

# palmerpenguins 

[![DOI](https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.3960218.svg)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3960218)
[![CRAN](https://www.r-pkg.org/badges/version/palmerpenguins)](https://cran.r-project.org/package=palmerpenguins)

The goal of palmerpenguins is to provide a great dataset for data
exploration & visualization, as an alternative to `iris`.

## Installation

You can install the released version of palmerpenguins from
[CRAN](https://CRAN.R-project.org) with:

``` r
install.packages("palmerpenguins")
```

To install the development version from [GitHub](https://github.com/)
use:

``` r
# install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("allisonhorst/palmerpenguins")
```

## About the data

Data were collected and made available by [Dr. Kristen
Gorman](https://www.uaf.edu/cfos/people/faculty/detail/kristen-gorman.php)
and the [Palmer Station, Antarctica
LTER](https://pallter.marine.rutgers.edu/), a member of the [Long Term
Ecological Research Network](https://lternet.edu/).

The palmerpenguins package contains two datasets.

``` r
library(palmerpenguins)
data(package = 'palmerpenguins')
```

One is called `penguins`, and is a simplified version of the raw data;
see `?penguins` for more info:

``` r
head(penguins)
#> # A tibble: 6 × 8
#>   species island bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_… body_mass_g sex  
#>   <fct>   <fct>           <dbl>         <dbl>            <int>       <int> <fct>
#> 1 Adelie  Torge…           39.1          18.7              181        3750 male 
#> 2 Adelie  Torge…           39.5          17.4              186        3800 fema…
#> 3 Adelie  Torge…           40.3          18                195        3250 fema…
#> 4 Adelie  Torge…           NA            NA                 NA          NA <NA> 
#> 5 Adelie  Torge…           36.7          19.3              193        3450 fema…
#> 6 Adelie  Torge…           39.3          20.6              190        3650 male 
#> # … with 1 more variable: year <int>
```

The second dataset is `penguins_raw`, and contains all the variables and
original names as downloaded; see `?penguins_raw` for more info.

``` r
head(penguins_raw)
#> # A tibble: 6 × 17
#>   studyName `Sample Number` Species          Region Island Stage `Individual ID`
#>   <chr>               <dbl> <chr>            <chr>  <chr>  <chr> <chr>          
#> 1 PAL0708                 1 Adelie Penguin … Anvers Torge… Adul… N1A1           
#> 2 PAL0708                 2 Adelie Penguin … Anvers Torge… Adul… N1A2           
#> 3 PAL0708                 3 Adelie Penguin … Anvers Torge… Adul… N2A1           
#> 4 PAL0708                 4 Adelie Penguin … Anvers Torge… Adul… N2A2           
#> 5 PAL0708                 5 Adelie Penguin … Anvers Torge… Adul… N3A1           
#> 6 PAL0708                 6 Adelie Penguin … Anvers Torge… Adul… N3A2           
#> # … with 10 more variables: `Clutch Completion` <chr>, `Date Egg` <date>,
#> #   `Culmen Length (mm)` <dbl>, `Culmen Depth (mm)` <dbl>,
#> #   `Flipper Length (mm)` <dbl>, `Body Mass (g)` <dbl>, Sex <chr>,
#> #   `Delta 15 N (o/oo)` <dbl>, `Delta 13 C (o/oo)` <dbl>, Comments <chr>
```

Both datasets contain data for 344 penguins. There are 3 different
species of penguins in this dataset, collected from 3 islands in the
Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.

``` r
str(penguins)
#> tibble [344 × 8] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
#>  $ species          : Factor w/ 3 levels "Adelie","Chinstrap",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
#>  $ island           : Factor w/ 3 levels "Biscoe","Dream",..: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ...
#>  $ bill_length_mm   : num [1:344] 39.1 39.5 40.3 NA 36.7 39.3 38.9 39.2 34.1 42 ...
#>  $ bill_depth_mm    : num [1:344] 18.7 17.4 18 NA 19.3 20.6 17.8 19.6 18.1 20.2 ...
#>  $ flipper_length_mm: int [1:344] 181 186 195 NA 193 190 181 195 193 190 ...
#>  $ body_mass_g      : int [1:344] 3750 3800 3250 NA 3450 3650 3625 4675 3475 4250 ...
#>  $ sex              : Factor w/ 2 levels "female","male": 2 1 1 NA 1 2 1 2 NA NA ...
#>  $ year             : int [1:344] 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 ...
```

We gratefully acknowledge Palmer Station LTER and the US LTER Network.
Special thanks to Marty Downs (Director, LTER Network Office) for help
regarding the data license & use.

## Examples

You can find these and more code examples for exploring palmerpenguins
in `vignette("examples")`.

Penguins are fun to summarize! For example:

``` r
library(tidyverse)
penguins %>% 
  count(species)
#> # A tibble: 3 × 2
#>   species       n
#>   <fct>     <int>
#> 1 Adelie      152
#> 2 Chinstrap    68
#> 3 Gentoo      124
penguins %>% 
  group_by(species) %>% 
  summarize(across(where(is.numeric), mean, na.rm = TRUE))
#> # A tibble: 3 × 6
#>   species   bill_length_mm bill_depth_mm flipper_length_mm body_mass_g  year
#>   <fct>              <dbl>         <dbl>             <dbl>       <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 Adelie              38.8          18.3              190.       3701. 2008.
#> 2 Chinstrap           48.8          18.4              196.       3733. 2008.
#> 3 Gentoo              47.5          15.0              217.       5076. 2008.
```

Penguins are fun to visualize! For example:

## Artwork

You can download palmerpenguins art (useful for teaching with the data)
in `vignette("art")`. If you use this artwork, please cite with:
“Artwork by @allison_horst”.

### Meet the Palmer penguins

### Bill dimensions

The culmen is the upper ridge of a bird’s bill. In the simplified
`penguins` data, culmen length and depth are renamed as variables
`bill_length_mm` and `bill_depth_mm` to be more intuitive.

For this penguin data, the culmen (bill) length and depth are measured
as shown below (thanks Kristen Gorman for clarifying!):

## License

Data are available by
[CC-0](https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)
license in accordance with the [Palmer Station LTER Data
Policy](https://pallter.marine.rutgers.edu/data/) and the [LTER Data
Access Policy for Type I data](https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/).

## Citation

To cite the palmerpenguins package, please use:

``` r
citation("palmerpenguins")
#> 
#> To cite palmerpenguins in publications use:
#> 
#>   Horst AM, Hill AP, Gorman KB (2020). palmerpenguins: Palmer
#>   Archipelago (Antarctica) penguin data. R package version 0.1.0.
#>   https://allisonhorst.github.io/palmerpenguins/. doi:
#>   10.5281/zenodo.3960218.
#> 
#> A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is
#> 
#>   @Manual{,
#>     title = {palmerpenguins: Palmer Archipelago (Antarctica) penguin data},
#>     author = {Allison Marie Horst and Alison Presmanes Hill and Kristen B Gorman},
#>     year = {2020},
#>     note = {R package version 0.1.0},
#>     doi = {10.5281/zenodo.3960218},
#>     url = {https://allisonhorst.github.io/palmerpenguins/},
#>   }
```

## Additional data use information

Anyone interested in publishing the data should contact [Dr. Kristen
Gorman](https://www.uaf.edu/cfos/people/faculty/detail/kristen-gorman.php)
about analysis and working together on any final products. From Gorman
et al. (2014): “Individuals interested in using these data are expected
to follow the US LTER Network’s Data Access Policy, Requirements and Use
Agreement: <https://lternet.edu/data-access-policy/>.”

## References

**Data originally published in:**

-   Gorman KB, Williams TD, Fraser WR (2014). Ecological sexual
    dimorphism and environmental variability within a community of
    Antarctic penguins (genus *Pygoscelis*). PLoS ONE 9(3):e90081.
    <https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090081>

**Data citations:**

Adélie penguins:

-   Palmer Station Antarctica LTER and K. Gorman, 2020. Structural size
    measurements and isotopic signatures of foraging among adult male
    and female Adélie penguins (*Pygoscelis adeliae*) nesting along the
    Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009 ver 5.
    Environmental Data Initiative.
    <https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/98b16d7d563f265cb52372c8ca99e60f>
    (Accessed 2020-06-08).

Gentoo penguins:

-   Palmer Station Antarctica LTER and K. Gorman, 2020. Structural size
    measurements and isotopic signatures of foraging among adult male
    and female Gentoo penguin (*Pygoscelis papua*) nesting along the
    Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009 ver 5.
    Environmental Data Initiative.
    <https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/7fca67fb28d56ee2ffa3d9370ebda689>
    (Accessed 2020-06-08).

Chinstrap penguins:

-   Palmer Station Antarctica LTER and K. Gorman, 2020. Structural size
    measurements and isotopic signatures of foraging among adult male
    and female Chinstrap penguin (*Pygoscelis antarcticus*) nesting
    along the Palmer Archipelago near Palmer Station, 2007-2009 ver 6.
    Environmental Data Initiative.
    <https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/c14dfcfada8ea13a17536e73eb6fbe9e>
    (Accessed 2020-06-08).
