Tilt [![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/rtomayko/tilt.svg)](http://travis-ci.org/rtomayko/tilt) [![Inline docs](http://inch-ci.org/github/rtomayko/tilt.svg)](http://inch-ci.org/github/rtomayko/tilt) [![Security](https://hakiri.io/github/rtomayko/tilt/master.svg)](https://hakiri.io/github/rtomayko/tilt/master)
====

**NOTE** The following file documents the current release of Tilt (2.0). See
https://github.com/rtomayko/tilt/tree/tilt-1 for documentation for Tilt 1.4.

Tilt is a thin interface over a bunch of different Ruby template engines in
an attempt to make their usage as generic as possible. This is useful for web
frameworks, static site generators, and other systems that support multiple
template engines but don't want to code for each of them individually.

The following features are supported for all template engines (assuming the
feature is relevant to the engine):

 * Custom template evaluation scopes / bindings
 * Ability to pass locals to template evaluation
 * Support for passing a block to template evaluation for "yield"
 * Backtraces with correct filenames and line numbers
 * Template file caching and reloading
 * Fast, method-based template source compilation

The primary goal is to get all of the things listed above right for all
template engines included in the distribution.

Support for these template engines is included with the package:

| Engine                  | File Extensions        | Required Libraries                         | Maintainer  |
| ----------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | ----------- |
| Asciidoctor             | .ad, .adoc, .asciidoc  | asciidoctor (>= 0.1.0)                     | Community   |
| ERB                     | .erb, .rhtml           | none (included ruby stdlib)                | Tilt team   |
| InterpolatedString      | .str                   | none (included ruby core)                  | Tilt team   |
| Erubi                   | .erb, .rhtml, .erubi   | erubi                                      | Community   |
| Erubis                  | .erb, .rhtml, .erubis  | erubis                                     | Tilt team   |
| Haml                    | .haml                  | haml                                       | Tilt team   |
| Sass                    | .sass                  | haml (< 3.1) or sass (>= 3.1)              | Tilt team   |
| Scss                    | .scss                  | haml (< 3.1) or sass (>= 3.1)              | Tilt team   |
| Less CSS                | .less                  | less                                       | Tilt team   |
| Builder                 | .builder               | builder                                    | Tilt team   |
| Liquid                  | .liquid                | liquid                                     | Community   |
| RDiscount               | .markdown, .mkd, .md   | rdiscount                                  | Community   |
| Redcarpet               | .markdown, .mkd, .md   | redcarpet                                  | Community   |
| BlueCloth               | .markdown, .mkd, .md   | bluecloth                                  | Community   |
| Kramdown                | .markdown, .mkd, .md   | kramdown                                   | Community   |
| Pandoc                  | .markdown, .mkd, .md   | pandoc                                     | Community   |
| reStructuredText        | .rst                   | pandoc                                     | Community   |
| Maruku                  | .markdown, .mkd, .md   | maruku                                     | Community   |
| CommonMarker            | .markdown, .mkd, .md   | commonmarker                               | Community   |
| RedCloth                | .textile               | redcloth                                   | Community   |
| RDoc                    | .rdoc                  | rdoc                                       | Tilt team   |
| Radius                  | .radius                | radius                                     | Community   |
| Markaby                 | .mab                   | markaby                                    | Tilt team   |
| Nokogiri                | .nokogiri              | nokogiri                                   | Community   |
| CoffeeScript            | .coffee                | coffee-script (+ javascript)               | Tilt team   |
| CoffeeScript (literate) | .litcoffee             | coffee-script (>= 1.5.0) (+ javascript)    | Tilt team   |
| LiveScript              | .ls                    | livescript (+ javascript)                  | Tilt team   |
| TypeScript              | .ts                    | typescript (+ javascript)                  | Tilt team   |
| Creole (Wiki markup)    | .wiki, .creole         | creole                                     | Community   |
| WikiCloth (Wiki markup) | .wiki, .mediawiki, .mw | wikicloth                                  | Community   |
| Yajl                    | .yajl                  | yajl-ruby                                  | Community   |
| CSV                     | .rcsv                  | none (Ruby >= 1.9), fastercsv (Ruby < 1.9) | Tilt team   |
| Prawn                   | .prawn                 | prawn (>= 2.0.0)                           | Community   |
| Babel                   | .es6, .babel, .jsx     | babel-transpiler                           | Tilt team   |
| Opal                    | .rb                    | opal                                       | Community   |
| Sigil                   | .sigil                 | sigil                                      | Community   |

Every supported template engine has a *maintainer*. Note that this is the
maintainer of the Tilt integration, not the maintainer of the template engine
itself. The maintainer is responsible for providing an adequate integration and
keeping backwards compatibility across Tilt version. Some integrations are
maintained by the *community*, which is handled in the following way:

- The Tilt team will liberally accept pull requests against the template
  integration. It's up to the community as a whole to make sure the integration
  stays consistent and backwards compatible over time.
- Test failures in community-maintained integrations will not be prioritized by
  the Tilt team and a new version of Tilt might be released even though these
  tests are failing.
- Anyone can become a maintainer for a template engine integration they care
  about. Just open an issue and we'll figure it out.

These template engines ship with their own Tilt integration:

| Engine                | File Extensions  | Required Libraries  |
| -------------------   | ---------------- | ------------------- |
| Slim                  | .slim            | slim (>= 0.7)       |
| Embedded JavaScript   |                  | sprockets           |
| Embedded CoffeeScript |                  | sprockets           |
| JST                   |                  | sprockets           |
| Org-mode              | .org             | org-ruby (>= 0.6.2) |
| Handlebars            | .hbs, handlebars | tilt-handlebars     |
| Jbuilder              | .jbuilder        | tilt-jbuilder       |

See [TEMPLATES.md][t] for detailed information on template engine
options and supported features.

[t]: http://github.com/rtomayko/tilt/blob/master/docs/TEMPLATES.md
   "Tilt Template Engine Documentation"

Basic Usage
-----------

Instant gratification:

~~~ruby
require 'erb'
require 'tilt'
template = Tilt.new('templates/foo.erb')
=> #<Tilt::ERBTemplate @file="templates/foo.erb" ...>
output = template.render
=> "Hello world!"
~~~

It's recommended that calling programs explicitly require template engine
libraries (like 'erb' above) at load time. Tilt attempts to lazy require the
template engine library the first time a template is created but this is
prone to error in threaded environments.

The {Tilt} module contains generic implementation classes for all supported
template engines. Each template class adheres to the same interface for
creation and rendering. In the instant gratification example, we let Tilt
determine the template implementation class based on the filename, but
{Tilt::Template} implementations can also be used directly:

~~~ruby
require 'tilt/haml'
template = Tilt::HamlTemplate.new('templates/foo.haml')
output = template.render
~~~

The `render` method takes an optional evaluation scope and locals hash
arguments. Here, the template is evaluated within the context of the
`Person` object with locals `x` and `y`:

~~~ruby
require 'tilt/erb'
template = Tilt::ERBTemplate.new('templates/foo.erb')
joe = Person.find('joe')
output = template.render(joe, :x => 35, :y => 42)
~~~

If no scope is provided, the template is evaluated within the context of an
object created with `Object.new`.

A single `Template` instance's `render` method may be called multiple times
with different scope and locals arguments. Continuing the previous example,
we render the same compiled template but this time in jane's scope:

~~~ruby
jane = Person.find('jane')
output = template.render(jane, :x => 22, :y => nil)
~~~

Blocks can be passed to `render` for templates that support running
arbitrary ruby code (usually with some form of `yield`). For instance,
assuming the following in `foo.erb`:

~~~ruby
Hey <%= yield %>!
~~~

The block passed to `render` is called on `yield`:

~~~ruby
template = Tilt::ERBTemplate.new('foo.erb')
template.render { 'Joe' }
# => "Hey Joe!"
~~~

Template Mappings
-----------------

The {Tilt::Mapping} class includes methods for associating template
implementation classes with filename patterns and for locating/instantiating
template classes based on those associations.

The {Tilt} module has a global instance of `Mapping` that is populated with the
table of template engines above.

The {Tilt.register} method associates a filename pattern with a specific
template implementation. To use ERB for files ending in a `.bar` extension:

~~~ruby
>> Tilt.register Tilt::ERBTemplate, 'bar'
>> Tilt.new('views/foo.bar')
=> #<Tilt::ERBTemplate @file="views/foo.bar" ...>
~~~

Retrieving the template class for a file or file extension:

~~~ruby
>> Tilt['foo.bar']
=> Tilt::ERBTemplate
>> Tilt['haml']
=> Tilt::HamlTemplate
~~~

Retrieving a list of template classes for a file:

~~~ruby
>> Tilt.templates_for('foo.bar')
=> [Tilt::ERBTemplate]
>> Tilt.templates_for('foo.haml.bar')
=> [Tilt::ERBTemplate, Tilt::HamlTemplate]
~~~

The template class is determined by searching for a series of decreasingly
specific name patterns. When creating a new template with
`Tilt.new('views/foo.html.erb')`, we check for the following template
mappings:

  1. `views/foo.html.erb`
  2. `foo.html.erb`
  3. `html.erb`
  4. `erb`

Encodings
---------

Tilt needs to know the encoding of the template in order to work properly:

Tilt will use `Encoding.default_external` as the encoding when reading external
files. If you're mostly working with one encoding (e.g. UTF-8) we *highly*
recommend setting this option. When providing a custom reader block (`Tilt.new
{ custom_string }`) you'll have ensure the string is properly encoded yourself.

Most of the template engines in Tilt also allows you to override the encoding
using the `:default_encoding`-option:

~~~ruby
tmpl = Tilt.new('hello.erb', :default_encoding => 'Big5')
~~~

Ultimately it's up to the template engine how to handle the encoding: It might
respect `:default_encoding`, it might always assume it's UTF-8 (like
CoffeeScript), or it can do its own encoding detection.

Template Compilation
--------------------

Tilt compiles generated Ruby source code produced by template engines and reuses
it on subsequent template invocations. Benchmarks show this yields a 5x-10x
performance increase over evaluating the Ruby source on each invocation.

Template compilation is currently supported for these template engines:
StringTemplate, ERB, Erubis, Haml, Nokogiri, Builder and Yajl.

LICENSE
-------

Tilt is Copyright (c) 2010 [Ryan Tomayko](http://tomayko.com/about) and
distributed under the MIT license. See the `COPYING` file for more info.
