# FFMPEG Many video formats and cameras (via ffmpeg)

Extensions: `.mov`, `.avi`, `.mpg`, `.mpeg`, `.mp4`, `.mkv`, `.wmv`

The ffmpeg format provides reading and writing for a wide range of movie formats such as .avi, .mpeg, .mp4, etc. And also to read streams from webcams and USB cameras.

To read from camera streams, supply “<video0>” as the filename, where the “0” can be replaced with any index of cameras known to the system.

Note that for reading regular video files, the avbin plugin is more efficient.

The ffmpeg plugin requires an `ffmpeg` binary. Imageio searches this binary in the following locations (order of priority):

- The path stored in the `IMAGEIO_FFMPEG_EXE` environment variable, which can be set using e.g. `os.environ['IMAGEIO_FFMPEG_EXE'] = '/path/to/my/ffmpeg'`

- The binary downloaded from the “imageio-binaries” repository (see below) which is stored either in the “imageio/resources” directory or in the user directory.

- A binary installed as an anaconda package (see below).

- The system `ffmpeg` command.

If the binary is not available on the system, it can be downloaded manually from <https://github.com/imageio/imageio-binaries> by either

- the command line script `imageio_download_bin ffmpeg`,

- the Python method `imageio.plugins.ffmpeg.download()`, or

- anaconda: `conda install ffmpeg -c conda-forge`.

## Parameters for reading

fpsscalar

  The number of frames per second to read the data at. Default None (i.e. read at the file’s own fps). One can use this for files with a variable fps, or in cases where imageio is unable to correctly detect the fps.

loopbool

  If True, the video will rewind as soon as a frame is requested beyond the last frame. Otherwise, IndexError is raised. Default False.

sizestr | tuple

  The frame size (i.e. resolution) to read the images, e.g. (100, 100) or “640x480”. For camera streams, this allows setting the capture resolution. For normal video data, ffmpeg will rescale the data.

dtypestr | type

  The dtype for the output arrays. Determines the bit-depth that is requested from ffmpeg. Supported dtypes: uint8, uint16. Default: uint8.

pixelformatstr

  The pixel format for the camera to use (e.g. “yuyv422” or “gray”). The camera needs to support the format in order for this to take effect. Note that the images produced by this reader are always RGB.

input_paramslist

  List additional arguments to ffmpeg for input file options. (Can also be provided as `ffmpeg_params` for backwards compatibility) Example ffmpeg arguments to use aggressive error handling: [‘-err_detect’, ‘aggressive’]

output_paramslist

  List additional arguments to ffmpeg for output file options (i.e. the stream being read by imageio).

print_infobool

  Print information about the video file as reported by ffmpeg.

## Parameters for saving

fpsscalar

  The number of frames per second. Default 10.

codecstr

  the video codec to use. Default ‘libx264’, which represents the widely available mpeg4. Except when saving .wmv files, then the defaults is ‘msmpeg4’ which is more commonly supported for windows

qualityfloat | None

  Video output quality. Default is 5. Uses variable bit rate. Highest quality is 10, lowest is 0. Set to None to prevent variable bitrate flags to FFMPEG so you can manually specify them using output_params instead. Specifying a fixed bitrate using ‘bitrate’ disables this parameter.

bitrateint | None

  Set a constant bitrate for the video encoding. Default is None causing ‘quality’ parameter to be used instead. Better quality videos with smaller file sizes will result from using the ‘quality’ variable bitrate parameter rather than specifiying a fixed bitrate with this parameter.

pixelformat: str

  The output video pixel format. Default is ‘yuv420p’ which most widely supported by video players.

input_paramslist

  List additional arguments to ffmpeg for input file options (i.e. the stream that imageio provides).

output_paramslist

  List additional arguments to ffmpeg for output file options. (Can also be provided as `ffmpeg_params` for backwards compatibility) Example ffmpeg arguments to use only intra frames and set aspect ratio: [‘-intra’, ‘-aspect’, ‘16:9’]

ffmpeg_log_level: str

  Sets ffmpeg output log level. Default is “warning”. Values can be “quiet”, “panic”, “fatal”, “error”, “warning”, “info” “verbose”, or “debug”. Also prints the FFMPEG command being used by imageio if “info”, “verbose”, or “debug”.

macro_block_size: int

  Size constraint for video. Width and height, must be divisible by this number. If not divisible by this number imageio will tell ffmpeg to scale the image up to the next closest size divisible by this number. Most codecs are compatible with a macroblock size of 16 (default), some can go smaller (4, 8). To disable this automatic feature set it to None, however be warned many players can’t decode videos that are odd in size and some codecs will produce poor results or fail. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroblock.