# Variables labels and packed columns

#### Joseph Larmarange

The tidyr package allows to group several columns of a tibble into one single df-column, see `tidyr::pack()`. Such df-column is itself a tibble. It’s not currently clear why you would ever want to pack columns since few functions work with this sort of data.

    library(tidyr)
    d <- iris %>%
      as_tibble() %>%
      pack(
        Sepal = starts_with("Sepal"),
        Petal = starts_with("Petal"),
        .names_sep = "."
      )
    str(d)

    ## tibble [150 × 3] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##  $ Species: Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
    ##  $ Sepal  : tibble [150 × 2] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##   ..$ Length: num [1:150] 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5 5.4 4.6 5 4.4 4.9 ...
    ##   ..$ Width : num [1:150] 3.5 3 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.1 ...
    ##  $ Petal  : tibble [150 × 2] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##   ..$ Length: num [1:150] 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "Length of petal"
    ##   ..$ Width : num [1:150] 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "Width of Petal"

    class(d$Sepal)

    ## [1] "tbl_df"     "tbl"        "data.frame"

Regarding variable labels, you may want to define a label for one sub-column of a df-column, or eventually a label for the df-column itself.

For a sub-column, you could use easily `var_label()` to define your label.

    library(labelled)
    var_label(d$Sepal$Length) <- "Length of the sepal"
    str(d)

    ## tibble [150 × 3] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##  $ Species: Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
    ##  $ Sepal  : tibble [150 × 2] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##   ..$ Length: num [1:150] 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5 5.4 4.6 5 4.4 4.9 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "Length of the sepal"
    ##   ..$ Width : num [1:150] 3.5 3 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.1 ...
    ##  $ Petal  : tibble [150 × 2] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##   ..$ Length: num [1:150] 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "Length of petal"
    ##   ..$ Width : num [1:150] 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "Width of Petal"

But you cannot use directly `var_label()` for the df-column.

    var_label(d$Petal) <- "wrong label for Petal"
    str(d)

    ## tibble [150 × 3] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##  $ Species: Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
    ##  $ Sepal  : tibble [150 × 2] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##   ..$ Length: num [1:150] 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5 5.4 4.6 5 4.4 4.9 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "Length of the sepal"
    ##   ..$ Width : num [1:150] 3.5 3 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.1 ...
    ##  $ Petal  : tibble [150 × 2] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##   ..$ Length: num [1:150] 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "wrong label for Petal"
    ##   ..$ Width : num [1:150] 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "wrong label for Petal"

As `d$Petal` is itself a tibble, applying `var_label()` on it would have an effect on each sub-column. To change a variable label to the df-column itself, you could use `label_attribute()`.

    label_attribute(d$Petal) <- "correct label for Petal"
    str(d)

    ## tibble [150 × 3] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##  $ Species: Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
    ##  $ Sepal  : tibble [150 × 2] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##   ..$ Length: num [1:150] 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5 5.4 4.6 5 4.4 4.9 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "Length of the sepal"
    ##   ..$ Width : num [1:150] 3.5 3 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.1 ...
    ##  $ Petal  : tibble [150 × 2] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##   ..$ Length: num [1:150] 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "wrong label for Petal"
    ##   ..$ Width : num [1:150] 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "wrong label for Petal"
    ##   ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "correct label for Petal"

On the other hand, `set_variable_labels()` works differently, as the primary intention of this function is to work on the columns of a tibble.

    d <- d %>% set_variable_labels(Sepal = "Label of the Sepal df-column")
    str(d)

    ## tibble [150 × 3] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##  $ Species: Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
    ##  $ Sepal  : tibble [150 × 2] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##   ..$ Length: num [1:150] 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5 5.4 4.6 5 4.4 4.9 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "Length of the sepal"
    ##   ..$ Width : num [1:150] 3.5 3 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.1 ...
    ##   ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "Label of the Sepal df-column"
    ##  $ Petal  : tibble [150 × 2] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##   ..$ Length: num [1:150] 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "wrong label for Petal"
    ##   ..$ Width : num [1:150] 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "wrong label for Petal"
    ##   ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "correct label for Petal"

This is equivalent to:

    var_label(d) <- list(Sepal = "Label of the Sepal df-column")
    str(d)

    ## tibble [150 × 3] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##  $ Species: Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
    ##  $ Sepal  : tibble [150 × 2] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##   ..$ Length: num [1:150] 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5 5.4 4.6 5 4.4 4.9 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "Length of the sepal"
    ##   ..$ Width : num [1:150] 3.5 3 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.1 ...
    ##   ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "Label of the Sepal df-column"
    ##  $ Petal  : tibble [150 × 2] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##   ..$ Length: num [1:150] 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "wrong label for Petal"
    ##   ..$ Width : num [1:150] 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "wrong label for Petal"
    ##   ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "correct label for Petal"

To use `set_variable_labels()` on sub-columns, you should use this syntax:

    d$Petal <- d$Petal %>%
      set_variable_labels(
        Length = "Petal length",
        Width = "Petal width"
      )
    str(d)

    ## tibble [150 × 3] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##  $ Species: Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
    ##  $ Sepal  : tibble [150 × 2] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##   ..$ Length: num [1:150] 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5 5.4 4.6 5 4.4 4.9 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "Length of the sepal"
    ##   ..$ Width : num [1:150] 3.5 3 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.1 ...
    ##   ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "Label of the Sepal df-column"
    ##  $ Petal  : tibble [150 × 2] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
    ##   ..$ Length: num [1:150] 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "Petal length"
    ##   ..$ Width : num [1:150] 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 ...
    ##   .. ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "Petal width"
    ##   ..- attr(*, "label")= chr "correct label for Petal"

If you want to get the list of variable labels of a tibble, by default `var_label()` or `get_variable_labels()` will return the labels of the first level of columns.

    d %>% get_variable_labels()

    ## $Species
    ## NULL
    ##
    ## $Sepal
    ## [1] "Label of the Sepal df-column"
    ##
    ## $Petal
    ## [1] "correct label for Petal"

To obtain the list of variable labels for sub-columns, you could use `recurse = TRUE`:

    d %>% get_variable_labels(recurse = TRUE)

    ## $Species
    ## NULL
    ##
    ## $Sepal
    ## $Sepal$Length
    ## [1] "Length of the sepal"
    ##
    ## $Sepal$Width
    ## NULL
    ##
    ##
    ## $Petal
    ## $Petal$Length
    ## [1] "Petal length"
    ##
    ## $Petal$Width
    ## [1] "Petal width"

    d %>%
      get_variable_labels(
        recurse = TRUE,
        null_action = "fill",
        unlist = TRUE
      )

    ##               Species          Sepal.Length           Sepal.Width
    ##             "Species" "Length of the sepal"               "Width"
    ##          Petal.Length           Petal.Width
    ##        "Petal length"         "Petal width"