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# `` update

Code for carrying out Update Operations

Functions:

- `evalAdd` –

  add all triples from src to dst

- `evalClear` –

  http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#clear

- `evalCopy` –

  remove all triples from dst

- `evalCreate` –

  http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#create

- `evalDeleteData` –

  http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#deleteData

- `evalDeleteWhere` –

  http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#deleteWhere

- `evalDrop` –

  http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#drop

- `evalInsertData` –

  http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#insertData

- `evalLoad` –

  http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#load

- `evalModify` –
- `evalMove` –

  remove all triples from dst

- `evalUpdate` –

  http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#updateLanguage

## `` evalAdd

    evalAdd(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None

add all triples from src to dst

http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#add

Source code in `rdflib/plugins/sparql/update.py`

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    def evalAdd(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None:
        """

        add all triples from src to dst

        http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#add
        """
        src, dst = u.graph

        srcg = _graphOrDefault(ctx, src)
        dstg = _graphOrDefault(ctx, dst)

        # type error: Item "None" of "Optional[Graph]" has no attribute "identifier"
        if srcg.identifier == dstg.identifier:  # type: ignore[union-attr]
            return

        # type error: Unsupported left operand type for + ("None")
        dstg += srcg  # type: ignore[operator]

## `` evalClear

    evalClear(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None

http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#clear

Source code in `rdflib/plugins/sparql/update.py`

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    def evalClear(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None:
        """
        http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#clear
        """
        for g in _graphAll(ctx, u.graphiri):
            g.remove((None, None, None))

## `` evalCopy

    evalCopy(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None

remove all triples from dst add all triples from src to dst

http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#copy

Source code in `rdflib/plugins/sparql/update.py`

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    def evalCopy(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None:
        """

        remove all triples from dst
        add all triples from src to dst

        http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#copy
        """

        src, dst = u.graph

        srcg = _graphOrDefault(ctx, src)
        dstg = _graphOrDefault(ctx, dst)

        # type error: Item "None" of "Optional[Graph]" has no attribute "remove"
        if srcg.identifier == dstg.identifier:  # type: ignore[union-attr]
            return

        # type error: Item "None" of "Optional[Graph]" has no attribute "remove"
        dstg.remove((None, None, None))  # type: ignore[union-attr]

        # type error: Unsupported left operand type for + ("None")
        dstg += srcg  # type: ignore[operator]

## `` evalCreate

    evalCreate(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None

http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#create

Source code in `rdflib/plugins/sparql/update.py`

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    def evalCreate(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None:
        """
        http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#create
        """
        g = ctx.dataset.get_context(u.graphiri)
        if len(g) > 0:
            raise Exception("Graph %s already exists." % g.identifier)
        raise Exception("Create not implemented!")

## `` evalDeleteData

    evalDeleteData(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None

http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#deleteData

Source code in `rdflib/plugins/sparql/update.py`

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    def evalDeleteData(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None:
        """
        http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#deleteData
        """
        # remove triples
        g = ctx.graph
        g -= u.triples

        # remove quads
        # u.quads is a dict of graphURI=>[triples]
        for g in u.quads:
            # type error: Argument 1 to "get_context" of "ConjunctiveGraph" has incompatible type "Optional[Graph]"; expected "Union[IdentifiedNode, str, None]"
            cg = ctx.dataset.get_context(g)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
            cg -= u.quads[g]

## `` evalDeleteWhere

    evalDeleteWhere(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None

http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#deleteWhere

Source code in `rdflib/plugins/sparql/update.py`

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    def evalDeleteWhere(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None:
        """
        http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#deleteWhere
        """

        res: Iterator[FrozenDict] = evalBGP(ctx, u.triples)
        for g in u.quads:
            cg = ctx.dataset.get_context(g)
            c = ctx.pushGraph(cg)
            res = _join(res, list(evalBGP(c, u.quads[g])))

        # type error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "FrozenBindings", variable has type "QueryContext")
        for c in res:  # type: ignore[assignment]
            g = ctx.graph
            g -= _fillTemplate(u.triples, c)

            for g in u.quads:
                cg = ctx.dataset.get_context(c.get(g))
                cg -= _fillTemplate(u.quads[g], c)

## `` evalDrop

    evalDrop(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None

http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#drop

Source code in `rdflib/plugins/sparql/update.py`

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    def evalDrop(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None:
        """
        http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#drop
        """
        if ctx.dataset.store.graph_aware:
            for g in _graphAll(ctx, u.graphiri):
                ctx.dataset.store.remove_graph(g)
        else:
            evalClear(ctx, u)

## `` evalInsertData

    evalInsertData(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None

http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#insertData

Source code in `rdflib/plugins/sparql/update.py`

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    def evalInsertData(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None:
        """
        http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#insertData
        """
        # add triples
        g = ctx.graph
        g += u.triples
        # add quads
        # u.quads is a dict of graphURI=>[triples]
        for g in u.quads:
            # type error: Argument 1 to "get_context" of "ConjunctiveGraph" has incompatible type "Optional[Graph]"; expected "Union[IdentifiedNode, str, None]"
            cg = ctx.dataset.get_context(g)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
            cg += u.quads[g]

## `` evalLoad

    evalLoad(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None

http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#load

Source code in `rdflib/plugins/sparql/update.py`

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    def evalLoad(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None:
        """
        http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#load
        """

        if TYPE_CHECKING:
            assert isinstance(u.iri, URIRef)

        if u.graphiri:
            ctx.load(u.iri, default=False, into=u.graphiri)
        else:
            ctx.load(u.iri, default=True)

## `` evalModify

    evalModify(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None

Source code in `rdflib/plugins/sparql/update.py`

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    def evalModify(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None:
        originalctx = ctx

        # Using replaces the dataset for evaluating the where-clause
        dg: Optional[Graph]
        if u.using:
            otherDefault = False
            for d in u.using:
                if d.default:
                    if not otherDefault:
                        # replace current default graph
                        dg = Graph()
                        ctx = ctx.pushGraph(dg)
                        otherDefault = True

                    ctx.load(d.default, default=True)

                elif d.named:
                    g = d.named
                    ctx.load(g, default=False)

        # "The WITH clause provides a convenience for when an operation
        # primarily refers to a single graph. If a graph name is specified
        # in a WITH clause, then - for the purposes of evaluating the
        # WHERE clause - this will define an RDF Dataset containing a
        # default graph with the specified name, but only in the absence
        # of USING or USING NAMED clauses. In the presence of one or more
        # graphs referred to in USING clauses and/or USING NAMED clauses,
        # the WITH clause will be ignored while evaluating the WHERE
        # clause."
        if not u.using and u.withClause:
            g = ctx.dataset.get_context(u.withClause)
            ctx = ctx.pushGraph(g)

        res = evalPart(ctx, u.where)

        if u.using:
            if otherDefault:
                ctx = originalctx  # restore original default graph
            if u.withClause:
                g = ctx.dataset.get_context(u.withClause)
                ctx = ctx.pushGraph(g)

        for c in list(res):
            # TODO: Make this more intentional and without the weird type checking logic
            #       once ConjunctiveGraph is removed and Dataset no longer inherits from
            #       Graph.
            dg = ctx.graph if type(ctx.graph) is Graph else ctx.dataset.default_context
            if u.delete:
                # type error: Unsupported left operand type for - ("None")
                # type error: Unsupported operand types for - ("Graph" and "Generator[Tuple[Identifier, Identifier, Identifier], None, None]")
                dg -= _fillTemplate(u.delete.triples, c)  # type: ignore[operator]

                for g, q in u.delete.quads.items():
                    cg = ctx.dataset.get_context(c.get(g))
                    cg -= _fillTemplate(q, c)

            if u.insert:
                # type error: Unsupported left operand type for + ("None")
                # type error: Unsupported operand types for + ("Graph" and "Generator[Tuple[Identifier, Identifier, Identifier], None, None]")
                dg += _fillTemplate(u.insert.triples, c)  # type: ignore[operator]

                for g, q in u.insert.quads.items():
                    cg = ctx.dataset.get_context(c.get(g))
                    cg += _fillTemplate(q, c)

## `` evalMove

    evalMove(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None

remove all triples from dst add all triples from src to dst remove all triples from src

http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#move

Source code in `rdflib/plugins/sparql/update.py`

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    def evalMove(ctx: QueryContext, u: CompValue) -> None:
        """

        remove all triples from dst
        add all triples from src to dst
        remove all triples from src

        http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#move
        """

        src, dst = u.graph

        srcg = _graphOrDefault(ctx, src)
        dstg = _graphOrDefault(ctx, dst)

        # type error: Item "None" of "Optional[Graph]" has no attribute "identifier"
        if srcg.identifier == dstg.identifier:  # type: ignore[union-attr]
            return

        # type error: Item "None" of "Optional[Graph]" has no attribute "remove"
        dstg.remove((None, None, None))  # type: ignore[union-attr]

        # type error: Unsupported left operand type for + ("None")
        dstg += srcg  # type: ignore[operator]

        if ctx.dataset.store.graph_aware:
            # type error: Argument 1 to "remove_graph" of "Store" has incompatible type "Optional[Graph]"; expected "Graph"
            ctx.dataset.store.remove_graph(srcg)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
        else:
            # type error: Item "None" of "Optional[Graph]" has no attribute "remove"
            srcg.remove((None, None, None))  # type: ignore[union-attr]

## `` evalUpdate

    evalUpdate(graph: Graph, update: Update, initBindings: Optional[Mapping[str, Identifier]] = None) -> None

http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#updateLanguage

‘A request is a sequence of operations […] Implementations MUST ensure that operations of a single request are executed in a fashion that guarantees the same effects as executing them in lexical order.

Operations all result either in success or failure.

If multiple operations are present in a single request, then a result of failure from any operation MUST abort the sequence of operations, causing the subsequent operations to be ignored.’

This will return None on success and raise Exceptions on error

Security Considerations

This method can access indirectly requested network endpoints, for example, query processing will attempt to access network endpoints specified in `SERVICE` directives.

When processing untrusted or potentially malicious queries, measures should be taken to restrict network and file access.

For information on available security measures, see the RDFLib Security Considerations documentation.

Source code in `rdflib/plugins/sparql/update.py`

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    def evalUpdate(
        graph: Graph,
        update: Update,
        initBindings: Optional[Mapping[str, Identifier]] = None,
    ) -> None:
        """http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-update/#updateLanguage

        'A request is a sequence of operations [...] Implementations MUST
        ensure that operations of a single request are executed in a
        fashion that guarantees the same effects as executing them in
        lexical order.

        Operations all result either in success or failure.

        If multiple operations are present in a single request, then a
        result of failure from any operation MUST abort the sequence of
        operations, causing the subsequent operations to be ignored.'

        This will return None on success and raise Exceptions on error

        !!! warning "Security Considerations"

            This method can access indirectly requested network endpoints, for
            example, query processing will attempt to access network endpoints
            specified in `SERVICE` directives.

            When processing untrusted or potentially malicious queries, measures
            should be taken to restrict network and file access.

            For information on available security measures, see the RDFLib
            [Security Considerations](../security_considerations.md)
            documentation.

        """

        for u in update.algebra:
            initBindings = dict((Variable(k), v) for k, v in (initBindings or {}).items())

            ctx = QueryContext(graph, initBindings=initBindings)
            ctx.prologue = u.prologue

            try:
                if u.name == "Load":
                    evalLoad(ctx, u)
                elif u.name == "Clear":
                    evalClear(ctx, u)
                elif u.name == "Drop":
                    evalDrop(ctx, u)
                elif u.name == "Create":
                    evalCreate(ctx, u)
                elif u.name == "Add":
                    evalAdd(ctx, u)
                elif u.name == "Move":
                    evalMove(ctx, u)
                elif u.name == "Copy":
                    evalCopy(ctx, u)
                elif u.name == "InsertData":
                    evalInsertData(ctx, u)
                elif u.name == "DeleteData":
                    evalDeleteData(ctx, u)
                elif u.name == "DeleteWhere":
                    evalDeleteWhere(ctx, u)
                elif u.name == "Modify":
                    evalModify(ctx, u)
                else:
                    raise Exception("Unknown update operation: %s" % (u,))
            except:  # noqa: E722
                if not u.silent:
                    raise