normalize_path(&package_root.join(license_path));
            if let Ok(license_file) = abs_license_path.strip_prefix(package_root) {
                package.license_file = Some(manifest::InheritableField::Value(
                    normalize_path_string_sep(
                        license_file
                            .to_str()
                            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::format_err!("non-UTF8 `package.license-file`"))?
                            .to_owned(),
                    ),
                ));
            } else {
                // This path points outside of the package root. `cargo package`
                // will copy it into the root, so adjust the path to this location.
                package.license_file = Some(manifest::InheritableField::Value(
                    license_path
                        .file_name()
                        .unwrap()
                        .to_str()
                        .unwrap()
                        .to_string(),
                ));
            }
        }

        if let Some(readme) = &package.readme {
            let readme = readme
                .as_value()
                .context("readme should have been resolved before `prepare_for_publish()`")?;
            match readme {
                manifest::StringOrBool::String(readme) => {
                    let readme_path = Path::new(&readme);
                    let abs_readme_path = paths::normalize_path(&package_root.join(readme_path));
                    if let Ok(readme_path) = abs_readme_path.strip_prefix(package_root) {
                        package.readme = Some(manifest::InheritableField::Value(StringOrBool::String(
                            normalize_path_string_sep(
                                readme_path
                                    .to_str()
                                    .ok_or_else(|| {
                                        anyhow::format_err!("non-UTF8 `package.license-file`")
                                    })?
                                    .to_owned(),
                            ),
                        )));
                    } else {
                        // This path points outside of the package root. `cargo package`
                        // will copy it into the root, so adjust the path to this location.
                        package.readme = Some(manifest::InheritableField::Value(
                            manifest::StringOrBool::String(
                                readme_path
                                    .file_name()
                                    .unwrap()
                                    .to_str()
                                    .unwrap()
                                    .to_string(),
                            ),
                        ));
                    }
                }
                manifest::StringOrBool::Bool(_) => {}
            }
        }

        let lib = if let Some(target) = &me.lib {
            prepare_target_for_publish(target, packaged_files, "library", ws.gctx())?
        } else {
            None
        };
        let bin = prepare_targets_for_publish(me.bin.as_ref(), packaged_files, "binary", ws.gctx())?;
        let example =
            prepare_targets_for_publish(me.example.as_ref(), packaged_files, "example", ws.gctx())?;
        let test = prepare_targets_for_publish(me.test.as_ref(), packaged_files, "test", ws.gctx())?;
        let bench =
            prepare_targets_for_publish(me.bench.as_ref(), packaged_files, "benchmark", ws.gctx())?;

        let all = |_d: &manifest::TomlDependency| true;
        let mut manifest = manifest::TomlManifest {
            package: Some(package),
            project: None,
            profile: me.profile.clone(),
            lib,
            bin,
            example,
            test,
            bench,
            dependencies: map_deps(gctx, me.dependencies.as_ref(), all)?,
            dev_dependencies: map_deps(
                gctx,
                me.dev_dependencies(),
                manifest::TomlDependency::is_version_specified,
            )?,
            dev_dependencies2: None,
            build_dependencies: map_deps(gctx, me.build_dependencies(), all)?,
            build_dependencies2: None,
            features: me.features.clone(),
            target: match me.target.as_ref().map(|target_map| {
                target_map
                    .iter()
                    .map(|(k, v)| {
                        Ok((
                            k.clone(),
                            manifest::TomlPlatform {
                                dependencies: map_deps(gctx, v.dependencies.as_ref(), all)?,
                                dev_dependencies: map_deps(
                                    gctx,
                                    v.dev_dependencies(),
                                    manifest::TomlDependency::is_version_specified,
                                )?,
                                dev_dependencies2: None,
                                build_dependencies: map_deps(gctx, v.build_dependencies(), all)?,
                                build_dependencies2: None,
                            },
                        ))
                    })
                    .collect()
            }) {
                Some(Ok(v)) => Some(v),
                Some(Err(e)) => return Err(e),
                None => None,
            },
            replace: None,
            patch: None,
            workspace: None,
            badges: me.badges.clone(),
            cargo_features: me.cargo_features.clone(),
            lints: me.lints.clone(),
            _unused_keys: Default::default(),
        };
        strip_features(&mut manifest);
        return Ok(manifest);

        fn strip_features(manifest: &mut TomlManifest) {
            fn insert_dep_name(
                dep_name_set: &mut BTreeSet<manifest::PackageName>,
                deps: Option<&BTreeMap<manifest::PackageName, manifest::InheritableDependency>>,
            ) {
                let Some(deps) = deps else {
                    return;
                };
                deps.iter().for_each(|(k, _v)| {
                    dep_name_set.insert(k.clone());
                });
            }
            let mut dep_name_set = BTreeSet::new();
            insert_dep_name(&mut dep_name_set, manifest.dependencies.as_ref());
            insert_dep_name(&mut dep_name_set, manifest.dev_dependencies());
            insert_dep_name(&mut dep_name_set, manifest.build_dependencies());
            if let Some(target_map) = manifest.target.as_ref() {
                target_map.iter().for_each(|(_k, v)| {
                    insert_dep_name(&mut dep_name_set, v.dependencies.as_ref());
                    insert_dep_name(&mut dep_name_set, v.dev_dependencies());
                    insert_dep_name(&mut dep_name_set, v.build_dependencies());
                });
            }
            let features = manifest.features.as_mut();

            let Some(features) = features else {
                return;
            };

            features.values_mut().for_each(|feature_deps| {
                feature_deps.retain(|feature_dep| {
                    let feature_value = FeatureValue::new(InternedString::new(feature_dep));
                    match feature_value {
                        FeatureValue::Dep { dep_name } | FeatureValue::DepFeature { dep_name, .. } => {
                            let k = &manifest::PackageName::new(dep_name.to_string()).unwrap();
                            dep_name_set.contains(k)
                        }
                        _ => true,
                    }
                });
            });
        }

        fn map_deps(
            gctx: &GlobalContext,
            deps: Option<&BTreeMap<manifest::PackageName, manifest::InheritableDependency>>,
            filter: impl Fn(&manifest::TomlDependency) -> bool,
        ) -> CargoResult<Option<BTreeMap<manifest::PackageName, manifest::InheritableDependency>>> {
            let Some(deps) = deps else {
                return Ok(None);
            };
            let deps = deps
                .iter()
                .filter(|(_k, v)| {
                    if let manifest::InheritableDependency::Value(def) = v {
                        filter(def)
                    } else {
                        false
                    }
                })
                .map(|(k, v)| Ok((k.clone(), map_dependency(gctx, v)?)))
                .collect::<CargoResult<BTreeMap<_, _>>>()?;
            Ok(Some(deps))
        }

        fn map_dependency(
            gctx: &GlobalContext,
            dep: &manifest::InheritableDependency,
        ) -> CargoResult<manifest::InheritableDependency> {
            let dep = match dep {
                manifest::InheritableDependency::Value(manifest::TomlDependency::Detailed(d)) => {
                    let mut d = d.clone();
                    // Path dependencies become crates.io deps.
                    d.path.take();
                    d.base.take();
                    // Same with git dependencies.
                    d.git.take();
                    d.branch.take();
                    d.tag.take();
                    d.rev.take();
                    // registry specifications are elaborated to the index URL
                    if let Some(registry) = d.registry.take() {
                        d.registry_index = Some(gctx.get_registry_index(&registry)?.to_string());
                    }
                    Ok(d)
                }
                manifest::InheritableDependency::Value(manifest::TomlDependency::Simple(s)) => {
                    Ok(manifest::TomlDetailedDependency {
                        version: Some(s.clone()),
                        ..Default::default()
                    })
                }
                _ => unreachable!(),
            };
            dep.map(manifest::TomlDependency::Detailed)
                .map(manifest::InheritableDependency::Value)
        }
    }

    pub fn prepare_targets_for_publish(
        targets: Option<&Vec<manifest::TomlTarget>>,
        packaged_files: Option<&[PathBuf]>,
        context: &str,
        gctx: &GlobalContext,
    ) -> CargoResult<Option<Vec<manifest::TomlTarget>>> {
        let Some(targets) = targets else {
            return Ok(None);
        };

        let mut prepared = Vec::with_capacity(targets.len());
        for target in targets {
            let Some(target) = prepare_target_for_publish(target, packaged_files, context, gctx)?
            else {
                continue;
            };
            prepared.push(target);
        }

        if prepared.is_empty() {
            Ok(None)
        } else {
            Ok(Some(prepared))
        }
    }

    pub fn prepare_target_for_publish(
        target: &manifest::TomlTarget,
        packaged_files: Option<&[PathBuf]>,
        context: &str,
        gctx: &GlobalContext,
    ) -> CargoResult<Option<manifest::TomlTarget>> {
        let path = target.path.as_ref().expect("previously normalized");
        let path = normalize_path(&path.0);
        if let Some(packaged_files) = packaged_files {
            if !packaged_files.contains(&path) {
                let name = target.name.as_ref().expect("previously normalized");
                gctx.shell().warn(format!(
                    "ignoring {context} `{name}` as `{}` is not included in the published package",
                    path.display()
                ))?;
                return Ok(None);
            }
        }

        let mut target = target.clone();
        let path = normalize_path_sep(path, context)?;
        target.path = Some(manifest::PathValue(path.into()));

        Ok(Some(target))
    }

    fn normalize_path_sep(path: PathBuf, context: &str) -> CargoResult<PathBuf> {
        let path = path
            .into_os_string()
            .into_string()
            .map_err(|_err| anyhow::format_err!("non-UTF8 path for {context}"))?;
        let path = normalize_path_string_sep(path);
        Ok(path.into())
    }

    pub fn normalize_path_string_sep(path: String) -> String {
        if std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR != '/' {
            path.replace(std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR, "/")
        } else {
            path
        }
    }