## Chapter 4. Migration Guide

This document describes API differences between the Macromedia Flash Communication Server / Adobe Flash Media Server and Red5. It aims at helping migrate existing applications to Red5.

If you don't have an application in Red5 yet, please read the tutorial about howto create new applications first.

## 4.1. Application callbacks

When implementing serverside applications, one of the most important functionalities is to get notified about clients that connect or disconnect and to be informed about the creation of new instances of the application.

### 4.1.1. Interface IScopeHandler

Red5 specifies these actions in the interface IScopeHandler http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/api/IScopeHandler.html. See the API documentation for further details.

### 4.1.2. Class ApplicationAdapter

As some methods may be called multiple times for one request (e.g. connect will be called once for every scope in the tree the client connects to), the class ApplicationAdapter http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/adapter/ApplicationAdapter.html defines additional methods.

This class usually is used as base class for new applications.

Here is a short overview of methods of the FCS / FMS application class and their corresponding methods of ApplicationAdapter http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/adapter/ApplicationAdapter.html in Red5:

Table 4.1. FMS to Red5 Callback Methods

onAppStart | appStart / roomStart
onAppStop | appStop / roomStop
onConnect | appConnect / roomConnect / appJoin / roomJoin
onDisconnect | appDisconnect / roomDisconnect / appLeave / roomLeave

The app''' methods are called for the main application, the room''' methods are called for rooms (i.e. instances) of the application.

You can also also use the ApplicationAdapter http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/adapter/ApplicationAdapter.html to check for streams, shared objects, or subscribe them. See the API documentation for further details.

#### 4.1.2.1. Execution order of connection methods

Assuming you connect to rtmp://server/app/room1/room2

At first, the connection is established, so the user "connects" to all scopes that are traversed up to room2:

1. app (-> appConnect)

2. room1 (-> roomConnect)

3. room2 (-> roomConnect)

After the connection is established, the client object is retrieved and if it's the first connection by this client to the scope, he "joins" the scopes:

1. app (-> appJoin)

2. room1 (-> roomJoin)

3. room2 (-> roomJoin)

If the same client establishes a second connection to the same scope, only the connect methods will be called. If you conect to partially the same scopes, only a few join methods might be called, e.g. rtmp://server/app/room1/room3 will trigger

1. appConnect("app")

2. joinConnect("room1")

3. joinConnect("room3")

4. roomJoin("room3")

The appStart method currently is only called once during startup of Red5 as it currently can't unload/load applications like FCS/FMS does. The roomStart methods are called when the first client connects to a room.

### 4.1.3. Accepting / rejecting clients

FCS / FMS provide the methods acceptConnection and rejectConnection to accept and reject new clients. To allow clients to connect, no special action is required by Red5 applications, the *Connect methods just need to return true in this case.

If a client should not be allowed to connect, the method rejectClient can be called which is implemented by the ApplicationAdapter http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/adapter/ApplicationAdapter.html class. Any parameter passed to rejectClient is available as the application property of the status object that is returned to the caller.

## 4.2. Current connection and client

Red5 supports two different ways to access the current connection from an invoked method. The connection can be used to get the active client and the scope he is connected to. The first possibility uses the "magic" Red5 http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/api/Red5.html object:

    import org.red5.server.api.IClient;
    import org.red5.server.api.IConnection;
    import org.red5.server.api.IScope;
    import org.red5.server.api.Red5;
    public void whoami() {
        IConnection conn = Red5.getConnectionLocal();
        IClient client = conn.getClient();
        IScope scope = conn.getScope();
        // ...
    }

The second possiblity requires the method to be defined with an argument of type IConnection http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/api/IConnection.html as implicit first parameter which is automatically added by Red5 when a client calls the method:

    import org.red5.server.api.IClient;
    import org.red5.server.api.IConnection;
    import org.red5.server.api.IScope;
    public void whoami(IConnection conn) {
        IClient client = conn.getClient();
        IScope scope = conn.getScope();
        // ...
    }

## 4.3. Additional handlers

For many applications, existing classes containing application logic that is not related to Red5 are required to be reused. In order to make them available for clients connecting through RTMP, these classes need to be registered as handlers in Red5.

There are currently two ways to register these handlers:

1. By adding them to the configuration files.

2. By registering them manually from the application code.

The handlers can be executed by clients with code similar to this:

nc = new NetConnection();
nc.connect("rtmp://localhost/myapp");
nc.call("handler.method", nc, "Hello world!");

If a handler is requested, Red5 always looks it up in the custom scope handlers before checking the handlers that have been set up in the context through the configuration file.

### 4.3.1. Handlers in configuration files

This method is best suited for handlers that are common to all scopes the application runs in and that don't need to change during the lifetime of an application.

To register the class com.fancycode.red5.HandlerSample as handler sample, the following bean needs to be added to WEB-INF/red5-web.xml:

    <bean id="sample.service"
       class="com.fancycode.red5.HandlerSample"
       singleton="true" />

Note that the id of the bean is constructed as the name of the handler (here sample) and the keyword service.

### 4.3.2. Handlers from application code

All applications that use handlers which are different for the various scopes or want to change handlers, need a way to register them from the serverside code. These handlers always override the handlers configured in red5-web.xml. The methods required for registration are described in the interface IServiceHandlerProvider http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/api/service/IServiceHandlerProvider.html which is implemented by ApplicationAdapter http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/adapter/ApplicationAdapter.html.

The same class as above can be registered using this code:

    public boolean appStart(IScope app) {
        if (!super.appStart(scope))
            return false;
        Object handler = new com.fancycode.red5.HandlerSample();
        app.registerServiceHandler("sample", handler);
        return true;
    }

Note that in this example, only the application scope has the sample handler but not the subscopes! If the handler should be available in the rooms as well, it must be registered in roomStart for the room scopes.

## 4.4. Calls to client methods

To call methods from your Red5 application on the client, you will first need a reference to the current connection object:

    import org.red5.server.api.IConnection;
    import org.red5.server.api.Red5;
    import org.red5.server.api.service.IServiceCapableConnection;
    ...
    IConnection conn = Red5.getConnectionLocal();

If the connection implements the IServiceCapableConnection http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/api/service/IServiceCapableConnection.html interface, it supports calling methods on the other end:

    if (conn instanceof IServiceCapableConnection) {
        IServiceCapableConnection sc = (IServiceCapableConnection) conn;
        sc.invoke("the_method", new Object[]{"One", 1});
    }

If you need the result of the method call, you must provide a class that implements the IPendingServiceCallback http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/api/service/IPendingServiceCallback.html interface:

    import org.red5.server.api.service.IPendingService;
    import org.red5.server.api.service.IPendingServiceCallback;
    class MyCallback implements IPendingServiceCallback {
        public void resultReceived(IPendingServiceCall call) {
            // Do something with "call.getResult()"
        }
    }

The method call looks now like this:

    if (conn instanceof IServiceCapableConnection) {
        IServiceCapableConnection sc = (IServiceCapableConnection) conn;
        sc.invoke("the_method", new Object[]{"One", 1}, new MyCallback());
    }

Of course you can implement this interface in your application and pass a reference to the application instance.

## 4.5. SharedObjects

The methods to access shared objects from an application are specified in the interface ISharedObjectService http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/api/so/ISharedObjectService.html.

When dealing with shared objects in serverside scripts, special care must be taken about the scope they are created in.

To create a new shared object when a room is created, you can override the method roomStart in your application:

    import org.red5.server.adapter.ApplicationAdapter;
    import org.red5.server.api.IScope;
    import org.red5.server.api.so.ISharedObject;
    public class SampleApplication extends ApplicationAdapter {
      public boolean roomStart(IScope room) {
          if (!super.roomStart(room))
              return false;
          createSharedObject(room, "sampleSO", true);
          ISharedObject so = getSharedObject(room, "sampleSO");
          // Now you could do something with the shared object...
          return true;
      }
    }

Now everytime a first user connects to a room of a application, e.g. through rtmp://server/application/room1, a shared object sampleSO is created by the server.

If a shared object should be created for connections to the main application, e.g. rtmp://server/application, the same must be done in the method appStart.

For further informations about the possible methods a shared object provides please refer to the api documentation of the interface ISharedObject http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/api/so/ISharedObject.html.

### 4.5.1. Serverside change listeners

To get notified about changes of the shared object similar to onSync in FCS / FMS, a listener must implement the interface ISharedObjectListener http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/api/so/ISharedObjectListener.html:

    import org.red5.server.api.so.ISharedObject;
    import org.red5.server.api.so.ISharedObjectListener;
    public class SampleSharedObjectListener
    Migration Guide
           implements ISharedObjectListener {
      public void onSharedObjectUpdate(ISharedObject so,
                                       String key, Object value) {
          // The attribute &lt;key&gt; of the shared object &lt;so&gt;
          // was changed to &lt;value&gt;.
      }
      public void onSharedObjectDelete(ISharedObject so, String key) {
          // The attribute &lt;key&gt; of the shared object &lt;so&gt; was deleted.
      }
      public void onSharedObjectSend(ISharedObject so,
                                     String method, List params) {
          // The handler &lt;method&gt; of the shared object &lt;so&gt; was called
          // with the parameters &lt;params&gt;.
      }
      // Other methods as described in the interface...
    }

Additionally, the listener must get registered at the shared object:

    ISharedObject so = getSharedObject(scope, "sampleSO");
    so.addSharedObjectListener(new SampleSharedObjectListener())

### 4.5.2. Changing from application code

A shared object can be changed by the server as well:

    ISharedObject so = getSharedObject(scope, "sampleSO");
    so.setAttribute("fullname", "Sample user");

Here all subscribed clients as well as the registered handlers are notified about the new / changed attribute.

If multiple actions on a shared object should be combined in one update event to the subscribed clients, the methods beginUpdate and endUpdate must be used:

    ISharedObject so = getSharedObject(scope, "sampleSO");
    so.beginUpdate();
    so.setAttribute("One", "1");
    so.setAttribute("Two", "2");
    so.removeAttribute("Three");
    so.endUpdate();

The serverside listeners will receive their update notifications through separate method calls as without the beginUpdate and endUpdate.

Calls to shared object handlers through remote_so.send(<handler>, <args>) from a Flash client or the corresponding serverside call can be mapped to methods in Red5. Therefore a handler must get registered through a method of the ISharedObjectHandlerProvider http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/api/so/ISharedObjectHandlerProvider.html interface similar to the application handlers:

    package com.fancycode.red5;
    class MySharedObjectHandler {
        public void myMethod(String arg1) {
            // Now do something
        }
    }
    ...
    ISharedObject so = getSharedObject(scope, "sampleSO");
    so.registerServiceHandler(new MySharedObjectHandler());

Handlers with a given name can be registered as well:

    ISharedObject so = getSharedObject(scope, "sampleSO");
    so.registerServiceHandler("one.two", new MySharedObjectHandler());

Here, the method could be called through one.two.myMethod. Another way to define event handlers for SharedObjects is to add them to the red5- web.xml similar to the file-based application handlers. The beans must have a name of <SharedObjectName>.<DottedServiceName>.soservice, so the above example could also be defined with:

    <bean id="sampleSO.one.two.soservice"
       class="com.fancycode.red5.MySharedObjectHandler"
       singleton="true" />

## 4.6. Persistence

Persistence is used so properties of objects can be used even after the server has been restarted. In FCS / FMS usually local shared objects on the serverside are used for this.

Red5 allows arbitrary objects to be persistent, all they need to do is implement the interface IPersistable http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/api/persistence/IPersistable.html. Basically these objects have a type, a path, a name (all strings) and know how to serialize and deserialize themselves.

Here is a sample of serialization and deserialization:

    import java.io.IOException;
    import org.red5.io.object.Input;
    import org.red5.io.object.Output;
    import org.red5.server.api.persistence.IPersistable;
    class MyPersistentObject implements IPersistable {
      // Attribute that will be made persistent
      private String data = "My persistent value";
      void serialize(Output output) throws IOException {
          // Save the objects's data.
          output.writeString(data);
      }
      void deserialize(Input input) throws IOException {
          // Load the object's data.
          data = input.readString();
      }
      // Other methods as described in the interface...
    }

To save or load this object, the following code can be used:

    import org.red5.server.adapter.ApplicationAdapter;
    import org.red5.server.api.IScope;
    import org.red5.server.api.Red5;
    import org.red5.server.api.persistence.IPersistenceStore;
    class MyApplication extends ApplicationAdapter {
      private void saveObject(MyPersistentObject object) {
          // Get current scope.
          IScope scope = Red5.getConnectionLocal().getScope();
          // Save object in current scope.
          scope.getStore().save(object);
      }
      private void loadObject(MyPersistentObject object) {
          // Get current scope.
          IScope scope = Red5.getConnectionLocal().getScope();
          // Load object from current scope.
          scope.getStore().load(object);
      }
    }

If no custom objects are required for an application, but data must be stored for future reuse, it can be added to the IScope http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/api/IScope.html through the interface IAttributeStore http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/api/IAttributeStore.html. In scopes, all attributes that don't start with IPersistable.TRANSIENT_PREFIX are persistent.

The backend that is used to store objects is configurable. By default persistence in memory and in the filesystem is available.

When using filesystem persistence for every object a file is created in "webapps/<app>/ persistence/<type>/<path>/<name>.red5", e.g. for a shared object "theSO" in the connection to "rtmp://server/myApp/room1" a file at "webapps/myApp/persistence/ SharedObject/room1/theSO.red5" would be created.

## 4.7. Periodic events

Applications that need to perform tasks regularly can use the setInterval in FCS / FMS to schedule methods for periodic execution.

Red5 provides a scheduling service (ISchedulingService http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/api/scheduling/ISchedulingService.html) that is implemented by ApplicationAdapter http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/adapter/ApplicationAdapter.html like most other services. The service can register an object (which needs to implement the IScheduledJob http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/api/scheduling/IScheduledJob.html interface) whose execute method is called in a given interval.

To register an object, code like this can be used:

    import org.red5.server.api.IScope;
    import org.red5.server.api.IScheduledJob;
    import org.red5.server.api.ISchedulingService;
    import org.red5.server.adapter.ApplicationAdapter;
    class MyJob implements IScheduledJob {
      public void execute(ISchedulingService service) {
          // Do something
      }
    }
    public class SampleApplication extends ApplicationAdapter {
      public boolean roomStart(IScope room) {
          if (!super.roomStart(room))
              return false;
          // Schedule invokation of job every 10 seconds.
          String id = addScheduledJob(10000, new MyJob());
          room.setAttribute("MyJobId", id);
          return true;
      }
    }

The id that is returned by addScheduledJob can be used later to stop execution of the registered job:

    public void roomStop(IScope room) {
        String id = (String) room.getAttribute("MyJobId");
        removeScheduledJob(id);
        super.roomStop(room);
    }

## 4.8. Remoting

Remoting can be used by non-rtmp clients to invoke methods in Red5. Another possibility is to call methods from Red5 to other servers that provide a remoting service.

### 4.8.1. Remoting server

Services that should be available for clients need to be registered the same way as additional application handlers are registered. See above for details.

To enable remoting support for an application, the following section must be added to the WEB-INF/web.xml file:

web.xml -

    <servlet>
       <servlet-name>gateway</servlet-name>
       <servlet-class>
          org.red5.server.net.servlet.AMFGatewayServlet
       </servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
       <servlet-name>gateway</servlet-name>
       <url-pattern>/gateway/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

The path specified in the <url-pattern> tag (here gateway) can be used by the remoting client as connection url. If this example would have been specified for an application myApp, the URL would be:

http://localhost:5080/myApp/gateway

Methods invoked through this connection will be executed in the context of the application scope. If the methods should be executed in subscopes, the path to the subscopes must be added to the URL like:

http://localhost:5080/myApp/gateway/room1/room2

### 4.8.2. Remoting client

The class RemotingClient http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/net/remoting/RemotingClient.html defines all methods that are required to call methods through the remoting protocol.

The following code serves as example about how to use the remoting client:

    import org.red5.server.net.remoting.RemotingClient;
    String url = "http://server/path/to/service";
    RemotingClient client = new RemotingClient(url);
    Object[] args = new Object[]{"Hello world!"};
    Object result = client.invokeMethod("service.remotingMethod", args);
    // Now do something with the result

By default, a timeout of 30 seconds will be used per call, this can be changed by passing a second parameter to the constructor defining the maximum timeout in milliseconds.

The remoting headers AppendToGatewayUrl, ReplaceGatewayUrl and RequestPersistentHeader are handled automatically by the Red5 remoting client.

Some methods may take a rather long time on the called server to complete, so it's better to perform the call asynchronously to avoid blocking a thread in Red5. Therefore an object that implements the interface IRemotingCallback http://dl.fancycode.com/red5/api/org/red5/server/net/remoting/IRemotingCallback.html must be passed as additional parameter:

    import org.red5.server.net.remoting.RemotingClient;
    import org.red5.server.net.remoting.IRemotingCallback;
    public class CallbackHandler implements IRemotingCallback {
      void errorReceived(RemotingClient client, String method,
                         Object[] params, Throwable error) {
          // An error occurred while performing the remoting call.
      }
      void resultReceived(RemotingClient client, String method,
                          Object[] params, Object result) {
          // The result was received from the server.
      }
    }
    String url = "http://server/path/to/service";
    RemotingClient client = new RemotingClient(url);
    Object[] args = new Object[]{"Hello world!"};
    IRemotingCallback callback = new CallbackHandler();
    client.invokeMethod("service.remotingMethod", args, callback);

## 4.9. Streams

TODO: How can streams be accessed from an application?

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