# rdflib 6.1.1

RDFLib is a pure Python package for working with RDF. It contains:

- Parsers & Serializers

  - for RDF/XML, N3, NTriples, N-Quads, Turtle, TriX, JSON-LD, RDFa and Microdata

- Store implementations

  - for in-memory and persistent RDF storage, including remote SPARQL endpoints

- Graph interface

  - to a single graph

  - or a conjunctive graph (multiple Named Graphs)

  - or a dataset of graphs

- SPARQL 1.1 implementation

  - both Queries and Updates are supported

## Getting started

If you have never used RDFLib, the following will help get you started:

- Getting started with RDFLib
- Loading and saving RDF
- Creating RDF triples
- Navigating Graphs
- Querying with SPARQL
- Utilities & convenience functions
- Examples

## In depth

If you are familiar with RDF and are looking for details on how RDFLib handles it, these are for you:

- RDF terms in rdflib
- Namespaces and Bindings
- Persistence
- Merging graphs
- Upgrading 5.0.0 to 6.0.0
- Upgrading 4.2.2 to 5.0.0

## Reference

The nitty-gritty details of everything.

API reference:

- rdflib

- Plugins
  - Plugin parsers
  - Plugin serializers
  - Plugin stores
  - Plugin query results

## For developers

- RDFLib developers guide
- Writing RDFLib Documentation
- Persisting Notation 3 Terms

## Source Code

The rdflib source code is hosted on GitHub at https://github.com/RDFLib/rdflib where you can lodge Issues and create Pull Requests to help improve this community project!

The RDFlib organisation on GitHub at https://github.com/RDFLib maintains this package and a number of other RDF and RDFlib-related packaged that you might also find useful.

## Further help & Contact

If you would like more help with using rdflib, rather than developing it, please post a question on StackOverflow using the tag `[rdflib]`. A list of existing `[rdflib]` tagged questions is kept there at:

- https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/rdflib

You might also like to join rdflib’s dev mailing list: https://groups.google.com/group/rdflib-dev

The chat is available at gitter or via matrix #RDFLib_rdflib:gitter.im.

## Glossary

Here are a few RDF and Python terms referred to in this documentation. They are linked to wherever they occur.

functional property

  Properties than can only occur once for a resource, i.e. for any relation (triple, in RDF) `x p y`, if `p` is functional, for any individual `x`, there can be at most one individual `y`.

OWL

  The OWL 2 Web Ontology Language, informally OWL 2 or just OWL, is an ontology language for the Semantic Web with formally defined meaning. OWL 2 ontologies provide classes, properties, individuals, and data values and are stored as Semantic Web documents. OWL 2 ontologies can be used along with information written in RDF, and OWL 2 ontologies themselves are primarily exchanged as RDF documents. See the RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax for more info.

RDF

  The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a framework for representing information in the Web. RDF data is stored in graphs that are sets of subject-predicate-object triples, where the elements may be IRIs, blank nodes, or datatyped literals. See the OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Document Overview for more info.