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    //! Timing tracking.
    //!
    //! This module implements some simple tracking information for timing of how
    //! long it takes for different units to compile.
    use super::{CompileMode, Unit};
    use crate::core::compiler::job_queue::JobId;
    use crate::core::compiler::{BuildContext, Context, TimingOutput};
    use crate::core::PackageId;
    use crate::util::cpu::State;
    use crate::util::machine_message::{self, Message};
    use crate::util::style;
    use crate::util::{CargoResult, Config};
    use anyhow::Context as _;
    use cargo_util::paths;
    use std::collections::HashMap;
    use std::io::{BufWriter, Write};
    use std::thread::available_parallelism;
    use std::time::{Duration, Instant, SystemTime};

    /// Tracking information for the entire build.
    ///
    /// Methods on this structure are generally called from the main thread of a
    /// running [`JobQueue`] instance (`DrainState` in specific) when the queue
    /// receives messages from spawned off threads.
    ///
    /// [`JobQueue`]: super::JobQueue
    pub struct Timings<'cfg> {
        config: &'cfg Config,
        /// Whether or not timings should be captured.
        enabled: bool,
        /// If true, saves an HTML report to disk.
        report_html: bool,
        /// If true, emits JSON information with timing information.
        report_json: bool,
        /// When Cargo started.
        start: Instant,
        /// A rendered string of when compilation started.
        start_str: String,
        /// A summary of the root units.
        ///
        /// Tuples of `(package_description, target_descriptions)`.
        root_targets: Vec<(String, Vec<String>)>,
        /// The build profile.
        profile: String,
        /// Total number of fresh units.
        total_fresh: u32,
        /// Total number of dirty units.
        total_dirty: u32,
        /// Time tracking for each individual unit.
        unit_times: Vec<UnitTime>,
        /// Units that are in the process of being built.
        /// When they finished, they are moved to `unit_times`.
        active: HashMap<JobId, UnitTime>,
        /// Concurrency-tracking information. This is periodically updated while
        /// compilation progresses.
        concurrency: Vec<Concurrency>,
        /// Last recorded state of the system's CPUs and when it happened
        last_cpu_state: Option<State>,
        last_cpu_recording: Instant,
        /// Recorded CPU states, stored as tuples. First element is when the
        /// recording was taken and second element is percentage usage of the
        /// system.
        cpu_usage: Vec<(f64, f64)>,
    }

    /// Tracking information for an individual unit.
    struct UnitTime {
        unit: Unit,
        /// A string describing the cargo target.
        target: String,
        /// The time when this unit started as an offset in seconds from `Timings::start`.
        start: f64,
        /// Total time to build this unit in seconds.
        duration: f64,
        /// The time when the `.rmeta` file was generated, an offset in seconds
        /// from `start`.
        rmeta_time: Option<f64>,
        /// Reverse deps that are freed to run after this unit finished.
        unlocked_units: Vec<Unit>,
        /// Same as `unlocked_units`, but unlocked by rmeta.
        unlocked_rmeta_units: Vec<Unit>,
    }

    /// Periodic concurrency tracking information.
    #[derive(serde::Serialize)]
    struct Concurrency {
        /// Time as an offset in seconds from `Timings::start`.
        t: f64,
        /// Number of units currently running.
        active: usize,
        /// Number of units that could run, but are waiting for a jobserver token.
        waiting: usize,
        /// Number of units that are not yet ready, because they are waiting for
        /// dependencies to finish.
        inactive: usize,
    }

    impl<'cfg> Timings<'cfg> {
        pub fn new(bcx: &BuildContext<'_, 'cfg>, root_units: &[Unit]) -> Timings<'cfg> {
            let has_report = |what| bcx.build_config.timing_outputs.contains(&what);
            let report_html = has_report(TimingOutput::Html);
            let report_json = has_report(TimingOutput::Json);
            let enabled = report_html | report_json;

            let mut root_map: HashMap<PackageId, Vec<String>> = HashMap::new();
            for unit in root_units {
                let target_desc = unit.target.description_named();
                root_map
                    .entry(unit.pkg.package_id())
                    .or_default()
                    .push(target_desc);
            }
            let root_targets = root_map
                .into_iter()
                .map(|(pkg_id, targets)| {
                    let pkg_desc = format!("{} {}", pkg_id.name(), pkg_id.version());
                    (pkg_desc, targets)
                })
                .collect();
            let start_str = humantime::format_rfc3339_seconds(SystemTime::now()).to_string();
            let profile = bcx.build_config.requested_profile.to_string();
            let last_cpu_state = if enabled {
                match State::current() {
                    Ok(state) => Some(state),
                    Err(e) => {
                        tracing::info!("failed to get CPU state, CPU tracking disabled: {:?}", e);
                        None
                    }
                }
            } else {
                None
            };

            Timings {
                config: bcx.config,
                enabled,
                report_html,
                report_json,
                start: bcx.config.creation_time(),
                start_str,
                root_targets,
                profile,
                total_fresh: 0,
                total_dirty: 0,
                unit_times: Vec::new(),
                active: HashMap::new(),
                concurrency: Vec::new(),
                last_cpu_state,
                last_cpu_recording: Instant::now(),
                cpu_usage: Vec::new(),
            }
        }

        /// Mark that a unit has started running.
        pub fn unit_start(&mut self, id: JobId, unit: Unit) {
            if !self.enabled {
                return;
            }
            let mut target = if unit.target.is_lib() && unit.mode == CompileMode::Build {
                // Special case for brevity, since most dependencies hit
                // this path.
                "".to_string()
            } else {
                format!(" {}", unit.target.description_named())
            };
            match unit.mode {
                CompileMode::Test => target.push_str(" (test)"),
                CompileMode::Build => {}
                CompileMode::Check { test: true } => target.push_str(" (check-test)"),
                CompileMode::Check { test: false } => target.push_str(" (check)"),
                CompileMode::Bench => target.push_str(" (bench)"),
                CompileMode::Doc { .. } => target.push_str(" (doc)"),
                CompileMode::Doctest => target.push_str(" (doc test)"),
                CompileMode::Docscrape => target.push_str(" (doc scrape)"),
                CompileMode::RunCustomBuild => target.push_str(" (run)"),
            }
            let unit_time = UnitTime {
                unit,
                target,
                start: self.start.elapsed().as_secs_f64(),
                duration: 0.0,
                rmeta_time: None,
                unlocked_units: Vec::new(),
                unlocked_rmeta_units: Vec::new(),
            };
            assert!(self.active.insert(id, unit_time).is_none());
        }

        /// Mark that the `.rmeta` file as generated.
        pub fn unit_rmeta_finished(&mut self, id: JobId, unlocked: Vec<&Unit>) {
            if !self.enabled {
                return;
            }
            // `id` may not always be active. "fresh" units unconditionally
            // generate `Message::Finish`, but this active map only tracks dirty
            // units.
            let Some(unit_time) = self.active.get_mut(&id) else {
                return;
            };
            let t = self.start.elapsed().as_secs_f64();
            unit_time.rmeta_time = Some(t - unit_time.start);
            assert!(unit_time.unlocked_rmeta_units.is_empty());
            unit_time
                .unlocked_rmeta_units
                .extend(unlocked.iter().cloned().cloned());
        }

        /// Mark that a unit has finished running.
        pub fn unit_finished(&mut self, id: JobId, unlocked: Vec<&Unit>) {
            if !self.enabled {
                return;
            }
            // See note above in `unit_rmeta_finished`, this may not always be active.
            let Some(mut unit_time) = self.active.remove(&id) else {
                return;
            };
            let t = self.start.elapsed().as_secs_f64();
            unit_time.duration = t - unit_time.start;
            assert!(unit_time.unlocked_units.is_empty());
            unit_time
                .unlocked_units
                .extend(unlocked.iter().cloned().cloned());
            if self.report_json {
                let msg = machine_message::TimingInfo {
                    package_id: unit_time.unit.pkg.package_id(),
                    target: &unit_time.unit.target,
                    mode: unit_time.unit.mode,
                    duration: unit_time.duration,
                    rmeta_time: unit_time.rmeta_time,
                }
                .to_json_string();
                crate::drop_println!(self.config, "{}", msg);
            }
            self.unit_times.push(unit_time);
        }

        /// This is called periodically to mark the concurrency of internal structures.
        pub fn mark_concurrency(&mut self, active: usize, waiting: usize, inactive: usize) {
            if !self.enabled {
                return;
            }
            let c = Concurrency {
                t: self.start.elapsed().as_secs_f64(),
                active,
                waiting,
                inactive,
            };
            self.concurrency.push(c);
        }

        /// Mark that a fresh unit was encountered. (No re-compile needed)
        pub fn add_fresh(&mut self) {
            self.total_fresh += 1;
        }

        /// Mark that a dirty unit was encountered. (Re-compile needed)
        pub fn add_dirty(&mut self) {
            self.total_dirty += 1;
        }

        /// Take a sample of CPU usage
        pub fn record_cpu(&mut self) {
            if !self.enabled {
                return;
            }
            let Some(prev) = &mut self.last_cpu_state else {
                return;
            };
            // Don't take samples too frequently, even if requested.
            let now = Instant::now();
            if self.last_cpu_recording.elapsed() < Duration::from_millis(100) {
                return;
            }
            let current = match State::current() {
                Ok(s) => s,
                Err(e) => {
                    tracing::info!("failed to get CPU state: {:?}", e);
                    return;
                }
            };
            let pct_idle = current.idle_since(prev);
            *prev = current;
            self.last_cpu_recording = now;
            let dur = now.duration_since(self.start).as_secs_f64();
            self.cpu_usage.push((dur, 100.0 - pct_idle));
        }

        /// Call this when all units are finished.
        pub fn finished(
            &mut self,
            cx: &Context<'_, '_>,
            error: &Option<anyhow::Error>,
        ) -> CargoResult<()> {
            if !self.enabled {
                return Ok(());
            }
            self.mark_concurrency(0, 0, 0);
            self.unit_times
                .sort_unstable_by(|a, b| a.start.partial_cmp(&b.start).unwrap());
            if self.report_html {
                self.report_html(cx, error)
                    .with_context(|| "failed to save timing report")?;
            }
            Ok(())
        }

        /// Save HTML report to disk.
        fn report_html(&self, cx: &Context<'_, '_>, error: &Option<anyhow::Error>) -> CargoResult<()> {
            let duration = self.start.elapsed().as_secs_f64();
            let timestamp = self.start_str.replace(&['-', ':'][..], "");
            let timings_path = cx.files().host_root().join("cargo-timings");
            paths::create_dir_all(&timings_path)?;
            let filename = timings_path.join(format!("cargo-timing-{}.html", timestamp));
            let mut f = BufWriter::new(paths::create(&filename)?);
            let roots: Vec<&str> = self
                .root_targets
                .iter()
                .map(|(name, _targets)| name.as_str())
                .collect();
            f.write_all(HTML_TMPL.replace("{ROOTS}", &roots.join(", ")).as_bytes())?;
            self.write_summary_table(&mut f, duration, cx.bcx, error)?;
            f.write_all(HTML_CANVAS.as_bytes())?;
            self.write_unit_table(&mut f)?;
            // It helps with pixel alignment to use whole numbers.
            writeln!(
                f,
                "<script>\n\
                 DURATION = {};",
                f64::ceil(duration) as u32
            )?;
            self.write_js_data(&mut f)?;
            write!(
                f,
                "{}\n\
                 </script>\n\
                 </body>\n\
                 </html>\n\
                 ",
                include_str!("timings.js")
            )?;
            drop(f);

            let unstamped_filename = timings_path.join("cargo-timing.html");
            paths::link_or_copy(&filename, &unstamped_filename)?;

            let mut shell = self.config.shell();
            let timing_path = std::env::current_dir().unwrap_or_default().join(&filename);
            let link = shell.err_file_hyperlink(&timing_path);
            let msg = format!(
                "report saved to {}{}{}",
                link.open(),
                timing_path.display(),
                link.close()
            );
            shell.status_with_color("Timing", msg, &style::NOTE)?;

            Ok(())
        }

        /// Render the summary table.
        fn write_summary_table(
            &self,
            f: &mut impl Write,
            duration: f64,
            bcx: &BuildContext<'_, '_>,
            error: &Option<anyhow::Error>,
        ) -> CargoResult<()> {
            let targets: Vec<String> = self
                .root_targets
                .iter()
                .map(|(name, targets)| format!("{} ({})", name, targets.join(", ")))
                .collect();
            let targets = targets.join("<br>");
            let time_human = if duration > 60.0 {
                format!(" ({}m {:.1}s)", duration as u32 / 60, duration % 60.0)
            } else {
                "".to_string()
            };
            let total_time = format!("{:.1}s{}", duration, time_human);
            let max_concurrency = self.concurrency.iter().map(|c| c.active).max().unwrap();
            let num_cpus = available_parallelism()
                .map(|x| x.get().to_string())
                .unwrap_or_else(|_| "n/a".into());
            let rustc_info = render_rustc_info(bcx);
            let error_msg = match error {
                Some(e) => format!(r#"<tr><td class="error-text">Error:</td><td>{e}</td></tr>"#),
                None => "".to_string(),
            };
            write!(
                f,
                r#"
    <table class="my-table summary-table">
      <tr>
        <td>Targets:</td><td>{}</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Profile:</td><td>{}</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Fresh units:</td><td>{}</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Dirty units:</td><td>{}</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Total units:</td><td>{}</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Max concurrency:</td><td>{} (jobs={} ncpu={})</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Build start:</td><td>{}</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Total time:</td><td>{}</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>rustc:</td><td>{}</td>
      </tr>
    {}
    </table>
    "#,
                targets,
                self.profile,
                self.total_fresh,
                self.total_dirty,
                self.total_fresh + self.total_dirty,
                max_concurrency,
                bcx.jobs(),
                num_cpus,
                self.start_str,
                total_time,
                rustc_info,
                error_msg,
            )?;
            Ok(())
        }

        /// Write timing data in JavaScript. Primarily for `timings.js` to put data
        /// in a `<script>` HTML element to draw graphs.
        fn write_js_data(&self, f: &mut impl Write) -> CargoResult<()> {
            // Create a map to link indices of unlocked units.
            let unit_map: HashMap<Unit, usize> = self
                .unit_times
                .iter()
                .enumerate()
                .map(|(i, ut)| (ut.unit.clone(), i))
                .collect();
            #[derive(serde::Serialize)]
            struct UnitData {
                i: usize,
                name: String,
                version: String,
                mode: String,
                target: String,
                start: f64,
                duration: f64,
                rmeta_time: Option<f64>,
                unlocked_units: Vec<usize>,
                unlocked_rmeta_units: Vec<usize>,
            }
            let round = |x: f64| (x * 100.0).round() / 100.0;
            let unit_data: Vec<UnitData> = self
                .unit_times
                .iter()
                .enumerate()
                .map(|(i, ut)| {
                    let mode = if ut.unit.mode.is_run_custom_build() {
                        "run-custom-build"
                    } else {
                        "todo"
                    }
                    .to_string();

                    // These filter on the unlocked units because not all unlocked
                    // units are actually "built". For example, Doctest mode units
                    // don't actually generate artifacts.
                    let unlocked_units: Vec<usize> = ut
                        .unlocked_units
                        .iter()
                        .filter_map(|unit| unit_map.get(unit).copied())
                        .collect();
                    let unlocked_rmeta_units: Vec<usize> = ut
                        .unlocked_rmeta_units
                        .iter()
                        .filter_map(|unit| unit_map.get(unit).copied())
                        .collect();
                    UnitData {
                        i,
                        name: ut.unit.pkg.name().to_string(),
                        version: ut.unit.pkg.version().to_string(),
                        mode,
                        target: ut.target.clone(),
                        start: round(ut.start),
                        duration: round(ut.duration),
                        rmeta_time: ut.rmeta_time.map(round),
                        unlocked_units,
                        unlocked_rmeta_units,
                    }
                })
                .collect();
            writeln!(
                f,
                "const UNIT_DATA = {};",
                serde_json::to_string_pretty(&unit_data)?
            )?;
            writeln!(
                f,
                "const CONCURRENCY_DATA = {};",
                serde_json::to_string_pretty(&self.concurrency)?
            )?;
            writeln!(
                f,
                "const CPU_USAGE = {};",
                serde_json::to_string_pretty(&self.cpu_usage)?
            )?;
            Ok(())
        }

        /// Render the table of all units.
        fn write_unit_table(&self, f: &mut impl Write) -> CargoResult<()> {
            write!(
                f,
                r#"
    <table class="my-table">
      <thead>
        <tr>
          <th></th>
          <th>Unit</th>
          <th>Total</th>
          <th>Codegen</th>
          <th>Features</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
    "#
            )?;
            let mut units: Vec<&UnitTime> = self.unit_times.iter().collect();
            units.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| b.duration.partial_cmp(&a.duration).unwrap());
            for (i, unit) in units.iter().enumerate() {
                let codegen = match unit.codegen_time() {
                    None => "".to_string(),
                    Some((_rt, ctime, cent)) => format!("{:.1}s ({:.0}%)", ctime, cent),
                };
                let features = unit.unit.features.join(", ");
                write!(
                    f,
                    r#"
    <tr>
      <td>{}.</td>
      <td>{}{}</td>
      <td>{:.1}s</td>
      <td>{}</td>
      <td>{}</td>
    </tr>
    "#,
                    i + 1,
                    unit.name_ver(),
                    unit.target,
                    unit.duration,
                    codegen,
                    features,
                )?;
            }
            write!(f, "</tbody>\n</table>\n")?;
            Ok(())
        }
    }

    impl UnitTime {
        /// Returns the codegen time as (rmeta_time, codegen_time, percent of total)
        fn codegen_time(&self) -> Option<(f64, f64, f64)> {
            self.rmeta_time.map(|rmeta_time| {
                let ctime = self.duration - rmeta_time;
                let cent = (ctime / self.duration) * 100.0;
                (rmeta_time, ctime, cent)
            })
        }

        fn name_ver(&self) -> String {
            format!("{} v{}", self.unit.pkg.name(), self.unit.pkg.version())
        }
    }

    fn render_rustc_info(bcx: &BuildContext<'_, '_>) -> String {
        let version = bcx
            .rustc()
            .verbose_version
            .lines()
            .next()
            .expect("rustc version");
        let requested_target = bcx
            .build_config
            .requested_kinds
            .iter()
            .map(|kind| bcx.target_data.short_name(kind))
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            .join(", ");
        format!(
            "{}<br>Host: {}<br>Target: {}",
            version,
            bcx.rustc().host,
            requested_target
        )
    }

    static HTML_TMPL: &str = r#"
    <html>
    <head>
      <title>Cargo Build Timings — {ROOTS}</title>
      <meta charset="utf-8">
    <style type="text/css">
    html {
      font-family: sans-serif;
    }

    .canvas-container {
      position: relative;
      margin-top: 5px;
      margin-bottom: 5px;
    }

    h1 {
      border-bottom: 1px solid #c0c0c0;
    }

    .graph {
      display: block;
    }

    .my-table {
      margin-top: 20px;
      margin-bottom: 20px;
      border-collapse: collapse;
      box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    }

    .my-table th {
      color: #d5dde5;
      background: #1b1e24;
      border-bottom: 4px solid #9ea7af;
      border-right: 1px solid #343a45;
      font-size: 18px;
      font-weight: 100;
      padding: 12px;
      text-align: left;
      vertical-align: middle;
    }

    .my-table th:first-child {
      border-top-left-radius: 3px;
    }

    .my-table th:last-child {
      border-top-right-radius: 3px;
      border-right:none;
    }

    .my-table tr {
      border-top: 1px solid #c1c3d1;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #c1c3d1;
      font-size: 16px;
      font-weight: normal;
    }

    .my-table tr:first-child {
      border-top:none;
    }

    .my-table tr:last-child {
      border-bottom:none;
    }

    .my-table tr:nth-child(odd) td {
      background: #ebebeb;
    }

    .my-table tr:last-child td:first-child {
      border-bottom-left-radius:3px;
    }

    .my-table tr:last-child td:last-child {
      border-bottom-right-radius:3px;
    }

    .my-table td {
      background: #ffffff;
      padding: 10px;
      text-align: left;
      vertical-align: middle;
      font-weight: 300;
      font-size: 14px;
      border-right: 1px solid #C1C3D1;
    }

    .my-table td:last-child {
      border-right: 0px;
    }

    .summary-table td:first-child {
      vertical-align: top;
      text-align: right;
    }

    .input-table td {
      text-align: center;
    }

    .error-text {
      color: #e80000;
    }

    </style>
    </head>
    <body>

    <h1>Cargo Build Timings</h1>
    See <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/cargo/reference/timings.html">Documentation</a>
    "#;

    static HTML_CANVAS: &str = r#"
    <table class="input-table">
      <tr>
        <td><label for="min-unit-time">Min unit time:</label></td>
        <td><label for="scale">Scale:</label></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td><input type="range" min="0" max="30" step="0.1" value="0" id="min-unit-time"></td>
        <td><input type="range" min="1" max="50" value="20" id="scale"></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td><output for="min-unit-time" id="min-unit-time-output"></output></td>
        <td><output for="scale" id="scale-output"></output></td>
      </tr>
    </table>

    <div id="pipeline-container" class="canvas-container">
     <canvas id="pipeline-graph" class="graph" style="position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 0;"></canvas>
     <canvas id="pipeline-graph-lines" style="position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 1; pointer-events:none;"></canvas>
    </div>
    <div class="canvas-container">
      <canvas id="timing-graph" class="graph"></canvas>
    </div>
    "#;