# PEX API Reference

## Module contents

## pex.crawler module

Support for webpage parsing and crawling.

class `pex.crawler.``Crawler`(context=None, threads=1)

  Bases: `object`

  A multi-threaded crawler that supports local (disk) and remote (web) crawling.

  classmethod `reset_cache`()

    Reset the internal crawl cache. This is intended primarily for tests.

class `pex.crawler.``PageParser`

  Bases: `object`

  A helper class to extract and differentiate ordinary and download links from webpages.

  classmethod `links`(page)

    return all links on a page, including potentially rel= links.

  classmethod `rel_links`(page)

    return rel= links that should be scraped, skipping obviously data links.

`pex.crawler.``unescape`(s)

  Unescapes html. Taken from https://wiki.python.org/moin/EscapingHtml

## pex.environment module

## pex.fetcher module

class `pex.fetcher.``FetcherBase`

  Bases: `abc.AbstractClass`

  A fetcher takes a Requirement and tells us where to crawl to find it.

## pex.finders module

The finders we wish we had in setuptools.

As of setuptools 3.3, the only finder for zip-based distributions is for eggs. The path-based finder only searches paths ending in .egg and not in .whl (zipped or unzipped.)

pex.finders augments pkg_resources with additional finders to achieve functional parity between wheels and eggs in terms of findability with find_distributions.

To use:

      >>> from pex.finders import register_finders
      >>> register_finders()

class `pex.finders.``ChainedFinder`(finders)

  Bases: `object`

  A utility to chain together multiple pkg_resources finders.

class `pex.finders.``FixedEggMetadata`(importer)

  Bases: `pkg_resources.EggMetadata`

  An EggMetadata provider that has functional parity with the disk-based provider.

class `pex.finders.``WheelMetadata`(importer)

  Bases: `pkg_resources.EggMetadata`

  Metadata provider for zipped wheels.

`pex.finders.``get_script_from_egg`(name, dist)

  Returns location, content of script in distribution or (None, None) if not there.

`pex.finders.``register_finders`()

  Register finders necessary for PEX to function properly.

`pex.finders.``unregister_finders`()

  Unregister finders necessary for PEX to function properly.

## pex.http module

class `pex.http.``CachedRequestsContext`(cache=None, **kw)

  Bases: `pex.http.RequestsContext`

  A requests-based Context with CacheControl support.

class `pex.http.``Context`

  Bases: `abc.AbstractClass`

  Encapsulate the networking necessary to do requirement resolution.

  At a minimum, the Context must implement `open(link)` by returning a file-like object. Reference implementations of `read(link)` and `fetch(link)` are provided based upon `open(link)` but may be further specialized by individual implementations.

  exception `Error`

    Bases: `exceptions.Exception`

    Error base class for Contexts to wrap application-specific exceptions.

  `content`(link)

    Return the encoded content associated with the link.

    Parameters: | link – The `Link` to read.

  `fetch`(link, into=None)

    Fetch the binary content associated with the link and write to a file.

    Parameters:

    - link – The `Link` to fetch.
    - into – If specified, write into the directory `into`. If `None`, creates a new temporary directory that persists for the duration of the interpreter.

  `open`(link)

    Return an open file-like object to the link.

    Parameters: | link – The `Link` to open.

  `read`(link)

    Return the binary content associated with the link.

    Parameters: | link – The `Link` to read.

  classmethod `register`(context_impl)

    Register a concrete implementation of a `Context` to be recognized.

class `pex.http.``RequestsContext`(session=None, verify=True, env=<pex.variables.Variables object>)

  Bases: `pex.http.Context`

  A requests-based Context.

class `pex.http.``StreamFilelike`(request, link, chunk_size=16384)

  Bases: `object`

  A file-like object wrapper around requests streams that performs hash validation.

  classmethod `detect_algorithm`(link)

    Detect the hashing algorithm from the fragment in the link, if any.

class `pex.http.``UrllibContext`(*args, **kw)

  Bases: `pex.http.Context`

  Default Python standard library Context.

## pex.installer module

class `pex.installer.``Installer`(source_dir, strict=True, interpreter=None)

  Bases: `pex.installer.InstallerBase`

  Install an unpacked distribution with a setup.py.

class `pex.installer.``Packager`(source_dir, strict=True, interpreter=None, install_dir=None)

  Bases: `pex.installer.DistributionPackager`

  Create a source distribution from an unpacked setup.py-based project.

## pex.interpreter module

pex support for interacting with interpreters.

## pex.iterator module

The glue between fetchers, crawlers and requirements.

class `pex.iterator.``Iterator`(fetchers=None, crawler=None, follow_links=False)

  Bases: `pex.iterator.IteratorInterface`

  A requirement iterator, the glue between fetchers, crawlers and requirements.

## pex.link module

class `pex.link.``Link`(url)

  Bases: `object`

  Wrapper around a URL.

  `filename`

    The basename of this url.

  `fragment`

    The url fragment following ‘#’ if any.

  classmethod `from_filename`(filename)

    Return a `Link` wrapping the local filename.

  `join`(href)

    Given a href relative to this link, return the `Link` of the absolute url.

    Parameters: | href – A string-like path relative to this link.

  `local`

    Is the url a local file?

  `local_path`

    Returns the local filesystem path (only works for file:// urls).

  `path`

    The full path of this url with any hostname and scheme components removed.

  `remote`

    Is the url a remote file?

  `scheme`

    The URI scheme used by this Link.

  `url`

    The url string to which this link points.

  classmethod `wrap`(url)

    Given a url that is either a string or `Link`, return a `Link`.

    Parameters: | url – A string-like or `Link` object to wrap.
    Returns: | A `Link` object wrapping the url.

  classmethod `wrap_iterable`(url_or_urls)

    Given a string or `Link` or iterable, return an iterable of `Link` objects.

    Parameters: | url_or_urls – A string or `Link` object, or iterable of string or `Link` objects.
    Returns: | A list of `Link` objects.

## pex.package module

`pex.package.``EGG_NAME`()

  match(string[, pos[, endpos]]) –> match object or None. Matches zero or more characters at the beginning of the string

class `pex.package.``EggPackage`(url, **kw)

  Bases: `pex.package.Package`

  A Package representing a built egg.

class `pex.package.``Package`(url)

  Bases: `pex.link.Link`

  Base class for named Python binary packages (e.g. source, egg, wheel).

  `compatible`(identity, platform='linux-x86_64')

    Is this link compatible with the given `PythonIdentity` identity and platform?

    Parameters:

    - identity (`PythonIdentity`) – The Python identity (e.g. CPython 2.7.5) against which compatibility should be checked.
    - platform (string or None) – The platform against which compatibility should be checked. If None, do not check platform compatibility.

  classmethod `from_href`(href, **kw)

    Convert from a url to Package.

    Parameters: | href (string) – The url to parse
    Returns: | A Package object if a valid concrete implementation exists, otherwise None.

  classmethod `register`(package_type)

    Register a concrete implementation of a Package to be recognized by pex.

  `satisfies`(requirement)

    Determine whether this package matches the requirement.

    Parameters: | requirement (string or `pkg_resources.Requirement`) – The requirement to compare this Package against
    Returns: | True if the package matches the requirement, otherwise False

class `pex.package.``SourcePackage`(url, **kw)

  Bases: `pex.package.Package`

  A Package representing an uncompiled/unbuilt source distribution.

  classmethod `split_fragment`(fragment)

    A heuristic used to split a string into version name/fragment:

        >>> SourcePackage.split_fragment('pysolr-2.1.0-beta')
        ('pysolr', '2.1.0-beta')
        >>> SourcePackage.split_fragment('cElementTree-1.0.5-20051216')
        ('cElementTree', '1.0.5-20051216')
        >>> SourcePackage.split_fragment('pil-1.1.7b1-20090412')
        ('pil', '1.1.7b1-20090412')
        >>> SourcePackage.split_fragment('django-plugin-2-2.3')
        ('django-plugin-2', '2.3')

class `pex.package.``WheelPackage`(url, **kw)

  Bases: `pex.package.Package`

  A Package representing a built wheel.

`pex.package.``distribution_compatible`(dist, interpreter=None, platform=None)

  Is this distribution compatible with the given interpreter/platform combination?

  Parameters: | interpreter – The Python interpreter against which compatibility should be checked. If None

  specified, the current interpreter is used. :type identity: `PythonInterpreter` or None :param platform: The platform against which compatibility should be checked. If None, the current platform will be used :type platform: string or None :returns: True if the distribution is compatible, False if it is unrecognized or incompatible.

## pex.pep425 module

PEP425 handling for pex

PEP425 (http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0425/) describes a tagging system used to determine whether or not a distribution’s platform is compatible with the current platform. It is the tagging system used to describe platform compatibility for wheel files.

class `pex.pep425.``PEP425Extras`

  Bases: `object`

  Extensions to platform handling beyond PEP425.

  classmethod `platform_iterator`(platform)

    Iterate over all compatible platform tags of a supplied platform tag.

    Parameters: | platform – the platform tag to iterate over

## pex.pex module

class `pex.pex.``PEX`(pex='/usr/bin/sphinx-build', interpreter=None, env=<pex.variables.Variables object>)

  Bases: `object`

  PEX, n. A self-contained python environment.

  `cmdline`(args=())

    The commandline to run this environment.

    Parameters: | args – Additional arguments to be passed to the application being invoked by the environment.

  `execute`()

    Execute the PEX.

    This function makes assumptions that it is the last function called by the interpreter.

  classmethod `minimum_sys`(inherit_path)

    Return the minimum sys necessary to run this interpreter, a la python -S.

    Returns: | (sys.path, sys.path_importer_cache, sys.modules) tuple of a bare python installation.

  classmethod `minimum_sys_modules`(site_libs, modules=None)

    Given a set of site-packages paths, return a “clean” sys.modules.

    When importing site, modules within sys.modules have their __path__’s populated with additional paths as defined by *-nspkg.pth in site-packages, or alternately by distribution metadata such as *.dist-info/namespace_packages.txt. This can possibly cause namespace packages to leak into imports despite being scrubbed from sys.path.

    NOTE: This method mutates modules’ __path__ attributes in sys.module, so this is currently an irreversible operation.

  classmethod `patch_pkg_resources`(*args, **kwds)

    Patch pkg_resources given a new working set.

  classmethod `patch_sys`(*args, **kwds)

    Patch sys with all site scrubbed.

  `run`(args=(), with_chroot=False, blocking=True, setsid=False, **kwargs)

    Run the PythonEnvironment in an interpreter in a subprocess.

    Parameters:

    - args – Additional arguments to be passed to the application being invoked by the environment.
    - with_chroot – Run with cwd set to the environment’s working directory.
    - blocking – If true, return the return code of the subprocess. If false, return the Popen object of the invoked subprocess.
    - setsid – If true, run the PEX in a separate operating system session.

    Remaining keyword arguments are passed directly to subprocess.Popen.

## pex.pex_builder module

class `pex.pex_builder.``PEXBuilder`(path=None, interpreter=None, chroot=None, pex_info=None, preamble=None, copy=False)

  Bases: `object`

  Helper for building PEX environments.

  `add_dist_location`(dist, name=None)

    Add a distribution by its location on disk.

    Parameters:

    - dist – The path to the distribution to add.
    - name – (optional) The name of the distribution, should the dist directory alone be ambiguous. Packages contained within site-packages directories may require specifying `name`.

    Raises: | PEXBuilder.InvalidDistribution – When the path does not contain a matching distribution.

    PEX supports packed and unpacked .whl and .egg distributions, as well as any distribution supported by setuptools/pkg_resources.

  `add_distribution`(dist, dist_name=None)

    Add a `pkg_resources.Distribution` from its handle.

    Parameters:

    - dist (`pkg_resources.Distribution`) – The distribution to add to this environment.
    - dist_name – (optional) The name of the distribution e.g. ‘Flask-0.10.0’. By default this will be inferred from the distribution itself should it be formatted in a standard way.

  `add_egg`(egg)

    Alias for add_dist_location.

  `add_requirement`(req)

    Add a requirement to the PEX environment.

    Parameters: | req – A requirement that should be resolved in this environment.

    Changed in version 0.8: Removed `dynamic` and `repo` keyword arguments as they were unused.

  `add_resource`(filename, env_filename)

    Add a resource to the PEX environment.

    Parameters:

    - filename – The source filename to add to the PEX.
    - env_filename – The destination filename in the PEX. This path must be a relative path.

  `add_source`(filename, env_filename)

    Add a source to the PEX environment.

    Parameters:

    - filename – The source filename to add to the PEX.
    - env_filename – The destination filename in the PEX. This path must be a relative path.

  `build`(filename, bytecode_compile=True)

    Package the PEX into a zipfile.

    Parameters:

    - filename – The filename where the PEX should be stored.
    - bytecode_compile – If True, precompile .py files into .pyc files.

    If the PEXBuilder is not yet frozen, it will be frozen by `build`. This renders the PEXBuilder immutable.

  `clone`(into=None)

    Clone this PEX environment into a new PEXBuilder.

    Parameters: | into – (optional) An optional destination directory to clone this PEXBuilder into. If not specified, a temporary directory will be created.

    Clones PEXBuilder into a new location. This is useful if the PEXBuilder has been frozen and rendered immutable.

    Changed in version 0.8: The temporary directory created when `into` is not specified is now garbage collected on interpreter exit.

  `freeze`(bytecode_compile=True)

    Freeze the PEX.

    Parameters: | bytecode_compile – If True, precompile .py files into .pyc files when freezing code.

    Freezing the PEX writes all the necessary metadata and environment bootstrapping code. It may only be called once and renders the PEXBuilder immutable.

  `set_entry_point`(entry_point)

    Set the entry point of this PEX environment.

    Parameters: | entry_point (string or None) – The entry point of the PEX in the form of `module` or `module:symbol`, or `None`.

    By default the entry point is None. The behavior of a `None` entry point is dropping into an interpreter. If `module`, it will be executed via `runpy.run_module`. If `module:symbol`, it is equivalent to `from module import symbol; symbol()`.

    The entry point may also be specified via `PEXBuilder.set_executable`.

  `set_executable`(filename, env_filename=None)

    Set the executable for this environment.

    Parameters:

    - filename – The file that should be executed within the PEX environment when the PEX is invoked.
    - env_filename – (optional) The name that the executable file should be stored as within the PEX. By default this will be the base name of the given filename.

    The entry point of the PEX may also be specified via `PEXBuilder.set_entry_point`.

  `set_script`(script)

    Set the entry point of this PEX environment based upon a distribution script.

    Parameters: | script – The script name as defined either by a console script or ordinary script within the setup.py of one of the distributions added to the PEX.
    Raises: | `PEXBuilder.InvalidExecutableSpecification` if the script is not found in any distribution added to the PEX.

  `set_shebang`(shebang)

    Set the exact shebang line for the PEX file.

    For example, pex_builder.set_shebang(‘/home/wickman/Local/bin/python3.4’). This is used to override the default behavior which is to have a #!/usr/bin/env line referencing an interpreter compatible with the one used to build the PEX.

    Parameters: | shebang (str) – The shebang line. If it does not include the leading ‘#!’ it will be added.

## pex.pex_info module

class `pex.pex_info.``PexInfo`(info=None)

  Bases: `object`

  PEX metadata.

  # Build metadata: build_properties: BuildProperties # (key-value information about the build system) code_hash: str # sha1 hash of all names/code in the archive distributions: {dist_name: str} # map from distribution name (i.e. path in

  > # the internal cache) to its cache key (sha1)

  requirements: list # list of requirements for this environment

  # Environment options pex_root: string # root of all pex-related files eg: ~/.pex entry_point: string # entry point into this pex script: string # script to execute in this pex environment

  > # at most one of script/entry_point can be specified

  zip_safe: True, default False # is this pex zip safe? inherit_path: True, default False # should this pex inherit site-packages + PYTHONPATH? ignore_errors: True, default False # should we ignore inability to resolve dependencies? always_write_cache: False # should we always write the internal cache to disk first?

  > # this is useful if you have very large dependencies that # do not fit in RAM constrained environments

  Changed in version 0.8: Removed the `repositories` and `indices` information, as they were never implemented.

  `build_properties`

    Information about the system on which this PEX was generated.

    Returns: | A dictionary containing metadata about the environment used to build this PEX.

  `inherit_path`

    Whether or not this PEX should be allowed to inherit system dependencies.

    By default, PEX environments are scrubbed of all system distributions prior to execution. This means that PEX files cannot rely upon preexisting system libraries.

    By default inherit_path is False. This may be overridden at runtime by the $PEX_INHERIT_PATH environment variable.

  `zip_safe`

    Whether or not this PEX should be treated as zip-safe.

    If set to false and the PEX is zipped, the contents of the PEX will be unpacked into a directory within the PEX_ROOT prior to execution. This allows code and frameworks depending upon __file__ existing on disk to operate normally.

    By default zip_safe is True. May be overridden at runtime by the $PEX_FORCE_LOCAL environment variable.

class `pex.pex_info.``PexPlatform`(interpreter, version, strict)

  Bases: `tuple`

  `interpreter`

    Alias for field number 0

  `strict`

    Alias for field number 2

  `version`

    Alias for field number 1

## pex.platforms module

## pex.resolver module

class `pex.resolver.``CachingResolver`(cache, cache_ttl, *args, **kw)

  Bases: `pex.resolver.Resolver`

  A package resolver implementing a package cache.

class `pex.resolver.``Resolver`(interpreter=None, platform=None)

  Bases: `object`

  Interface for resolving resolvable entities into python packages.

class `pex.resolver.``StaticIterator`(packages)

  Bases: `pex.iterator.IteratorInterface`

  An iterator that iterates over a static list of packages.

`pex.resolver.``resolve`(requirements, fetchers=None, interpreter=None, platform=None, context=None, precedence=None, cache=None, cache_ttl=None)

  Produce all distributions needed to (recursively) meet requirements

  Parameters:

  - requirements – An iterator of Requirement-like things, either `pkg_resources.Requirement` objects or requirement strings.
  - fetchers – (optional) A list of `Fetcher` objects for locating packages. If unspecified, the default is to look for packages on PyPI.
  - interpreter – (optional) A `PythonInterpreter` object to use for building distributions and for testing distribution compatibility.
  - platform – (optional) A PEP425-compatible platform string to use for filtering compatible distributions. If unspecified, the current platform is used, as determined by Platform.current().
  - context – (optional) A `Context` object to use for network access. If unspecified, the resolver will attempt to use the best available network context.
  - precedence – (optional) An ordered list of allowable `Package` classes to be used for producing distributions. For example, if precedence is supplied as `(WheelPackage, SourcePackage)`, wheels will be preferred over building from source, and eggs will not be used at all. If `(WheelPackage, EggPackage)` is suppplied, both wheels and eggs will be used, but the resolver will not resort to building anything from source.
  - cache – (optional) A directory to use to cache distributions locally.
  - cache_ttl – (optional integer in seconds) If specified, consider non-exact matches when resolving requirements. For example, if `setuptools==2.2` is specified and setuptools 2.2 is available in the cache, it will always be used. However, if a non-exact requirement such as `setuptools>=2,<3` is specified and there exists a setuptools distribution newer than cache_ttl seconds that satisfies the requirement, then it will be used. If the distribution is older than cache_ttl seconds, it will be ignored. If `cache_ttl` is not specified, resolving inexact requirements will always result in making network calls through the `context`.

  Returns: | List of `pkg_resources.Distribution` instances meeting `requirements`.

  Raises:

  - Unsatisfiable – If `requirements` is not transitively satisfiable.
  - Untranslateable – If no compatible distributions could be acquired for a particular requirement.

  This method improves upon the setuptools dependency resolution algorithm by maintaining sets of all compatible distributions encountered for each requirement rather than the single best distribution encountered for each requirement. This prevents situations where `tornado` and `tornado==2.0` could be treated as incompatible with each other because the “best distribution” when encountering `tornado` was tornado 3.0. Instead, `resolve` maintains the set of compatible distributions for each requirement as it is encountered, and iteratively filters the set. If the set of distributions ever becomes empty, then `Unsatisfiable` is raised.

  Changed in version 0.8: A number of keywords were added to make requirement resolution slightly easier to configure. The optional `obtainer` keyword was replaced by `fetchers`, `translator`, `context`, `threads`, `precedence`, `cache` and `cache_ttl`, also all optional keywords.

  Changed in version 1.0: The `translator` and `threads` keywords have been removed. The choice of threading policy is now implicit. The choice of translation policy is dictated by `precedence` directly.

  Changed in version 1.0: `resolver` is now just a wrapper around the `Resolver` and `CachingResolver` classes.

## pex.testing module

class `pex.testing.``IntegResults`

  Bases: `pex.testing.results`

  Convenience object to return integration run results.

`pex.testing.``run_pex_command`(args, env=None)

  Simulate running pex command for integration testing.

  This is different from run_simple_pex in that it calls the pex command rather than running a generated pex. This is useful for testing end to end runs with specific command line arguments or env options.

`pex.testing.``temporary_content`(*args, **kwds)

  Write content to disk where content is map from string => (int, string).

  If target is int, write int random bytes. Otherwise write contents of string.

`pex.testing.``temporary_filename`(*args, **kwds)

  Creates a temporary filename.

  This is useful when you need to pass a filename to an API. Windows requires all handles to a file be closed before deleting/renaming it, so this makes it a bit simpler.

`pex.testing.``write_simple_pex`(td, exe_contents, dists=None, coverage=False)

  Write a pex file that contains an executable entry point

  Parameters:

  - td – temporary directory path
  - exe_contents (string) – entry point python file
  - dists – distributions to include, typically sdists or bdists
  - coverage – include coverage header

## pex.tracer module

class `pex.tracer.``TraceLogger`(predicate=None, output=<open file '<stderr>', mode 'w'>, clock=<module 'time' (built-in)>, prefix='')

  Bases: `object`

  A multi-threaded tracer.

## pex.translator module

class `pex.translator.``ChainedTranslator`(*translators)

  Bases: `pex.translator.TranslatorBase`

  Glue a sequence of Translators together in priority order. The first Translator to resolve a requirement wins.

class `pex.translator.``TranslatorBase`

  Bases: `abc.AbstractClass`

  Translate a link into a distribution.

## pex.util module

class `pex.util.``Memoizer`

  Bases: `object`

  A thread safe class for memoizing the results of a computation.

`pex.util.``named_temporary_file`(*args, **kwds)

  Due to a bug in python (https://bugs.python.org/issue14243), we need this to be able to use the temporary file without deleting it.

## pex.variables module

class `pex.variables.``Variables`(environ=None, rc='~/.pexrc', use_defaults=True)

  Bases: `object`

  Environment variables supported by the PEX runtime.

  `PEX_ALWAYS_CACHE`

    Boolean

    Always write PEX dependencies to disk prior to invoking regardless whether or not the dependencies are zip-safe. For certain dependencies that are very large such as numpy, this can reduce the RAM necessary to launch the PEX. The data will be written into $PEX_ROOT, which by default is $HOME/.pex. Default: false.

  `PEX_COVERAGE`

    Boolean

    Enable coverage reporting for this PEX file. This requires that the “coverage” module is available in the PEX environment. Default: false.

  `PEX_COVERAGE_FILENAME`

    Filename

    Write the coverage data to the specified filename. If PEX_COVERAGE_FILENAME is not specified but PEX_COVERAGE is, coverage information will be printed to stdout and not saved.

  `PEX_FORCE_LOCAL`

    Boolean

    Force this PEX to be not-zip-safe. This forces all code and dependencies to be written into $PEX_ROOT prior to invocation. This is an option for applications with static assets that refer to paths relative to __file__ instead of using pkgutil/pkg_resources. Default: false.

  `PEX_HTTP_RETRIES`

    Integer

    The number of HTTP retries when performing dependency resolution when building a PEX file. Default: 5.

  `PEX_IGNORE_ERRORS`

    Boolean

    Ignore any errors resolving dependencies when invoking the PEX file. This can be useful if you know that a particular failing dependency is not necessary to run the application. Default: false.

  `PEX_IGNORE_RCFILES`

    Boolean

    Explicitly disable the reading/parsing of pexrc files (~/.pexrc). Default: false.

  `PEX_INHERIT_PATH`

    Boolean

    Allow inheriting packages from site-packages. By default, PEX scrubs any packages and namespace packages from sys.path prior to invoking the application. This is generally not advised, but can be used in situations when certain dependencies do not conform to standard packaging practices and thus cannot be bundled into PEX files. Default: false.

  `PEX_INTERPRETER`

    Boolean

    Drop into a REPL instead of invoking the predefined entry point of this PEX. This can be useful for inspecting the PEX environment interactively. It can also be used to treat the PEX file as an interpreter in order to execute other scripts in the context of the PEX file, e.g. “PEX_INTERPRETER=1 ./app.pex my_script.py”. Equivalent to setting PEX_MODULE to empty. Default: false.

  `PEX_MODULE`

    String

    Override the entry point into the PEX file. Can either be a module, e.g. ‘SimpleHTTPServer’, or a specific entry point in module:symbol form, e.g. “myapp.bin:main”.

  `PEX_PATH`

    A set of one or more PEX files

    Merge the packages from other PEX files into the current environment. This allows you to do things such as create a PEX file containing the “coverage” module or create PEX files containing plugin entry points to be consumed by a main application. Paths should be specified in the same manner as $PATH, e.g. PEX_PATH=/path/to/pex1.pex:/path/to/pex2.pex and so forth.

  `PEX_PROFILE`

    Boolean

    Enable application profiling. If specified and PEX_PROFILE_FILENAME is not specified, PEX will print profiling information to stdout.

  `PEX_PROFILE_FILENAME`

    Filename

    Profile the application and dump a profile into the specified filename in the standard “profile” module format.

  `PEX_PROFILE_SORT`

    String

    Toggle the profile sorting algorithm used to print out profile columns. Default: ‘cumulative’.

  `PEX_PYTHON`

    String

    Override the Python interpreter used to invoke this PEX. Can be either an absolute path to an interpreter or a base name e.g. “python3.3”. If a base name is provided, the $PATH will be searched for an appropriate match.

  `PEX_ROOT`

    Directory

    The directory location for PEX to cache any dependencies and code. PEX must write not-zip-safe eggs and all wheels to disk in order to activate them. Default: ~/.pex

  `PEX_SCRIPT`

    String

    The script name within the PEX environment to execute. This must either be an entry point as defined in a distribution’s console_scripts, or a script as defined in a distribution’s scripts section. While Python supports any script including shell scripts, PEX only supports invocation of Python scripts in this fashion.

  `PEX_TEARDOWN_VERBOSE`

    Boolean

    Enable verbosity for when the interpreter shuts down. This is mostly only useful for debugging PEX itself. Default: false.

  `PEX_VERBOSE`

    Integer

    Set the verbosity level of PEX debug logging. The higher the number, the more logging, with 0 being disabled. This environment variable can be extremely useful in debugging PEX environment issues. Default: 0

  `patch`(*args, **kwds)

    Update the environment for the duration of a context.

  `strip_defaults`()

    Returns a copy of these variables but with defaults stripped.

    Any variables not explicitly set in the environment will have a value of None.