# Source code for rdflib.namespace

    import logging
    import warnings
    from typing import List
    from unicodedata import category

    from pathlib import Path
    from urllib.parse import urldefrag
    from urllib.parse import urljoin

    from rdflib.term import URIRef, Variable, _is_valid_uri

    __doc__ = """
    ===================
    Namespace Utilities
    ===================

    RDFLib provides mechanisms for managing Namespaces.

    In particular, there is a :class:`~rdflib.namespace.Namespace` class
    that takes as its argument the base URI of the namespace.

    .. code-block:: pycon

        >>> from rdflib.namespace import Namespace
        >>> RDFS = Namespace("http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#")

    Fully qualified URIs in the namespace can be constructed either by attribute
    or by dictionary access on Namespace instances:

    .. code-block:: pycon

        >>> RDFS.seeAlso
        rdflib.term.URIRef('http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#seeAlso')
        >>> RDFS['seeAlso']
        rdflib.term.URIRef('http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#seeAlso')

    Automatic handling of unknown predicates
    -----------------------------------------

    As a programming convenience, a namespace binding is automatically
    created when :class:`rdflib.term.URIRef` predicates are added to the graph.

    Importable namespaces
    -----------------------

    The following namespaces are available by directly importing from rdflib:

    * BRICK
    * CSVW
    * DC
    * DCAT
    * DCMITYPE
    * DCTERMS
    * DCAM
    * DOAP
    * FOAF
    * ODRL2
    * ORG
    * OWL
    * PROF
    * PROV
    * QB
    * RDF
    * RDFS
    * SDO
    * SH
    * SKOS
    * SOSA
    * SSN
    * TIME
    * VANN
    * VOID
    * XSD

    .. code-block:: pycon
        >>> from rdflib.namespace import RDFS
        >>> RDFS.seeAlso
        rdflib.term.URIRef('http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso')
    """

    __all__ = ["is_ncname", "split_uri", "Namespace", "ClosedNamespace", "NamespaceManager"]

    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

    class Namespace(str):
        """
        Utility class for quickly generating URIRefs with a common prefix

        >>> from rdflib.namespace import Namespace
        >>> n = Namespace("http://example.org/")
        >>> n.Person # as attribute
        rdflib.term.URIRef('http://example.org/Person')
        >>> n['first-name'] # as item - for things that are not valid python identifiers
        rdflib.term.URIRef('http://example.org/first-name')
        >>> n.Person in n
        True
        >>> n2 = Namespace("http://example2.org/")
        >>> n.Person in n2
        False
        """

        def __new__(cls, value):
            try:
                rt = str.__new__(cls, value)
            except UnicodeDecodeError:
                rt = str.__new__(cls, value, "utf-8")
            return rt

        @property
        def title(self):
            # Override for DCTERMS.title to return a URIRef instead of str.title method
            return URIRef(self + "title")

        def term(self, name):
            # need to handle slices explicitly because of __getitem__ override
            return URIRef(self + (name if isinstance(name, str) else ""))

        def __getitem__(self, key):
            return self.term(key)

        def __getattr__(self, name):
            if name.startswith("__"):  # ignore any special Python names!
                raise AttributeError
            return self.term(name)

        def __repr__(self):
            return f"Namespace({super().__repr__()})"

        def __contains__(self, ref):
            """Allows to check if a URI is within (starts with) this Namespace.

            >>> from rdflib import URIRef
            >>> namespace = Namespace('http://example.org/')
            >>> uri = URIRef('http://example.org/foo')
            >>> uri in namespace
            True
            >>> person_class = namespace['Person']
            >>> person_class in namespace
            True
            >>> obj = URIRef('http://not.example.org/bar')
            >>> obj in namespace
            False
            """
            return ref.startswith(self)  # test namespace membership with "ref in ns" syntax

    class URIPattern(str):
        """
        Utility class for creating URIs according to some pattern
        This supports either new style formatting with .format
        or old-style with % operator

        >>> u=URIPattern("http://example.org/%s/%d/resource")
        >>> u%('books', 12345)
        rdflib.term.URIRef('http://example.org/books/12345/resource')

        """

        def __new__(cls, value):
            try:
                rt = str.__new__(cls, value)
            except UnicodeDecodeError:
                rt = str.__new__(cls, value, "utf-8")
            return rt

        def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            return URIRef(super().__mod__(*args, **kwargs))

        def format(self, *args, **kwargs):
            return URIRef(super().format(*args, **kwargs))

        def __repr__(self):
            return f"URIPattern({super().__repr__()})"

    class DefinedNamespaceMeta(type):
        """
        Utility metaclass for generating URIRefs with a common prefix

        """

        _NS: Namespace
        _warn: bool = True
        _fail: bool = False  # True means mimic ClosedNamespace
        _extras: List[str] = []  # List of non-pythonesque items
        _underscore_num: bool = False  # True means pass "_n" constructs

        def __getitem__(cls, name, default=None):
            name = str(name)
            if str(name).startswith("__"):
                return super().__getitem__(name, default)
            if (cls._warn or cls._fail) and name not in cls:
                if cls._fail:
                    raise AttributeError(f"term '{name}' not in namespace '{cls._NS}'")
                else:
                    warnings.warn(
                        f"Code: {name} is not defined in namespace {cls.__name__}",
                        stacklevel=3,
                    )
            return cls._NS[name]

        def __getattr__(cls, name):
            return cls.__getitem__(name)

        def __repr__(cls):
            return f'Namespace("{cls._NS}")'

        def __str__(cls):
            return str(cls._NS)

        def __add__(cls, other):
            return cls.__getitem__(other)

        def __contains__(cls, item):
            """Determine whether a URI or an individual item belongs to this namespace"""
            item_str = str(item)
            if item_str.startswith("__"):
                return super().__contains__(item)
            if item_str.startswith(str(cls._NS)):
                item_str = item_str[len(str(cls._NS)) :]
            return any(
                item_str in c.__annotations__
                or item_str in c._extras
                or (cls._underscore_num and item_str[0] == "_" and item_str[1:].isdigit())
                for c in cls.mro()
                if issubclass(c, DefinedNamespace)
            )

    class DefinedNamespace(metaclass=DefinedNamespaceMeta):
        """
        A Namespace with an enumerated list of members.
        Warnings are emitted if unknown members are referenced if _warn is True
        """

        def __init__(self):
            raise TypeError("namespace may not be instantiated")

    class ClosedNamespace(Namespace):
        """
        A namespace with a closed list of members

        Trying to create terms not listed is an error
        """

        def __new__(cls, uri, terms):
            rt = super().__new__(cls, uri)
            rt.__uris = {t: URIRef(rt + t) for t in terms}
            return rt

        @property
        def uri(self):  # Back-compat
            return str(self)

        def term(self, name):
            uri = self.__uris.get(name)
            if uri is None:
                raise KeyError(f"term '{name}' not in namespace '{self}'")
            return uri

        def __getitem__(self, key):
            return self.term(key)

        def __getattr__(self, name):
            if name.startswith("__"):  # ignore any special Python names!
                raise AttributeError
            else:
                try:
                    return self.term(name)
                except KeyError as e:
                    raise AttributeError(e)

        def __repr__(self):
            return f"{self.__module__}.{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self)!r})"

        def __dir__(self):
            return list(self.__uris)

        def __contains__(self, ref):
            return (
                ref in self.__uris.values()
            )  # test namespace membership with "ref in ns" syntax

        def _ipython_key_completions_(self):
            return dir(self)

    XMLNS = Namespace("http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace")

    class NamespaceManager(object):
        """

        Class for managing prefix => namespace mappings

        Sample usage from FuXi ...

        .. code-block:: python

            ruleStore = N3RuleStore(additionalBuiltins=additionalBuiltins)
            nsMgr = NamespaceManager(Graph(ruleStore))
            ruleGraph = Graph(ruleStore,namespace_manager=nsMgr)

        and ...

        .. code-block:: pycon

            >>> import rdflib
            >>> from rdflib import Graph
            >>> from rdflib.namespace import Namespace, NamespaceManager
            >>> exNs = Namespace('http://example.com/')
            >>> namespace_manager = NamespaceManager(Graph())
            >>> namespace_manager.bind('ex', exNs, override=False)
            >>> g = Graph()
            >>> g.namespace_manager = namespace_manager
            >>> all_ns = [n for n in g.namespace_manager.namespaces()]
            >>> assert ('ex', rdflib.term.URIRef('http://example.com/')) in all_ns
            >>>

        """

        def __init__(self, graph):
            self.graph = graph
            self.__cache = {}
            self.__cache_strict = {}
            self.__log = None
            self.__strie = {}
            self.__trie = {}
            for p, n in self.namespaces():  # self.bind is not always called
                insert_trie(self.__trie, str(n))

            # DefinedNamespace bindings.
            self.bind("brick", BRICK)
            self.bind("csvw", CSVW)
            self.bind("dc", DC)
            self.bind("dcat", DCAT)
            self.bind("dcmitype", DCMITYPE)
            self.bind("dcterms", DCTERMS)
            self.bind("dcam", DCAM)
            self.bind("doap", DOAP)
            self.bind("foaf", FOAF)
            self.bind("odrl", ODRL2)
            self.bind("org", ORG)
            self.bind("owl", OWL)
            self.bind("prof", PROF)
            self.bind("prov", PROV)
            self.bind("qb", QB)
            self.bind("rdf", RDF)
            self.bind("rdfs", RDFS)
            self.bind("schema", SDO)
            self.bind("sh", SH)
            self.bind("skos", SKOS)
            self.bind("sosa", SOSA)
            self.bind("ssn", SSN)
            self.bind("time", TIME)
            self.bind("vann", VANN)
            self.bind("void", VOID)
            self.bind("xsd", XSD)

            # Namespace bindings.
            self.bind("xml", XMLNS)

        def __contains__(self, ref):
            # checks if a reference is in any of the managed namespaces with syntax
            # "ref in manager". Note that we don't use "ref in ns", as
            # NamespaceManager.namespaces() returns Iterator[Tuple[str, URIRef]]
            # rather than Iterator[Tuple[str, Namespace]]
            return any(ref.startswith(ns) for prefix, ns in self.namespaces())

        def reset(self):
            self.__cache = {}
            self.__strie = {}
            self.__trie = {}
            for p, n in self.namespaces():  # repopulate the trie
                insert_trie(self.__trie, str(n))

        @property
        def store(self):
            return self.graph.store

        def qname(self, uri):
            prefix, namespace, name = self.compute_qname(uri)
            if prefix == "":
                return name
            else:
                return ":".join((prefix, name))

        def qname_strict(self, uri):
            prefix, namespace, name = self.compute_qname_strict(uri)
            if prefix == "":
                return name
            else:
                return ":".join((prefix, name))

        def normalizeUri(self, rdfTerm) -> str:
            """
            Takes an RDF Term and 'normalizes' it into a QName (using the
            registered prefix) or (unlike compute_qname) the Notation 3
            form for URIs: <...URI...>
            """
            try:
                namespace, name = split_uri(rdfTerm)
                if namespace not in self.__strie:
                    insert_strie(self.__strie, self.__trie, str(namespace))
                namespace = URIRef(str(namespace))
            except:
                if isinstance(rdfTerm, Variable):
                    return "?%s" % rdfTerm
                else:
                    return "<%s>" % rdfTerm
            prefix = self.store.prefix(namespace)
            if prefix is None and isinstance(rdfTerm, Variable):
                return "?%s" % rdfTerm
            elif prefix is None:
                return "<%s>" % rdfTerm
            else:
                qNameParts = self.compute_qname(rdfTerm)
                return ":".join([qNameParts[0], qNameParts[-1]])

        def compute_qname(self, uri, generate=True):

            if not _is_valid_uri(uri):
                raise ValueError(
                    '"{}" does not look like a valid URI, cannot serialize this. Did you want to urlencode it?'.format(
                        uri
                    )
                )

            if uri not in self.__cache:
                try:
                    namespace, name = split_uri(uri)
                except ValueError as e:
                    namespace = URIRef(uri)
                    prefix = self.store.prefix(namespace)
                    if not prefix:
                        raise e
                if namespace not in self.__strie:
                    insert_strie(self.__strie, self.__trie, namespace)

                if self.__strie[namespace]:
                    pl_namespace = get_longest_namespace(self.__strie[namespace], uri)
                    if pl_namespace is not None:
                        namespace = pl_namespace
                        name = uri[len(namespace) :]

                namespace = URIRef(namespace)
                prefix = self.store.prefix(namespace)  # warning multiple prefixes problem

                if prefix is None:
                    if not generate:
                        raise KeyError(
                            "No known prefix for {} and generate=False".format(namespace)
                        )
                    num = 1
                    while 1:
                        prefix = "ns%s" % num
                        if not self.store.namespace(prefix):
                            break
                        num += 1
                    self.bind(prefix, namespace)
                self.__cache[uri] = (prefix, namespace, name)
            return self.__cache[uri]

        def compute_qname_strict(self, uri, generate=True):
            # code repeated to avoid branching on strict every time
            # if output needs to be strict (e.g. for xml) then
            # only the strict output should bear the overhead
            prefix, namespace, name = self.compute_qname(uri)
            if is_ncname(str(name)):
                return prefix, namespace, name
            else:
                if uri not in self.__cache_strict:
                    try:
                        namespace, name = split_uri(uri, NAME_START_CATEGORIES)
                    except ValueError as e:
                        message = (
                            "This graph cannot be serialized to a strict format "
                            "because there is no valid way to shorten {}".format(uri)
                        )
                        raise ValueError(message)
                        # omitted for strict since NCNames cannot be empty
                        # namespace = URIRef(uri)
                        # prefix = self.store.prefix(namespace)
                        # if not prefix:
                        # raise e

                    if namespace not in self.__strie:
                        insert_strie(self.__strie, self.__trie, namespace)

                    # omitted for strict
                    # if self.__strie[namespace]:
                    # pl_namespace = get_longest_namespace(self.__strie[namespace], uri)
                    # if pl_namespace is not None:
                    # namespace = pl_namespace
                    # name = uri[len(namespace):]

                    namespace = URIRef(namespace)
                    prefix = self.store.prefix(
                        namespace
                    )  # warning multiple prefixes problem

                    if prefix is None:
                        if not generate:
                            raise KeyError(
                                "No known prefix for {} and generate=False".format(
                                    namespace
                                )
                            )
                        num = 1
                        while 1:
                            prefix = "ns%s" % num
                            if not self.store.namespace(prefix):
                                break
                            num += 1
                        self.bind(prefix, namespace)
                    self.__cache_strict[uri] = (prefix, namespace, name)

                return self.__cache_strict[uri]

        def bind(self, prefix, namespace, override=True, replace=False):
            """bind a given namespace to the prefix

            if override, rebind, even if the given namespace is already
            bound to another prefix.

            if replace, replace any existing prefix with the new namespace

            """

            namespace = URIRef(str(namespace))
            # When documenting explain that override only applies in what cases
            if prefix is None:
                prefix = ""
            elif " " in prefix:
                raise KeyError("Prefixes may not contain spaces.")

            bound_namespace = self.store.namespace(prefix)
            # Check if the bound_namespace contains a URI
            # and if so convert it into a URIRef for comparison
            # This is to prevent duplicate namespaces with the
            # same URI
            if bound_namespace:
                bound_namespace = URIRef(bound_namespace)
            if bound_namespace and bound_namespace != namespace:

                if replace:
                    self.store.bind(prefix, namespace)
                    insert_trie(self.__trie, str(namespace))
                    return

                # prefix already in use for different namespace
                #
                # append number to end of prefix until we find one
                # that's not in use.
                if not prefix:
                    prefix = "default"
                num = 1
                while 1:
                    new_prefix = "%s%s" % (prefix, num)
                    tnamespace = self.store.namespace(new_prefix)
                    if tnamespace and namespace == URIRef(tnamespace):
                        # the prefix is already bound to the correct
                        # namespace
                        return
                    if not self.store.namespace(new_prefix):
                        break
                    num += 1
                self.store.bind(new_prefix, namespace)
            else:
                bound_prefix = self.store.prefix(namespace)
                if bound_prefix is None:
                    self.store.bind(prefix, namespace)
                elif bound_prefix == prefix:
                    pass  # already bound
                else:
                    if override or bound_prefix.startswith("_"):  # or a generated prefix
                        self.store.bind(prefix, namespace)
            insert_trie(self.__trie, str(namespace))

        def namespaces(self):
            for prefix, namespace in self.store.namespaces():
                namespace = URIRef(namespace)
                yield prefix, namespace

        def absolutize(self, uri, defrag=1):
            base = Path.cwd().as_uri()
            result = urljoin("%s/" % base, uri, allow_fragments=not defrag)
            if defrag:
                result = urldefrag(result)[0]
            if not defrag:
                if uri and uri[-1] == "#" and result[-1] != "#":
                    result = "%s#" % result
            return URIRef(result)

    # From: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#NT-CombiningChar
    #
    # * Name start characters must have one of the categories Ll, Lu, Lo,
    #   Lt, Nl.
    #
    # * Name characters other than Name-start characters must have one of
    #   the categories Mc, Me, Mn, Lm, or Nd.
    #
    # * Characters in the compatibility area (i.e. with character code
    #   greater than #xF900 and less than #xFFFE) are not allowed in XML
    #   names.
    #
    # * Characters which have a font or compatibility decomposition
    #   (i.e. those with a "compatibility formatting tag" in field 5 of the
    #   database -- marked by field 5 beginning with a "<") are not allowed.
    #
    # * The following characters are treated as name-start characters rather
    #   than name characters, because the property file classifies them as
    #   Alphabetic: [#x02BB-#x02C1], #x0559, #x06E5, #x06E6.
    #
    # * Characters #x20DD-#x20E0 are excluded (in accordance with Unicode
    #   2.0, section 5.14).
    #
    # * Character #x00B7 is classified as an extender, because the property
    #   list so identifies it.
    #
    # * Character #x0387 is added as a name character, because #x00B7 is its
    #   canonical equivalent.
    #
    # * Characters ':' and '_' are allowed as name-start characters.
    #
    # * Characters '-' and '.' are allowed as name characters.

    NAME_START_CATEGORIES = ["Ll", "Lu", "Lo", "Lt", "Nl"]
    SPLIT_START_CATEGORIES = NAME_START_CATEGORIES + ["Nd"]
    NAME_CATEGORIES = NAME_START_CATEGORIES + ["Mc", "Me", "Mn", "Lm", "Nd"]
    ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS = ["\u00B7", "\u0387", "-", ".", "_", "%", "(", ")"]

    # http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#NT-NCName
    #  [4] NCName ::= (Letter | '_') (NCNameChar)* /* An XML Name, minus
    #      the ":" */
    #  [5] NCNameChar ::= Letter | Digit | '.' | '-' | '_' | CombiningChar
    #      | Extender

    def is_ncname(name):
        if name:
            first = name[0]
            if first == "_" or category(first) in NAME_START_CATEGORIES:
                for i in range(1, len(name)):
                    c = name[i]
                    if not category(c) in NAME_CATEGORIES:
                        if c in ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS:
                            continue
                        return 0
                    # if in compatibility area
                    # if decomposition(c)!='':
                    #    return 0

                return 1

        return 0

    def split_uri(uri, split_start=SPLIT_START_CATEGORIES):
        if uri.startswith(XMLNS):
            return (XMLNS, uri.split(XMLNS)[1])
        length = len(uri)
        for i in range(0, length):
            c = uri[-i - 1]
            if not category(c) in NAME_CATEGORIES:
                if c in ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS:
                    continue
                for j in range(-1 - i, length):
                    if category(uri[j]) in split_start or uri[j] == "_":
                        # _ prevents early split, roundtrip not generate
                        ns = uri[:j]
                        if not ns:
                            break
                        ln = uri[j:]
                        return (ns, ln)
                break
        raise ValueError("Can't split '{}'".format(uri))

    def insert_trie(trie, value):  # aka get_subtrie_or_insert
        """Insert a value into the trie if it is not already contained in the trie.
        Return the subtree for the value regardless of whether it is a new value
        or not."""
        if value in trie:
            return trie[value]
        multi_check = False
        for key in tuple(trie.keys()):
            if len(value) > len(key) and value.startswith(key):
                return insert_trie(trie[key], value)
            elif key.startswith(value):  # we know the value is not in the trie
                if not multi_check:
                    trie[value] = {}
                    multi_check = True  # there can be multiple longer existing prefixes
                dict_ = trie.pop(
                    key
                )  # does not break strie since key<->dict_ remains unchanged
                trie[value][key] = dict_
        if value not in trie:
            trie[value] = {}
        return trie[value]

    def insert_strie(strie, trie, value):
        if value not in strie:
            strie[value] = insert_trie(trie, value)

    def get_longest_namespace(trie, value):
        for key in trie:
            if value.startswith(key):
                out = get_longest_namespace(trie[key], value)
                if out is None:
                    return key
                else:
                    return out
        return None

    from rdflib.namespace._BRICK import BRICK
    from rdflib.namespace._CSVW import CSVW
    from rdflib.namespace._DC import DC
    from rdflib.namespace._DCAT import DCAT
    from rdflib.namespace._DCMITYPE import DCMITYPE
    from rdflib.namespace._DCTERMS import DCTERMS
    from rdflib.namespace._DCAM import DCAM
    from rdflib.namespace._DOAP import DOAP
    from rdflib.namespace._FOAF import FOAF
    from rdflib.namespace._ODRL2 import ODRL2
    from rdflib.namespace._ORG import ORG
    from rdflib.namespace._OWL import OWL
    from rdflib.namespace._PROF import PROF
    from rdflib.namespace._PROV import PROV
    from rdflib.namespace._QB import QB
    from rdflib.namespace._RDF import RDF
    from rdflib.namespace._RDFS import RDFS
    from rdflib.namespace._SDO import SDO
    from rdflib.namespace._SH import SH
    from rdflib.namespace._SKOS import SKOS
    from rdflib.namespace._SOSA import SOSA
    from rdflib.namespace._SSN import SSN
    from rdflib.namespace._TIME import TIME
    from rdflib.namespace._VANN import VANN
    from rdflib.namespace._VOID import VOID
    from rdflib.namespace._XSD import XSD