# Finding things

NIX provides features to store data in a way that makes it understandable and discoverable by others. For example, Name and Type fields of the entities should help the human reader to find their ways through the file and make sense of the stored content and the relations between entities.

Still, reading a NIX file that has been created by another person or has been automatically written by a recording tool such as [relacs](https://github.com/relacs/relacs) might be confusing at first. The following recommendation should help you when exploring an unknown file.

## Recommendations when opening an unknown NIX file

1. Find out how many Blocks are stored and try to understand what they stand for. In most cases there will be only one Block and in the relacs use-case it will represent the recordings made on a single neuron.

2. Within the Block look for Group entities. As indicated by the name, these group other entities and thus indicate some kind of common relation between the members of each group.

3. Within Groups or, if there are no Groups, within the Block look out for Tags and MultiTags. These link between data carrying DataArrays and provide semantic background.

4. For example, a MultiTag that has a type “stimulus_segment” quite clearly indicates that it highlights periods during which a stimulus was presented.

5. For Tags and MultiTags take a look at the references which list all DataArrays that are tagged. One may further investigate the features which should provide more information on the tagged regions.

6. Almost all entities can link to additional metadata that should contain information about the stored data.

## Standardization helps

Having a well-defined data model and the respective API store and annotate scientific data with related metadata is a huge step toward standardization and reusability. As mentioned [before](./standardization.md), if the file is created according to known definitions, finding stuff in an unknown file is considerably simplified.

For example, in case one looks for the voltage recording made on the first channel and it is further known that the file is created e.g. by relacs then one needs to look for “relacs.data.sampled.V-1” typed DataArrays:

    nixfile = nixio.File.open("relacs_example.nix", nixio.FileMode.ReadOnly);
    block = f.blocks()[0];
    arrays = [da for da in block.data_arrays if "relacs.data.sampled.v-1" in da.type.lower()]

With this kind of list comprehensions a large variety of searches can be easily performed. The above said assumes a “data-centered” view. The other way would be to assume a “metadata-centered” view, to scan the metadata tree and perform an inverse search from the metadata to the data entities that refer to the respective section. Accordingly, `Section` and `Sources` define methods to get the referring DataArrays, Tags, etc..

    s = nixfile.sections()[0]
    blocks = s.referring_blocks()
    for b in blocks:
        print(b)