► |  | The Racket Reference

1 | Language Model
2 | Notation for Documentation
3 | Syntactic Forms
4 | Datatypes
5 | Structures
6 | Classes and Objects
7 | Units
8 | Contracts
9 | Pattern Matching
10 | Control Flow
11 | Concurrency and Parallelism
12 | Macros
13 | Input and Output
14 | Reflection and Security
15 | Operating System
16 | Memory Management
17 | Unsafe Operations
18 | Running Racket
| Bibliography
| Index

▼ | 15 | Operating System

15.1 | Paths
15.2 | Filesystem
15.3 | Networking
15.4 | Processes
15.5 | Logging
15.6 | Time
15.7 | Environment Variables
15.8 | Environment and Runtime Information
15.9 | Command-Line Parsing
15.10 | Additional Operating System Functions

► | 15.5 | Logging

15.5.1 | Creating Loggers
15.5.2 | Logging Events
15.5.3 | Receiving Logged Events
15.5.4 | Additional Logging Functions

On this page:

15.5.1`` Creating Loggers
logger?
make-logger
logger-name
current-logger
define-logger
15.5.2`` Logging Events
log-message
log-level?
log-max-level
log-all-levels
log-level-evt
log-fatal
log-error
log-warning
log-info
log-debug
15.5.3`` Receiving Logged Events
log-receiver?
make-log-receiver
15.5.4`` Additional Logging Functions
log-level/ c
with-intercepted-logging
with-logging-to-port

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#### 15.5`` Logging

A logger accepts events that contain information to be logged for interested parties. A log receiver represents an interested party that receives logged events asynchronously. Each event has a topic and level of detail, and a log receiver subscribes to logging events at a certain level of detail (and lower) for a specific topic or for all topics. The levels, in increasing order of detail, are 'none, 'fatal, 'error, 'warning, 'info, and 'debug.

To help organize logged events, a logger can have a default topic and/or a parent logger. Every event reported to a logger is propagated to its parent (if any), and the event message is prefixed with the logger’s topic (if any) if the message doesn’t already have a topic. Furthermore, events that are propagated from a logger to its parent can be filtered by level and topic.

On start-up, Racket creates an initial logger that is used to record events from the core run-time system. For example, a 'debug event is reported for each garbage collection (see Garbage Collection). For this initial logger, two log receivers are also created: one that writes events to the process’s original error output port, and one that writes events to the system log. The level of written events in each case is system-specific, and the default can be changed through command-line flags (see Command Line) or through environment variables:

- If the PLTSTDERR environment variable is defined and is not overridden by a command-line flag, it determines the level of the log receiver that propagates events to the original error port.

  The environment variable’s value can be a ‹level›: none, fatal, error, warning, info, or debug (from low detail to high detail); all events at the corresponding level of detail or lower are printed. After an initial ‹level›, the value can contain whitespace-separated specifications of the form ‹level›@‹topic›, which prints events whose topics match ‹topic› only at the given ‹level› or higher (where a ‹topic› contains any character other than whitespace or @). Leading and trailing whitespace is ignored. For example, the value "error debug@GC" prints all events at the 'error level and higher, but prints events for the topic 'GC at the 'debug level and higher (which includes all levels).

  The default is "error".

- If the PLTSTDOUT environment variable is defined and is not overridden by a command-line flag, it determines the level of the log receiver that propagates events to the original output port. The possible values are the same as for PLTSTDERR.

  The default is "none".

- If the PLTSYSLOG environment variable is defined and is not overridden by a command-line flag, it determines the level of the log receiver that propagates events to the system log. The possible values are the same as for PLTSTDERR.

  The default is "none" for Unix or "error" for Windows and Mac OS.

The current-logger parameter determines the current logger that is used by forms such as log-warning. On start-up, the initial value of this parameter is the initial logger. The run-time system sometimes uses the current logger to report events. For example, the bytecode compiler sometimes reports 'warning events when it detects an expression that would produce a run-time error if evaluated.

Changed in version 6.6.0.2 of package base: Prior to version 6.6.0.2, parsing of PLTSTDERR and PLTSYSLOG was very strict. Leading and trailing whitespace was forbidden, and anything other than exactly one space character separating two specifications was rejected.
Changed in version 6.90.0.17: Added PLTSTDOUT.

##### 15.5.1`` Creating Loggers

> > procedure

> > (logger? v) → boolean?

> v : any/c

Returns #t if v is a logger, #f otherwise.

> > procedure

> > (make-logger | [ | topic |  |  |  |
> > |  | parent |  |  |  |
> > |  | propagate-level |  |  |  |
> > |  | propagate-topic ...] |  |  |  |
> > |  | ...) |  | → |  | logger?

> topic : (or/c symbol? #f) = #f
> parent : (or/c logger? #f) = #f
> propagate-level : log-level/c = 'debug
> propagate-topic : (or/c #f symbol?) = #f

Creates a new logger with an optional topic and parent.

The optional propagate-level and propagate-topic arguments constrain the events that are propagated from the new logger to parent (when parent is not #f) in the same way that events are described for a log receiver in make-log-receiver. By default, all events are propagated to parent.

Changed in version 6.1.1.3 of package base: Removed an optional argument to specify a notification callback, and added propagate-level and propagate-topic constraints for events to propagate.

> > procedure

> > (logger-name logger) → (or/c symbol? #f)

> logger : logger?

Reports logger’s default topic, if any.

> > parameter

> > (current-logger) → logger?

> (current-logger logger) → void?
> logger : logger?

A parameter that determines the current logger.

> > syntax

> > (define-logger id maybe-parent)

> maybe-parent

> =

> |  | | |  | #:parent parent-expr

> | parent-expr |  | : |  | (or/c logger? #f)

Defines log-id-fatal, log-id-error, log-id-warning, log-id-info, and log-id-debug as forms like log-fatal, log-error,log-warning, log-info, and log-debug. The define-logger form also defines id-logger, which is a logger with default topic 'id that is a child of the result of parent-expr (if parent-expr does not produce #f), or of (current-logger) if parent-expr not provided; the log-id-fatal, etc. forms use this new logger. The new logger is created when define-logger is evaluated.

Changed in version 7.1.0.9 of package base: Added the #:parent option.

##### 15.5.2`` Logging Events

> > procedure

> > (log-message |  | logger |  |  |  |
> > |  | level |  |  |  |
> > | [ | topic] |  |  |  |
> > |  | message |  |  |  |
> > | [ | data |  |  |  |
> > |  | prefix-message?]) |  | → |  | void?

> logger : logger?
> level : log-level/c
> topic : (or/c symbol? #f) = (logger-name logger)
> message : string?
> data : any/c = #f
> prefix-message? : any/c = #t

Reports an event to logger, which in turn distributes the information to any log receivers attached to logger or its ancestors that are interested in events at level or higher.

Log receivers can filter events based on topic. In addition, if topic and prefix-message? are not #f, then message is prefixed with the topic followed by ": " before it is sent to receivers.

Changed in version 6.0.1.10 of package base: Added the prefix-message? argument.
Changed in version 7.2.0.7: Made the data argument optional.

> > procedure

> > (log-level? logger level [topic]) → boolean?

> logger : logger?
> level : log-level/c
> topic : (or/c symbol? #f) = #f

Reports whether any log receiver attached to logger or one of its ancestors is interested in level events (or potentially lower) for topic. If topic is #f, the result indicates whether a log receiver is interested in events at level for any topic.

Use this function to avoid work generating an event for log-message if no receiver is interested in the information; this shortcut is built into log-fatal, log-error, log-warning, log-info, log-debug, and forms bound by define-logger, however, so it should not be used with those forms.

The result of this function can change if a garbage collection determines that a log receiver is no longer accessible (and therefore that any event information it receives will never become accessible).

Changed in version 6.1.1.3 of package base: Added the topic argument.

> > procedure

> > (log-max-level logger [topic]) → (or/c log-level/c #f)

> logger : logger?
> topic : (or/c symbol? #f) = #f

Similar to log-level?, but reports the maximum-detail level of logging for which log-level? on logger and topic returns #t. The result is #f if log-level? with logger and topic currently returns #f for all levels.

Changed in version 6.1.1.3 of package base: Added the topic argument.

> > procedure

> > (log-all-levels logger)

> > →

> > (list/c (or/c #f log-level/c)
> > (or/c #f symbol?)
> > ... ...)

> logger : logger?

Summarizes the possible results of log-max-level on all possible interned symbols. The result list contains a sequence of symbols and #f, where the first, third, etc., list element corresponds to a level, and the second, fourth, etc., list element indicates a corresponding topic. The level is the result that log-max-level would produce for the topic, where the level for the #f topic (which is always present in the result list) indicates the result for any interned-symbol topic that does not appear in the list.

The result is suitable as a sequence of arguments to make-log-receiver (after a logger argument) to create a new receiver for events that currently have receivers in logger.

Added in version 6.1.1.4 of package base.

> > procedure

> > (log-level-evt logger) → evt?

> logger : logger?

Creates a synchronizable event that is ready for synchronization when the result of log-level?, log-max-level, or log-all-levels can be different than before log-level-evt was called. The event’s synchronization result is the event itself.

The condition reported by the event is a conservative approximation: the event can become ready for synchronization even if the results of log-level?, log-max-level, and log-all-levels are unchanged. Nevertheless, the expectation is that events produced by log-level-evt become ready infrequently, because they are triggered by the creation of a log receiver.

Added in version 6.1.1.4 of package base.

> > syntax

> > (log-fatal string-expr)

> (log-fatal format-string-expr v ...)

> > syntax

> > (log-error string-expr)

> (log-error format-string-expr v ...)

> > syntax

> > (log-warning string-expr)

> (log-warning format-string-expr v ...)

> > syntax

> > (log-info string-expr)

> (log-info format-string-expr v ...)

> > syntax

> > (log-debug string-expr)

> (log-debug format-string-expr v ...)

Log an event with the current logger, evaluating string-expr or (format format-string-expr v ...) only if the logger has receivers that are interested in the event. In addition, the current continuation’s continuation marks are sent to the logger with the message string.

These form are convenient for using the current logger, but libraries should generally use a logger for a specific topic—typically through similar convenience forms generated by define-logger.

For each log-level,

> (log-level string-expr)

is equivalent to

> (let ([l (current-logger)])
> (when (log-level? l 'level)
> (log-message l 'level string-expr
> (current-continuation-marks))))

while

> (log-level format-string-expr v ...)

is equivalent to

> (log-level (format format-string-expr v ...))

##### 15.5.3`` Receiving Logged Events

> > procedure

> > (log-receiver? v) → boolean?

> v : any/c

Returns #t if v is a log receiver, #f otherwise.

> > procedure

> > (make-log-receiver logger level [topic ...] ...) → log-receiver?

> logger : logger?
> level : log-level/c
> topic : (or/c #f symbol?) = #f

Creates a log receiver to receive events of detail level and lower as reported to logger and its descendants, as long as either topic is #f or the event’s topic matches topic.

A log receiver is a synchronizable event. It becomes ready for synchronization when a logging event is received, so use sync to receive a logged event. The log receiver’s synchronization result is an immutable vector containing four values: the level of the event as a symbol, an immutable string for the event message, an arbitrary value that was supplied as the last argument to log-message when the event was logged, and a symbol or #f for the event topic.

Multiple pairs of level and topic can be provided to indicate different specific levels for different topics (where topic defaults to #f only for the last given level). A level for a #f topic applies only to events whose topic does not match any other provided topic. If the same topic is provided multiple times, the level provided with the last instance in the argument list takes precedence.

##### 15.5.4`` Additional Logging Functions

(require racket/logging) | package: base

The bindings documented in this section are provided by the racket/logging library, not racket/base or racket.

> > procedure

> > (log-level/c v) → boolean?

> v : any/c

Returns #t if v is a valid logging level ('none, 'fatal, 'error, 'warning, 'info, or 'debug), #f otherwise.

Added in version 6.3 of package base.

> > procedure

> > (with-intercepted-logging |  | interceptor |  |  |  |
> > |  | proc |  |  |  |
> > | [ | #:logger logger] |  |  |  |
> > |  | level |  |  |  |
> > | [ | topic ...] |  |  |  |
> > |  | ...) |  | → |  | any

> interceptor

> :

> (-> (vector/c
> log-level/c
> string?
> any/c
> (or/c symbol? #f))
> any)

> proc : (-> any)
> logger : logger? = #f
> level : log-level/c
> topic : (or/c #f symbol?) = #f

Runs proc, calling interceptor on any log event that the execution of proc emits to current-logger at the specified levels and topics. If #:logger is specified, intercepts events sent to that logger, otherwise uses a new child logger of the current logger. Returns whatever proc returns.

Example:

> > (let ([warning-counter 0])
> (with-intercepted-logging
> (lambda (l)
> (when (eq? (vector-ref l 0)
> 'warning)
> (set! warning-counter (add1 warning-counter))))
> (lambda ()
> (log-warning "Warning!")
> (log-warning "Warning again!")
> (+ 2 2))
> 'warning)
> warning-counter)

> 2

Added in version 6.3 of package base.
Changed in version 6.7.0.1: Added #:logger argument.

> > procedure

> > (with-logging-to-port |  | port |  |  |  |
> > |  | proc |  |  |  |
> > | [ | #:logger logger] |  |  |  |
> > |  | level |  |  |  |
> > | [ | topic ...] |  |  |  |
> > |  | ...) |  | → |  | any

> port : output-port?
> proc : (-> any)
> logger : logger? = #f
> level : log-level/c
> topic : (or/c #f symbol?) = #f

Runs proc, outputting any logging that the execution of proc emits to current-logger at the specified levels and topics. If #:logger is specified, intercepts events sent to that logger, otherwise uses a new child logger of the current logger. Returns whatever proc returns.

Example:

> > (let ([my-log (open-output-string)])
> (with-logging-to-port my-log
> (lambda ()
> (log-warning "Warning World!")
> (+ 2 2))
> 'warning)
> (get-output-string my-log))

> "Warning World!\n"

Added in version 6.3 of package base.
Changed in version 6.7.0.1: Added #:logger argument.

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