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= The NullDB Connection Adapter Plugin

== What

NullDB is the Null Object pattern as applied to ActiveRecord database
adapters.  It is a database backend that translates database
interactions into no-ops.  Using NullDB enables you to test your model
business logic - including +after_save+ hooks - without ever touching
a real database.

== Compatibility

=== Ruby
Currently supported Ruby versions: MRI 2.2.x, 2.3.x, 2.4.x, 2.5.x, 2.6.x

Experimental support provided for: JRuby, Rubinius

=== ActiveRecord
Any version of ActiveRecord since 2.0, including ActiveRecord 5.0

It is tested against AR 2.3, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2 and 5.0.

== Installation

  gem install activerecord-nulldb-adapter

== How

Once installed, NullDB can be used much like any other ActiveRecord
database adapter:

  ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection :adapter => :nulldb

NullDB needs to know where you keep your schema file in order to
reflect table metadata.  By default it looks in
RAILS_ROOT/db/schema.rb.  You can override that by setting the
+schema+ option:

  ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection :adapter => :nulldb,
                                          :schema  => 'foo/myschema.rb'

NullDB comes with RSpec integration.  To replace the database with
NullDB in all of your specs, put the following in your
spec/spec_helper:

  require 'nulldb_rspec'
  include NullDB::RSpec::NullifiedDatabase

Or if you just want to use NullDB in a specific spec context, you can
include the same module inside a context:

  require 'nulldb_rspec'

  describe Employee, "with access to the database" do
    fixtures :employees
    # ...
  end

  describe Employee, "with NullDB" do
    include NullDB::RSpec::NullifiedDatabase
    # ...
  end

If you want to have NullDB enabled by default but disabled for particular contexts then (see this post)[https://web.archive.org/web/20120419204019/http://andywaite.com/2011/5/18/rspec-disable-nulldb]

NullDB::Rspec provides some custom matcher support for verifying
expectations about interactions with the database:

  describe Employee do
    include NullDB::RSpec::NullifiedDatabase

    it "should cause an insert statement to be executed" do
      Employee.create!
      Employee.connection.should have_executed(:insert)
    end
  end

UnitRecord-style verification that no database calls have been made at
all can be achieved by using the special +:anything+ symbol:

  describe "stuff that shouldn't touch the database" do
    after :each do
      Employee.connection.should_not have_executed(:anything)
    end
    # ...
  end

You can also experiment with putting NullDB in your database.yml:

  unit_test:
    adapter: nulldb

However, due to the way Rails hard-codes specific database adapters
into its standard Rake tasks, you may find that this generates
unexpected and difficult-to-debug behavior.  Workarounds for this are
under development.

== Why

There are a number of advantages to writing unit tests that never
touch the database.  The biggest is probably speed of execution - unit
tests must be fast for test-driven development to be practical.
Another is separation of concerns: unit tests should be exercising
only the business logic contained in your models, not ActiveRecord.
For more on why testing-sans-database is a good idea, see:
http://www.dcmanges.com/blog/rails-unit-record-test-without-the-database.

NullDB is one way to separate your unit tests from the database.  It
was inspired by the ARBS[http://arbs.rubyforge.org/] and
UnitRecord[http://unit-test-ar.rubyforge.org/] libraries.  It differs
from them in that rather than modifying parts of ActiveRecord, it
implements the same [semi-]well-documented public interface that the
other standard database adapters, like MySQL and SQLServer,
implement. This has enabled it to evolve to support new ActiveRecord
versions relatively easily.

One concrete advantage of this null-object pattern design is that it
is possible with NullDB to test +after_save+ hooks.  With NullDB, you
can call +#save+ and all of the usual callbacks will be called - but
nothing will be saved.

== Limitations

* It is *not* an in-memory database.  Finds will not work.  Neither
  will +reload+, currently.  Test fixtures won't work either, for
  obvious reasons.
* It has only the most rudimentery schema/migration support.  Complex
  migrations will probably break it.
* Lots of other things probably don't work.  Patches welcome!

== Who

NullDB was originally written by Avdi Grimm <mailto:avdi@avdi.org>.
It is currently maintained by {Bram de Vries}[https://github.com/blaet].

== Where

* Homepage: https://github.com/nulldb/nulldb

== License

See the LICENSE file for licensing information.
