# 19.5.1. Base Event Loop

Source code: Lib/asyncio/events.py

The event loop is the central execution device provided by `asyncio`. It provides multiple facilities, including:

- Registering, executing and cancelling delayed calls (timeouts).
- Creating client and server transports for various kinds of communication.
- Launching subprocesses and the associated transports for communication with an external program.
- Delegating costly function calls to a pool of threads.

class `asyncio.``BaseEventLoop`

  This class is an implementation detail. It is a subclass of `AbstractEventLoop` and may be a base class of concrete event loop implementations found in `asyncio`. It should not be used directly; use `AbstractEventLoop` instead. `BaseEventLoop` should not be subclassed by third-party code; the internal interface is not stable.

class `asyncio.``AbstractEventLoop`

  Abstract base class of event loops.

  This class is not thread safe.

## 19.5.1.1. Run an event loop

`AbstractEventLoop.``run_forever`()

  Run until `stop()` is called. If `stop()` is called before `run_forever()` is called, this polls the I/O selector once with a timeout of zero, runs all callbacks scheduled in response to I/O events (and those that were already scheduled), and then exits. If `stop()` is called while `run_forever()` is running, this will run the current batch of callbacks and then exit. Note that callbacks scheduled by callbacks will not run in that case; they will run the next time `run_forever()` is called.

  Changed in version 3.5.1.

`AbstractEventLoop.``run_until_complete`(future)

  Run until the `Future` is done.

  If the argument is a coroutine object, it is wrapped by `ensure_future()`.

  Return the Future’s result, or raise its exception.

`AbstractEventLoop.``is_running`()

  Returns running status of event loop.

`AbstractEventLoop.``stop`()

  Stop running the event loop.

  This causes `run_forever()` to exit at the next suitable opportunity (see there for more details).

  Changed in version 3.5.1.

`AbstractEventLoop.``is_closed`()

  Returns `True` if the event loop was closed.

  New in version 3.4.2.

`AbstractEventLoop.``close`()

  Close the event loop. The loop must not be running. Pending callbacks will be lost.

  This clears the queues and shuts down the executor, but does not wait for the executor to finish.

  This is idempotent and irreversible. No other methods should be called after this one.

coroutine `AbstractEventLoop.``shutdown_asyncgens`()

  Schedule all currently open asynchronous generator objects to close with an `aclose()` call. After calling this method, the event loop will issue a warning whenever a new asynchronous generator is iterated. Should be used to finalize all scheduled asynchronous generators reliably. Example:

      try:
          loop.run_forever()
      finally:
          loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_asyncgens())
          loop.close()

  New in version 3.6.

## 19.5.1.2. Calls

Most `asyncio` functions don’t accept keywords. If you want to pass keywords to your callback, use `functools.partial()`. For example, `loop.call_soon(functools.partial(print, "Hello", flush=True))` will call `print("Hello", flush=True)`.

Note

`functools.partial()` is better than `lambda` functions, because `asyncio` can inspect `functools.partial()` object to display parameters in debug mode, whereas `lambda` functions have a poor representation.

`AbstractEventLoop.``call_soon`(callback, *args)

  Arrange for a callback to be called as soon as possible. The callback is called after `call_soon()` returns, when control returns to the event loop.

  This operates as a FIFO queue, callbacks are called in the order in which they are registered. Each callback will be called exactly once.

  Any positional arguments after the callback will be passed to the callback when it is called.

  An instance of `asyncio.Handle` is returned, which can be used to cancel the callback.

  Use functools.partial to pass keywords to the callback.

`AbstractEventLoop.``call_soon_threadsafe`(callback, *args)

  Like `call_soon()`, but thread safe.

  See the concurrency and multithreading section of the documentation.

## 19.5.1.3. Delayed calls

The event loop has its own internal clock for computing timeouts. Which clock is used depends on the (platform-specific) event loop implementation; ideally it is a monotonic clock. This will generally be a different clock than `time.time()`.

Note

Timeouts (relative delay or absolute when) should not exceed one day.

`AbstractEventLoop.``call_later`(delay, callback, *args)

  Arrange for the callback to be called after the given delay seconds (either an int or float).

  An instance of `asyncio.TimerHandle` is returned, which can be used to cancel the callback.

  callback will be called exactly once per call to `call_later()`. If two callbacks are scheduled for exactly the same time, it is undefined which will be called first.

  The optional positional args will be passed to the callback when it is called. If you want the callback to be called with some named arguments, use a closure or `functools.partial()`.

  Use functools.partial to pass keywords to the callback.

`AbstractEventLoop.``call_at`(when, callback, *args)

  Arrange for the callback to be called at the given absolute timestamp when (an int or float), using the same time reference as `AbstractEventLoop.time()`.

  This method’s behavior is the same as `call_later()`.

  An instance of `asyncio.TimerHandle` is returned, which can be used to cancel the callback.

  Use functools.partial to pass keywords to the callback.

`AbstractEventLoop.``time`()

  Return the current time, as a `float` value, according to the event loop’s internal clock.

See also

The `asyncio.sleep()` function.

## 19.5.1.4. Futures

`AbstractEventLoop.``create_future`()

  Create an `asyncio.Future` object attached to the loop.

  This is a preferred way to create futures in asyncio, as event loop implementations can provide alternative implementations of the Future class (with better performance or instrumentation).

  New in version 3.5.2.

## 19.5.1.5. Tasks

`AbstractEventLoop.``create_task`(coro)

  Schedule the execution of a coroutine object: wrap it in a future. Return a `Task` object.

  Third-party event loops can use their own subclass of `Task` for interoperability. In this case, the result type is a subclass of `Task`.

  New in version 3.4.2.

`AbstractEventLoop.``set_task_factory`(factory)

  Set a task factory that will be used by `AbstractEventLoop.create_task()`.

  If factory is `None` the default task factory will be set.

  If factory is a callable, it should have a signature matching `(loop, coro)`, where loop will be a reference to the active event loop, coro will be a coroutine object. The callable must return an `asyncio.Future` compatible object.

  New in version 3.4.4.

`AbstractEventLoop.``get_task_factory`()

  Return a task factory, or `None` if the default one is in use.

  New in version 3.4.4.

## 19.5.1.6. Creating connections

coroutine `AbstractEventLoop.``create_connection`(protocol_factory, host=None, port=None, *, ssl=None, family=0, proto=0, flags=0, sock=None, local_addr=None, server_hostname=None, ssl_handshake_timeout=None)

  Create a streaming transport connection to a given Internet host and port: socket family `AF_INET` or `AF_INET6` depending on host (or family if specified), socket type `SOCK_STREAM`. protocol_factory must be a callable returning a protocol instance.

  This method will try to establish the connection in the background. When successful, it returns a `(transport, protocol)` pair.

  The chronological synopsis of the underlying operation is as follows:

  1. The connection is established, and a transport is created to represent it.
  2. protocol_factory is called without arguments and must return a protocol instance.
  3. The protocol instance is tied to the transport, and its `connection_made()` method is called.
  4. The coroutine returns successfully with the `(transport, protocol)` pair.

  The created transport is an implementation-dependent bidirectional stream.

  Note

  protocol_factory can be any kind of callable, not necessarily a class. For example, if you want to use a pre-created protocol instance, you can pass `lambda: my_protocol`.

  Options that change how the connection is created:

  - ssl: if given and not false, a SSL/TLS transport is created (by default a plain TCP transport is created). If ssl is a `ssl.SSLContext` object, this context is used to create the transport; if ssl is `True`, a context with some unspecified default settings is used.

    See also

    SSL/TLS security considerations

  - server_hostname, is only for use together with ssl, and sets or overrides the hostname that the target server’s certificate will be matched against. By default the value of the host argument is used. If host is empty, there is no default and you must pass a value for server_hostname. If server_hostname is an empty string, hostname matching is disabled (which is a serious security risk, allowing for man-in-the-middle-attacks).

  - family, proto, flags are the optional address family, protocol and flags to be passed through to getaddrinfo() for host resolution. If given, these should all be integers from the corresponding `socket` module constants.

  - sock, if given, should be an existing, already connected `socket.socket` object to be used by the transport. If sock is given, none of host, port, family, proto, flags and local_addr should be specified.

  - local_addr, if given, is a `(local_host, local_port)` tuple used to bind the socket to locally. The local_host and local_port are looked up using getaddrinfo(), similarly to host and port.

  - ssl_handshake_timeout is (for an SSL connection) the time in seconds to wait for the SSL handshake to complete before aborting the connection. `10.0` seconds if `None` (default).

  New in version 3.7: The ssl_handshake_timeout parameter.

  Changed in version 3.5: On Windows with `ProactorEventLoop`, SSL/TLS is now supported.

  See also

  The `open_connection()` function can be used to get a pair of (`StreamReader`, `StreamWriter`) instead of a protocol.

coroutine `AbstractEventLoop.``create_datagram_endpoint`(protocol_factory, local_addr=None, remote_addr=None, *, family=0, proto=0, flags=0, reuse_address=None, reuse_port=None, allow_broadcast=None, sock=None)

  Create datagram connection: socket family `AF_INET`, `AF_INET6` or `AF_UNIX` depending on host (or family if specified), socket type `SOCK_DGRAM`. protocol_factory must be a callable returning a protocol instance.

  This method will try to establish the connection in the background. When successful, the it returns a `(transport, protocol)` pair.

  Options changing how the connection is created:

  - local_addr, if given, is a `(local_host, local_port)` tuple used to bind the socket to locally. The local_host and local_port are looked up using `getaddrinfo()`.
  - remote_addr, if given, is a `(remote_host, remote_port)` tuple used to connect the socket to a remote address. The remote_host and remote_port are looked up using `getaddrinfo()`.
  - family, proto, flags are the optional address family, protocol and flags to be passed through to `getaddrinfo()` for host resolution. If given, these should all be integers from the corresponding `socket` module constants.
  - reuse_address tells the kernel to reuse a local socket in TIME_WAIT state, without waiting for its natural timeout to expire. If not specified will automatically be set to `True` on UNIX.
  - reuse_port tells the kernel to allow this endpoint to be bound to the same port as other existing endpoints are bound to, so long as they all set this flag when being created. This option is not supported on Windows and some UNIX’s. If the `SO_REUSEPORT` constant is not defined then this capability is unsupported.
  - allow_broadcast tells the kernel to allow this endpoint to send messages to the broadcast address.
  - sock can optionally be specified in order to use a preexisting, already connected, `socket.socket` object to be used by the transport. If specified, local_addr and remote_addr should be omitted (must be `None`).

  On Windows with `ProactorEventLoop`, this method is not supported.

  See UDP echo client protocol and UDP echo server protocol examples.

coroutine `AbstractEventLoop.``create_unix_connection`(protocol_factory, path=None, *, ssl=None, sock=None, server_hostname=None, ssl_handshake_timeout=None)

  Create UNIX connection: socket family `AF_UNIX`, socket type `SOCK_STREAM`. The `AF_UNIX` socket family is used to communicate between processes on the same machine efficiently.

  This method will try to establish the connection in the background. When successful, the it returns a `(transport, protocol)` pair.

  path is the name of a UNIX domain socket, and is required unless a sock parameter is specified. Abstract UNIX sockets, `str`, `bytes`, and `Path` paths are supported.

  See the `AbstractEventLoop.create_connection()` method for parameters.

  Availability: UNIX.

  New in version 3.7: The ssl_handshake_timeout parameter.

  Changed in version 3.7: The path parameter can now be a `Path` object.

## 19.5.1.7. Creating listening connections

coroutine `AbstractEventLoop.``create_server`(protocol_factory, host=None, port=None, *, family=socket.AF_UNSPEC, flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE, sock=None, backlog=100, ssl=None, reuse_address=None, reuse_port=None, ssl_handshake_timeout=None, start_serving=True)

  Create a TCP server (socket type `SOCK_STREAM`) bound to host and port.

  Return a `Server` object, its `sockets` attribute contains created sockets. Use the `Server.close()` method to stop the server: close listening sockets.

  Parameters:

  - The host parameter can be a string, in that case the TCP server is bound to host and port. The host parameter can also be a sequence of strings and in that case the TCP server is bound to all hosts of the sequence. If host is an empty string or `None`, all interfaces are assumed and a list of multiple sockets will be returned (most likely one for IPv4 and another one for IPv6).
  - family can be set to either `socket.AF_INET` or `AF_INET6` to force the socket to use IPv4 or IPv6. If not set it will be determined from host (defaults to `socket.AF_UNSPEC`).
  - flags is a bitmask for `getaddrinfo()`.
  - sock can optionally be specified in order to use a preexisting socket object. If specified, host and port should be omitted (must be `None`).
  - backlog is the maximum number of queued connections passed to `listen()` (defaults to 100).
  - ssl can be set to an `SSLContext` to enable SSL over the accepted connections.
  - reuse_address tells the kernel to reuse a local socket in TIME_WAIT state, without waiting for its natural timeout to expire. If not specified will automatically be set to `True` on UNIX.
  - reuse_port tells the kernel to allow this endpoint to be bound to the same port as other existing endpoints are bound to, so long as they all set this flag when being created. This option is not supported on Windows.
  - ssl_handshake_timeout is (for an SSL server) the time in seconds to wait for the SSL handshake to complete before aborting the connection. `10.0` seconds if `None` (default).
  - start_serving set to `True` (the default) causes the created server to start accepting connections immediately. When set to `False`, the user should await on `Server.start_serving()` or `Server.serve_forever()` to make the server to start accepting connections.

  New in version 3.7: ssl_handshake_timeout and start_serving parameters.

  Changed in version 3.5: On Windows with `ProactorEventLoop`, SSL/TLS is now supported.

  See also

  The function `start_server()` creates a (`StreamReader`, `StreamWriter`) pair and calls back a function with this pair.

  Changed in version 3.5.1: The host parameter can now be a sequence of strings.

coroutine `AbstractEventLoop.``create_unix_server`(protocol_factory, path=None, *, sock=None, backlog=100, ssl=None, ssl_handshake_timeout=None, start_serving=True)

  Similar to `AbstractEventLoop.create_server()`, but specific to the socket family `AF_UNIX`.

  path is the name of a UNIX domain socket, and is required unless a sock parameter is specified. Abstract UNIX sockets, `str`, `bytes`, and `Path` paths are supported.

  Availability: UNIX.

  New in version 3.7: The ssl_handshake_timeout parameter.

  Changed in version 3.7: The path parameter can now be a `Path` object.

coroutine `BaseEventLoop.``connect_accepted_socket`(protocol_factory, sock, *, ssl=None, ssl_handshake_timeout=None)

  Handle an accepted connection.

  This is used by servers that accept connections outside of asyncio but that use asyncio to handle them.

  Parameters:

  - sock is a preexisting socket object returned from an `accept` call.
  - ssl can be set to an `SSLContext` to enable SSL over the accepted connections.
  - ssl_handshake_timeout is (for an SSL connection) the time in seconds to wait for the SSL handshake to complete before aborting the connection. `10.0` seconds if `None` (default).

  When completed it returns a `(transport, protocol)` pair.

  New in version 3.7: The ssl_handshake_timeout parameter.

  New in version 3.5.3.

## 19.5.1.8. File Transferring

coroutine `AbstractEventLoop.``sendfile`(transport, file, offset=0, count=None, *, fallback=True)

  Send a file to transport, return the total number of bytes which were sent.

  The method uses high-performance `os.sendfile()` if available.

  file must be a regular file object opened in binary mode.

  offset tells from where to start reading the file. If specified, count is the total number of bytes to transmit as opposed to sending the file until EOF is reached. File position is updated on return or also in case of error in which case `file.tell()` can be used to figure out the number of bytes which were sent.

  fallback set to `True` makes asyncio to manually read and send the file when the platform does not support the sendfile syscall (e.g. Windows or SSL socket on Unix).

  Raise `SendfileNotAvailableError` if the system does not support sendfile syscall and fallback is `False`.

  New in version 3.7.

## 19.5.1.9. TLS Upgrade

coroutine `AbstractEventLoop.``start_tls`(transport, protocol, sslcontext, *, server_side=False, server_hostname=None, ssl_handshake_timeout=None)

  Upgrades an existing connection to TLS.

  Returns a new transport instance, that the protocol must start using immediately after the await. The transport instance passed to the start_tls method should never be used again.

  Parameters:

  - transport and protocol instances that methods like `create_server()` and `create_connection()` return.
  - sslcontext: a configured instance of `SSLContext`.
  - server_side pass `True` when a server-side connection is being upgraded (like the one created by `create_server()`).
  - server_hostname: sets or overrides the host name that the target server’s certificate will be matched against.
  - ssl_handshake_timeout is (for an SSL connection) the time in seconds to wait for the SSL handshake to complete before aborting the connection. `10.0` seconds if `None` (default).

  New in version 3.7.

## 19.5.1.10. Watch file descriptors

On Windows with `SelectorEventLoop`, only socket handles are supported (ex: pipe file descriptors are not supported).

On Windows with `ProactorEventLoop`, these methods are not supported.

`AbstractEventLoop.``add_reader`(fd, callback, *args)

  Start watching the file descriptor for read availability and then call the callback with specified arguments.

  Use functools.partial to pass keywords to the callback.

`AbstractEventLoop.``remove_reader`(fd)

  Stop watching the file descriptor for read availability.

`AbstractEventLoop.``add_writer`(fd, callback, *args)

  Start watching the file descriptor for write availability and then call the callback with specified arguments.

  Use functools.partial to pass keywords to the callback.

`AbstractEventLoop.``remove_writer`(fd)

  Stop watching the file descriptor for write availability.

The watch a file descriptor for read events example uses the low-level `AbstractEventLoop.add_reader()` method to register the file descriptor of a socket.

## 19.5.1.11. Low-level socket operations

coroutine `AbstractEventLoop.``sock_recv`(sock, nbytes)

  Receive data from the socket. Modeled after blocking `socket.socket.recv()` method.

  The return value is a bytes object representing the data received. The maximum amount of data to be received at once is specified by nbytes.

  With `SelectorEventLoop` event loop, the socket sock must be non-blocking.

  Changed in version 3.7: Even though the method was always documented as a coroutine method, before Python 3.7 it returned a `Future`. Since Python 3.7, this is an `async def` method.

coroutine `AbstractEventLoop.``sock_recv_into`(sock, buf)

  Receive data from the socket. Modeled after blocking `socket.socket.recv_into()` method.

  The received data is written into buf (a writable buffer). The return value is the number of bytes written.

  With `SelectorEventLoop` event loop, the socket sock must be non-blocking.

  New in version 3.7.

coroutine `AbstractEventLoop.``sock_sendall`(sock, data)

  Send data to the socket. Modeled after blocking `socket.socket.sendall()` method.

  The socket must be connected to a remote socket. This method continues to send data from data until either all data has been sent or an error occurs. `None` is returned on success. On error, an exception is raised, and there is no way to determine how much data, if any, was successfully processed by the receiving end of the connection.

  With `SelectorEventLoop` event loop, the socket sock must be non-blocking.

  Changed in version 3.7: Even though the method was always documented as a coroutine method, before Python 3.7 it returned an `Future`. Since Python 3.7, this is an `async def` method.

coroutine `AbstractEventLoop.``sock_connect`(sock, address)

  Connect to a remote socket at address. Modeled after blocking `socket.socket.connect()` method.

  With `SelectorEventLoop` event loop, the socket sock must be non-blocking.

  Changed in version 3.5.2: `address` no longer needs to be resolved. `sock_connect` will try to check if the address is already resolved by calling `socket.inet_pton()`. If not, `AbstractEventLoop.getaddrinfo()` will be used to resolve the address.

  See also

  `AbstractEventLoop.create_connection()` and `asyncio.open_connection()`.

coroutine `AbstractEventLoop.``sock_accept`(sock)

  Accept a connection. Modeled after blocking `socket.socket.accept()`.

  The socket must be bound to an address and listening for connections. The return value is a pair `(conn, address)` where conn is a new socket object usable to send and receive data on the connection, and address is the address bound to the socket on the other end of the connection.

  The socket sock must be non-blocking.

  Changed in version 3.7: Even though the method was always documented as a coroutine method, before Python 3.7 it returned a `Future`. Since Python 3.7, this is an `async def` method.

  See also

  `AbstractEventLoop.create_server()` and `start_server()`.

coroutine `AbstractEventLoop.``sock_sendfile`(sock, file, offset=0, count=None, *, fallback=True)

  Send a file using high-performance `os.sendfile` if possible and return the total number of bytes which were sent.

  Asynchronous version of `socket.socket.sendfile()`.

  sock must be non-blocking `socket` of `socket.SOCK_STREAM` type.

  file must be a regular file object opened in binary mode.

  offset tells from where to start reading the file. If specified, count is the total number of bytes to transmit as opposed to sending the file until EOF is reached. File position is updated on return or also in case of error in which case `file.tell()` can be used to figure out the number of bytes which were sent.

  fallback set to `True` makes asyncio to manually read and send the file when the platform does not support the sendfile syscall (e.g. Windows or SSL socket on Unix).

  Raise `SendfileNotAvailableError` if the system does not support sendfile syscall and fallback is `False`.

  New in version 3.7.

## 19.5.1.12. Resolve host name

coroutine `AbstractEventLoop.``getaddrinfo`(host, port, *, family=0, type=0, proto=0, flags=0)

  This method is a coroutine, similar to `socket.getaddrinfo()` function but non-blocking.

coroutine `AbstractEventLoop.``getnameinfo`(sockaddr, flags=0)

  This method is a coroutine, similar to `socket.getnameinfo()` function but non-blocking.

Changed in version 3.7: Both getaddrinfo and getnameinfo methods were always documented to return a coroutine, but prior to Python 3.7 they were, in fact, returning `asyncio.Future` objects. Starting with Python 3.7 both methods are coroutines.

## 19.5.1.13. Connect pipes

On Windows with `SelectorEventLoop`, these methods are not supported. Use `ProactorEventLoop` to support pipes on Windows.

coroutine `AbstractEventLoop.``connect_read_pipe`(protocol_factory, pipe)

  Register read pipe in eventloop.

  protocol_factory should instantiate object with `Protocol` interface. pipe is a file-like object. Return pair `(transport, protocol)`, where transport supports the `ReadTransport` interface.

  With `SelectorEventLoop` event loop, the pipe is set to non-blocking mode.

coroutine `AbstractEventLoop.``connect_write_pipe`(protocol_factory, pipe)

  Register write pipe in eventloop.

  protocol_factory should instantiate object with `BaseProtocol` interface. pipe is file-like object. Return pair `(transport, protocol)`, where transport supports `WriteTransport` interface.

  With `SelectorEventLoop` event loop, the pipe is set to non-blocking mode.

See also

The `AbstractEventLoop.subprocess_exec()` and `AbstractEventLoop.subprocess_shell()` methods.

## 19.5.1.14. UNIX signals

Availability: UNIX only.

`AbstractEventLoop.``add_signal_handler`(signum, callback, *args)

  Add a handler for a signal.

  Raise `ValueError` if the signal number is invalid or uncatchable. Raise `RuntimeError` if there is a problem setting up the handler.

  Use functools.partial to pass keywords to the callback.

`AbstractEventLoop.``remove_signal_handler`(sig)

  Remove a handler for a signal.

  Return `True` if a signal handler was removed, `False` if not.

See also

The `signal` module.

## 19.5.1.15. Executor

Call a function in an `Executor` (pool of threads or pool of processes). By default, an event loop uses a thread pool executor (`ThreadPoolExecutor`).

`AbstractEventLoop.``run_in_executor`(executor, func, *args)

  Arrange for a func to be called in the specified executor.

  The executor argument should be an `Executor` instance. The default executor is used if executor is `None`.

  Use functools.partial to pass keywords to the *func*.

  This method returns a `asyncio.Future` object.

  Changed in version 3.5.3: `BaseEventLoop.run_in_executor()` no longer configures the `max_workers` of the thread pool executor it creates, instead leaving it up to the thread pool executor (`ThreadPoolExecutor`) to set the default.

`AbstractEventLoop.``set_default_executor`(executor)

  Set the default executor used by `run_in_executor()`.

## 19.5.1.16. Error Handling API

Allows customizing how exceptions are handled in the event loop.

`AbstractEventLoop.``set_exception_handler`(handler)

  Set handler as the new event loop exception handler.

  If handler is `None`, the default exception handler will be set.

  If handler is a callable object, it should have a matching signature to `(loop, context)`, where `loop` will be a reference to the active event loop, `context` will be a `dict` object (see `call_exception_handler()` documentation for details about context).

`AbstractEventLoop.``get_exception_handler`()

  Return the exception handler, or `None` if the default one is in use.

  New in version 3.5.2.

`AbstractEventLoop.``default_exception_handler`(context)

  Default exception handler.

  This is called when an exception occurs and no exception handler is set, and can be called by a custom exception handler that wants to defer to the default behavior.

  context parameter has the same meaning as in `call_exception_handler()`.

`AbstractEventLoop.``call_exception_handler`(context)

  Call the current event loop exception handler.

  context is a `dict` object containing the following keys (new keys may be introduced later):

  - ‘message’: Error message;
  - ‘exception’ (optional): Exception object;
  - ‘future’ (optional): `asyncio.Future` instance;
  - ‘handle’ (optional): `asyncio.Handle` instance;
  - ‘protocol’ (optional): Protocol instance;
  - ‘transport’ (optional): Transport instance;
  - ‘socket’ (optional): `socket.socket` instance.

  Note

  Note: this method should not be overloaded in subclassed event loops. For any custom exception handling, use `set_exception_handler()` method.

## 19.5.1.17. Debug mode

`AbstractEventLoop.``get_debug`()

  Get the debug mode (`bool`) of the event loop.

  The default value is `True` if the environment variable `PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG` is set to a non-empty string, `False` otherwise.

  New in version 3.4.2.

`AbstractEventLoop.``set_debug`(enabled: bool)

  Set the debug mode of the event loop.

  New in version 3.4.2.

See also

The debug mode of asyncio.

## 19.5.1.18. Server

class `asyncio.``Server`

  Server listening on sockets.

  Object created by `AbstractEventLoop.create_server()`, `AbstractEventLoop.create_unix_server()`, `start_server()`, and `start_unix_server()` functions. Don’t instantiate the class directly.

  Server objects are asynchronous context managers. When used in an `async with` statement, it’s guaranteed that the Server object is closed and not accepting new connections when the `async with` statement is completed:

      srv = await loop.create_server(...)

      async with srv:
          # some code

      # At this point, srv is closed and no longer accepts new connections.

  Changed in version 3.7: Server object is an asynchronous context manager since Python 3.7.

  `close`()

    Stop serving: close listening sockets and set the `sockets` attribute to `None`.

    The sockets that represent existing incoming client connections are left open.

    The server is closed asynchronously, use the `wait_closed()` coroutine to wait until the server is closed.

  `get_loop`()

    Gives the event loop associated with the server object.

    New in version 3.7.

  coroutine `start_serving`()

    Start accepting connections.

    This method is idempotent, so it can be called when the server is already being serving.

    The new start_serving keyword-only parameter to `AbstractEventLoop.create_server()` and `asyncio.start_server()` allows to create a Server object that is not accepting connections right away. In which case this method, or `Server.serve_forever()` can be used to make the Server object to start accepting connections.

    New in version 3.7.

  coroutine `serve_forever`()

    Start accepting connections until the coroutine is cancelled. Cancellation of `serve_forever` task causes the server to be closed.

    This method can be called if the server is already accepting connections. Only one `serve_forever` task can exist per one Server object.

    Example:

        async def client_connected(reader, writer):
            # Communicate with the client with
            # reader/writer streams.  For example:
            await reader.readline()

        async def main(host, port):
            srv = await asyncio.start_server(
                client_connected, host, port)
            await srv.serve_forever()

        asyncio.run(main('127.0.0.1', 0))

    New in version 3.7.

  `is_serving`()

    Return `True` if the server is accepting new connections.

    New in version 3.7.

  coroutine `wait_closed`()

    Wait until the `close()` method completes.

  `sockets`

    List of `socket.socket` objects the server is listening to, or `None` if the server is closed.

    Changed in version 3.7: Prior to Python 3.7 `Server.sockets` used to return the internal list of server’s sockets directly. In 3.7 a copy of that list is returned.

## 19.5.1.19. Handle

class `asyncio.``Handle`

  A callback wrapper object returned by `AbstractEventLoop.call_soon()`, `AbstractEventLoop.call_soon_threadsafe()`.

  `cancel`()

    Cancel the call. If the callback is already canceled or executed, this method has no effect.

  `cancelled`()

    Return `True` if the call was cancelled.

    New in version 3.7.

class `asyncio.``TimerHandle`

  A callback wrapper object returned by `AbstractEventLoop.call_later()`, and `AbstractEventLoop.call_at()`.

  The class is inherited from `Handle`.

  `when`()

    Return a scheduled callback time as `float` seconds.

    The time is an absolute timestamp, using the same time reference as `AbstractEventLoop.time()`.

    New in version 3.7.

## 19.5.1.20. SendfileNotAvailableError

exception `asyncio.``SendfileNotAvailableError`

  Sendfile syscall is not available, subclass of `RuntimeError`.

  Raised if the OS does not support sendfile syscall for given socket or file type.

## 19.5.1.21. Event loop examples

### 19.5.1.21.1. Hello World with call_soon()

Example using the `AbstractEventLoop.call_soon()` method to schedule a callback. The callback displays `"Hello World"` and then stops the event loop:

    import asyncio

    def hello_world(loop):
        print('Hello World')
        loop.stop()

    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()

    # Schedule a call to hello_world()
    loop.call_soon(hello_world, loop)

    # Blocking call interrupted by loop.stop()
    loop.run_forever()
    loop.close()

See also

The Hello World coroutine example uses a coroutine.

### 19.5.1.21.2. Display the current date with call_later()

Example of callback displaying the current date every second. The callback uses the `AbstractEventLoop.call_later()` method to reschedule itself during 5 seconds, and then stops the event loop:

    import asyncio
    import datetime

    def display_date(end_time, loop):
        print(datetime.datetime.now())
        if (loop.time() + 1.0) < end_time:
            loop.call_later(1, display_date, end_time, loop)
        else:
            loop.stop()

    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()

    # Schedule the first call to display_date()
    end_time = loop.time() + 5.0
    loop.call_soon(display_date, end_time, loop)

    # Blocking call interrupted by loop.stop()
    loop.run_forever()
    loop.close()

See also

The coroutine displaying the current date example uses a coroutine.

### 19.5.1.21.3. Watch a file descriptor for read events

Wait until a file descriptor received some data using the `AbstractEventLoop.add_reader()` method and then close the event loop:

    import asyncio
    from socket import socketpair

    # Create a pair of connected file descriptors
    rsock, wsock = socketpair()
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()

    def reader():
        data = rsock.recv(100)
        print("Received:", data.decode())
        # We are done: unregister the file descriptor
        loop.remove_reader(rsock)
        # Stop the event loop
        loop.stop()

    # Register the file descriptor for read event
    loop.add_reader(rsock, reader)

    # Simulate the reception of data from the network
    loop.call_soon(wsock.send, 'abc'.encode())

    # Run the event loop
    loop.run_forever()

    # We are done, close sockets and the event loop
    rsock.close()
    wsock.close()
    loop.close()

See also

The register an open socket to wait for data using a protocol example uses a low-level protocol created by the `AbstractEventLoop.create_connection()` method.

The register an open socket to wait for data using streams example uses high-level streams created by the `open_connection()` function in a coroutine.

### 19.5.1.21.4. Set signal handlers for SIGINT and SIGTERM

Register handlers for signals `SIGINT` and `SIGTERM` using the `AbstractEventLoop.add_signal_handler()` method:

    import asyncio
    import functools
    import os
    import signal

    def ask_exit(signame):
        print("got signal %s: exit" % signame)
        loop.stop()

    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    for signame in ('SIGINT', 'SIGTERM'):
        loop.add_signal_handler(getattr(signal, signame),
                                functools.partial(ask_exit, signame))

    print("Event loop running forever, press Ctrl+C to interrupt.")
    print("pid %s: send SIGINT or SIGTERM to exit." % os.getpid())
    try:
        loop.run_forever()
    finally:
        loop.close()

This example only works on UNIX.