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# Source code for _pytest.python

    # mypy: allow-untyped-defs
    """Python test discovery, setup and run of test functions."""

    from __future__ import annotations

    import abc
    from collections import Counter
    from collections import defaultdict
    from collections.abc import Callable
    from collections.abc import Generator
    from collections.abc import Iterable
    from collections.abc import Iterator
    from collections.abc import Mapping
    from collections.abc import Sequence
    import dataclasses
    import enum
    import fnmatch
    from functools import partial
    import inspect
    import itertools
    import os
    from pathlib import Path
    import re
    import textwrap
    import types
    from typing import Any
    from typing import cast
    from typing import final
    from typing import Literal
    from typing import NoReturn
    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
    import warnings

    import _pytest
    from _pytest import fixtures
    from _pytest import nodes
    from _pytest._code import filter_traceback
    from _pytest._code import getfslineno
    from _pytest._code.code import ExceptionInfo
    from _pytest._code.code import TerminalRepr
    from _pytest._code.code import Traceback
    from _pytest._io.saferepr import saferepr
    from _pytest.compat import ascii_escaped
    from _pytest.compat import get_default_arg_names
    from _pytest.compat import get_real_func
    from _pytest.compat import getimfunc
    from _pytest.compat import is_async_function
    from _pytest.compat import NOTSET
    from _pytest.compat import safe_getattr
    from _pytest.compat import safe_isclass
    from _pytest.config import Config
    from _pytest.config import hookimpl
    from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
    from _pytest.deprecated import check_ispytest
    from _pytest.fixtures import _resolve_args_directness
    from _pytest.fixtures import FixtureDef
    from _pytest.fixtures import FixtureRequest
    from _pytest.fixtures import FixtureValue
    from _pytest.fixtures import FuncFixtureInfo
    from _pytest.fixtures import get_scope_node
    from _pytest.main import Session
    from _pytest.mark import ParameterSet
    from _pytest.mark.structures import _HiddenParam
    from _pytest.mark.structures import get_unpacked_marks
    from _pytest.mark.structures import HIDDEN_PARAM
    from _pytest.mark.structures import Mark
    from _pytest.mark.structures import MarkDecorator
    from _pytest.mark.structures import normalize_mark_list
    from _pytest.outcomes import fail
    from _pytest.outcomes import skip
    from _pytest.pathlib import fnmatch_ex
    from _pytest.pathlib import import_path
    from _pytest.pathlib import ImportPathMismatchError
    from _pytest.pathlib import scandir
    from _pytest.scope import Scope
    from _pytest.scope import ScopeName
    from _pytest.stash import StashKey
    from _pytest.warning_types import PytestCollectionWarning
    from _pytest.warning_types import PytestReturnNotNoneWarning

    if TYPE_CHECKING:
        from typing_extensions import Self

    def pytest_addoption(parser: Parser) -> None:
        parser.addini(
            "python_files",
            type="args",
            # NOTE: default is also used in AssertionRewritingHook.
            default=["test_*.py", "*_test.py"],
            help="Glob-style file patterns for Python test module discovery",
        )
        parser.addini(
            "python_classes",
            type="args",
            default=["Test"],
            help="Prefixes or glob names for Python test class discovery",
        )
        parser.addini(
            "python_functions",
            type="args",
            default=["test"],
            help="Prefixes or glob names for Python test function and method discovery",
        )
        parser.addini(
            "disable_test_id_escaping_and_forfeit_all_rights_to_community_support",
            type="bool",
            default=False,
            help="Disable string escape non-ASCII characters, might cause unwanted "
            "side effects(use at your own risk)",
        )
        parser.addini(
            "strict_parametrization_ids",
            type="bool",
            # None => fallback to `strict`.
            default=None,
            help="Emit an error if non-unique parameter set IDs are detected",
        )

    def pytest_generate_tests(metafunc: Metafunc) -> None:
        for marker in metafunc.definition.iter_markers(name="parametrize"):
            metafunc.parametrize(*marker.args, **marker.kwargs, _param_mark=marker)

    def pytest_configure(config: Config) -> None:
        config.addinivalue_line(
            "markers",
            "parametrize(argnames, argvalues): call a test function multiple "
            "times passing in different arguments in turn. argvalues generally "
            "needs to be a list of values if argnames specifies only one name "
            "or a list of tuples of values if argnames specifies multiple names. "
            "Example: @parametrize('arg1', [1,2]) would lead to two calls of the "
            "decorated test function, one with arg1=1 and another with arg1=2."
            "see https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/parametrize.html for more info "
            "and examples.",
        )
        config.addinivalue_line(
            "markers",
            "usefixtures(fixturename1, fixturename2, ...): mark tests as needing "
            "all of the specified fixtures. see "
            "https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/explanation/fixtures.html#usefixtures ",
        )

    def async_fail(nodeid: str) -> None:
        msg = (
            "async def functions are not natively supported.\n"
            "You need to install a suitable plugin for your async framework, for example:\n"
            "  - anyio\n"
            "  - pytest-asyncio\n"
            "  - pytest-tornasync\n"
            "  - pytest-trio\n"
            "  - pytest-twisted"
        )
        fail(msg, pytrace=False)

    @hookimpl(trylast=True)
    def pytest_pyfunc_call(pyfuncitem: Function) -> object | None:
        testfunction = pyfuncitem.obj
        if is_async_function(testfunction):
            async_fail(pyfuncitem.nodeid)
        funcargs = pyfuncitem.funcargs
        testargs = {arg: funcargs[arg] for arg in pyfuncitem._fixtureinfo.argnames}
        result = testfunction(**testargs)
        if hasattr(result, "__await__") or hasattr(result, "__aiter__"):
            async_fail(pyfuncitem.nodeid)
        elif result is not None:
            warnings.warn(
                PytestReturnNotNoneWarning(
                    f"Test functions should return None, but {pyfuncitem.nodeid} returned {type(result)!r}.\n"
                    "Did you mean to use `assert` instead of `return`?\n"
                    "See https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/assert.html#return-not-none for more information."
                )
            )
        return True

    def pytest_collect_directory(
        path: Path, parent: nodes.Collector
    ) -> nodes.Collector | None:
        pkginit = path / "__init__.py"
        try:
            has_pkginit = pkginit.is_file()
        except PermissionError:
            # See https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/12120#issuecomment-2106349096.
            return None
        if has_pkginit:
            return Package.from_parent(parent, path=path)
        return None

    def pytest_collect_file(file_path: Path, parent: nodes.Collector) -> Module | None:
        if file_path.suffix == ".py":
            if not parent.session.isinitpath(file_path):
                if not path_matches_patterns(
                    file_path, parent.config.getini("python_files")
                ):
                    return None
            ihook = parent.session.gethookproxy(file_path)
            module: Module = ihook.pytest_pycollect_makemodule(
                module_path=file_path, parent=parent
            )
            return module
        return None

    def path_matches_patterns(path: Path, patterns: Iterable[str]) -> bool:
        """Return whether path matches any of the patterns in the list of globs given."""
        return any(fnmatch_ex(pattern, path) for pattern in patterns)

    def pytest_pycollect_makemodule(module_path: Path, parent) -> Module:
        return Module.from_parent(parent, path=module_path)

    @hookimpl(trylast=True)
    def pytest_pycollect_makeitem(
        collector: Module | Class, name: str, obj: object
    ) -> None | nodes.Item | nodes.Collector | list[nodes.Item | nodes.Collector]:
        assert isinstance(collector, Class | Module), type(collector)
        # Nothing was collected elsewhere, let's do it here.
        if safe_isclass(obj):
            if collector.istestclass(obj, name):
                return Class.from_parent(collector, name=name, obj=obj)
        elif collector.istestfunction(obj, name):
            # mock seems to store unbound methods (issue473), normalize it.
            obj = getattr(obj, "__func__", obj)
            # We need to try and unwrap the function if it's a functools.partial
            # or a functools.wrapped.
            # We mustn't if it's been wrapped with mock.patch (python 2 only).
            if not (inspect.isfunction(obj) or inspect.isfunction(get_real_func(obj))):
                filename, lineno = getfslineno(obj)
                warnings.warn_explicit(
                    message=PytestCollectionWarning(
                        f"cannot collect {name!r} because it is not a function."
                    ),
                    category=None,
                    filename=str(filename),
                    lineno=lineno + 1,
                )
            elif getattr(obj, "__test__", True):
                if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(obj):
                    fail(
                        f"'yield' keyword is allowed in fixtures, but not in tests ({name})",
                        pytrace=False,
                    )
                return list(collector._genfunctions(name, obj))
            return None
        return None

    class PyobjMixin(nodes.Node):
        """this mix-in inherits from Node to carry over the typing information

        as its intended to always mix in before a node
        its position in the mro is unaffected"""

        _ALLOW_MARKERS = True

        @property
        def module(self):
            """Python module object this node was collected from (can be None)."""
            node = self.getparent(Module)
            return node.obj if node is not None else None

        @property
        def cls(self):
            """Python class object this node was collected from (can be None)."""
            node = self.getparent(Class)
            return node.obj if node is not None else None

        @property
        def instance(self):
            """Python instance object the function is bound to.

            Returns None if not a test method, e.g. for a standalone test function,
            a class or a module.
            """
            # Overridden by Function.
            return None

        @property
        def obj(self):
            """Underlying Python object."""
            obj = getattr(self, "_obj", None)
            if obj is None:
                self._obj = obj = self._getobj()
                # XXX evil hack
                # used to avoid Function marker duplication
                if self._ALLOW_MARKERS:
                    self.own_markers.extend(get_unpacked_marks(self.obj))
                    # This assumes that `obj` is called before there is a chance
                    # to add custom keys to `self.keywords`, so no fear of overriding.
                    self.keywords.update((mark.name, mark) for mark in self.own_markers)
            return obj

        @obj.setter
        def obj(self, value):
            self._obj = value

        def _getobj(self):
            """Get the underlying Python object. May be overwritten by subclasses."""
            # TODO: Improve the type of `parent` such that assert/ignore aren't needed.
            assert self.parent is not None
            obj = self.parent.obj  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
            return getattr(obj, self.name)

        def getmodpath(self, stopatmodule: bool = True, includemodule: bool = False) -> str:
            """Return Python path relative to the containing module."""
            parts = []
            for node in self.iter_parents():
                name = node.name
                if isinstance(node, Module):
                    name = os.path.splitext(name)[0]
                    if stopatmodule:
                        if includemodule:
                            parts.append(name)
                        break
                parts.append(name)
            parts.reverse()
            return ".".join(parts)

        def reportinfo(self) -> tuple[os.PathLike[str] | str, int | None, str]:
            # XXX caching?
            path, lineno = getfslineno(self.obj)
            modpath = self.getmodpath()
            return path, lineno, modpath

    # As an optimization, these builtin attribute names are pre-ignored when
    # iterating over an object during collection -- the pytest_pycollect_makeitem
    # hook is not called for them.
    # fmt: off
    class _EmptyClass: pass  # noqa: E701
    IGNORED_ATTRIBUTES = frozenset.union(
        frozenset(),
        # Module.
        dir(types.ModuleType("empty_module")),
        # Some extra module attributes the above doesn't catch.
        {"__builtins__", "__file__", "__cached__"},
        # Class.
        dir(_EmptyClass),
        # Instance.
        dir(_EmptyClass()),
    )
    del _EmptyClass
    # fmt: on

    class PyCollector(PyobjMixin, nodes.Collector, abc.ABC):
        def funcnamefilter(self, name: str) -> bool:
            return self._matches_prefix_or_glob_option("python_functions", name)

        def isnosetest(self, obj: object) -> bool:
            """Look for the __test__ attribute, which is applied by the
            @nose.tools.istest decorator.
            """
            # We explicitly check for "is True" here to not mistakenly treat
            # classes with a custom __getattr__ returning something truthy (like a
            # function) as test classes.
            return safe_getattr(obj, "__test__", False) is True

        def classnamefilter(self, name: str) -> bool:
            return self._matches_prefix_or_glob_option("python_classes", name)

        def istestfunction(self, obj: object, name: str) -> bool:
            if self.funcnamefilter(name) or self.isnosetest(obj):
                if isinstance(obj, staticmethod | classmethod):
                    # staticmethods and classmethods need to be unwrapped.
                    obj = safe_getattr(obj, "__func__", False)
                return callable(obj) and fixtures.getfixturemarker(obj) is None
            else:
                return False

        def istestclass(self, obj: object, name: str) -> bool:
            if not (self.classnamefilter(name) or self.isnosetest(obj)):
                return False
            if inspect.isabstract(obj):
                return False
            return True

        def _matches_prefix_or_glob_option(self, option_name: str, name: str) -> bool:
            """Check if the given name matches the prefix or glob-pattern defined
            in configuration."""
            for option in self.config.getini(option_name):
                if name.startswith(option):
                    return True
                # Check that name looks like a glob-string before calling fnmatch
                # because this is called for every name in each collected module,
                # and fnmatch is somewhat expensive to call.
                elif ("*" in option or "?" in option or "[" in option) and fnmatch.fnmatch(
                    name, option
                ):
                    return True
            return False

        def collect(self) -> Iterable[nodes.Item | nodes.Collector]:
            if not getattr(self.obj, "__test__", True):
                return []

            # Avoid random getattrs and peek in the __dict__ instead.
            dicts = [getattr(self.obj, "__dict__", {})]
            if isinstance(self.obj, type):
                for basecls in self.obj.__mro__:
                    dicts.append(basecls.__dict__)

            # In each class, nodes should be definition ordered.
            # __dict__ is definition ordered.
            seen: set[str] = set()
            dict_values: list[list[nodes.Item | nodes.Collector]] = []
            collect_imported_tests = self.session.config.getini("collect_imported_tests")
            ihook = self.ihook
            for dic in dicts:
                values: list[nodes.Item | nodes.Collector] = []
                # Note: seems like the dict can change during iteration -
                # be careful not to remove the list() without consideration.
                for name, obj in list(dic.items()):
                    if name in IGNORED_ATTRIBUTES:
                        continue
                    if name in seen:
                        continue
                    seen.add(name)

                    if not collect_imported_tests and isinstance(self, Module):
                        # Do not collect functions and classes from other modules.
                        if inspect.isfunction(obj) or inspect.isclass(obj):
                            if obj.__module__ != self._getobj().__name__:
                                continue

                    res = ihook.pytest_pycollect_makeitem(
                        collector=self, name=name, obj=obj
                    )
                    if res is None:
                        continue
                    elif isinstance(res, list):
                        values.extend(res)
                    else:
                        values.append(res)
                dict_values.append(values)

            # Between classes in the class hierarchy, reverse-MRO order -- nodes
            # inherited from base classes should come before subclasses.
            result = []
            for values in reversed(dict_values):
                result.extend(values)
            return result

        def _genfunctions(self, name: str, funcobj) -> Iterator[Function]:
            modulecol = self.getparent(Module)
            assert modulecol is not None
            module = modulecol.obj
            clscol = self.getparent(Class)
            cls = (clscol and clscol.obj) or None

            definition = FunctionDefinition.from_parent(self, name=name, callobj=funcobj)
            fixtureinfo = definition._fixtureinfo

            # pytest_generate_tests impls call metafunc.parametrize() which fills
            # metafunc._calls, the outcome of the hook.
            metafunc = Metafunc(
                definition=definition,
                fixtureinfo=fixtureinfo,
                config=self.config,
                cls=cls,
                module=module,
                _ispytest=True,
            )
            methods = []
            if hasattr(module, "pytest_generate_tests"):
                methods.append(module.pytest_generate_tests)
            if cls is not None and hasattr(cls, "pytest_generate_tests"):
                methods.append(cls().pytest_generate_tests)
            self.ihook.pytest_generate_tests.call_extra(methods, dict(metafunc=metafunc))

            if not metafunc._calls:
                yield Function.from_parent(self, name=name, fixtureinfo=fixtureinfo)
            else:
                metafunc._recompute_direct_params_indices()
                # Direct parametrizations taking place in module/class-specific
                # `metafunc.parametrize` calls may have shadowed some fixtures, so make sure
                # we update what the function really needs a.k.a its fixture closure. Note that
                # direct parametrizations using `@pytest.mark.parametrize` have already been considered
                # into making the closure using `ignore_args` arg to `getfixtureclosure`.
                fixtureinfo.prune_dependency_tree()

                for callspec in metafunc._calls:
                    subname = f"{name}[{callspec.id}]" if callspec._idlist else name
                    yield Function.from_parent(
                        self,
                        name=subname,
                        callspec=callspec,
                        fixtureinfo=fixtureinfo,
                        keywords={callspec.id: True},
                        originalname=name,
                    )

    def importtestmodule(
        path: Path,
        config: Config,
    ):
        # We assume we are only called once per module.
        importmode = config.getoption("--import-mode")
        try:
            mod = import_path(
                path,
                mode=importmode,
                root=config.rootpath,
                consider_namespace_packages=config.getini("consider_namespace_packages"),
            )
        except SyntaxError as e:
            raise nodes.Collector.CollectError(
                ExceptionInfo.from_current().getrepr(style="short")
            ) from e
        except ImportPathMismatchError as e:
            raise nodes.Collector.CollectError(
                "import file mismatch:\n"
                "imported module {!r} has this __file__ attribute:\n"
                "  {}\n"
                "which is not the same as the test file we want to collect:\n"
                "  {}\n"
                "HINT: remove __pycache__ / .pyc files and/or use a "
                "unique basename for your test file modules".format(*e.args)
            ) from e
        except ImportError as e:
            exc_info = ExceptionInfo.from_current()
            if config.get_verbosity() < 2:
                exc_info.traceback = exc_info.traceback.filter(filter_traceback)
            exc_repr = (
                exc_info.getrepr(style="short")
                if exc_info.traceback
                else exc_info.exconly()
            )
            formatted_tb = str(exc_repr)
            raise nodes.Collector.CollectError(
                f"ImportError while importing test module '{path}'.\n"
                "Hint: make sure your test modules/packages have valid Python names.\n"
                "Traceback:\n"
                f"{formatted_tb}"
            ) from e
        except skip.Exception as e:
            if e.allow_module_level:
                raise
            raise nodes.Collector.CollectError(
                "Using pytest.skip outside of a test will skip the entire module. "
                "If that's your intention, pass `allow_module_level=True`. "
                "If you want to skip a specific test or an entire class, "
                "use the @pytest.mark.skip or @pytest.mark.skipif decorators."
            ) from e
        config.pluginmanager.consider_module(mod)
        return mod

    class Module(nodes.File, PyCollector):
        """Collector for test classes and functions in a Python module."""

        def _getobj(self):
            return importtestmodule(self.path, self.config)

        def collect(self) -> Iterable[nodes.Item | nodes.Collector]:
            self._register_setup_module_fixture()
            self._register_setup_function_fixture()
            self.session._fixturemanager.parsefactories(self)
            return super().collect()

        def _register_setup_module_fixture(self) -> None:
            """Register an autouse, module-scoped fixture for the collected module object
            that invokes setUpModule/tearDownModule if either or both are available.

            Using a fixture to invoke this methods ensures we play nicely and unsurprisingly with
            other fixtures (#517).
            """
            setup_module = _get_first_non_fixture_func(
                self.obj, ("setUpModule", "setup_module")
            )
            teardown_module = _get_first_non_fixture_func(
                self.obj, ("tearDownModule", "teardown_module")
            )

            if setup_module is None and teardown_module is None:
                return

            def xunit_setup_module_fixture(request) -> Generator[None]:
                module = request.module
                if setup_module is not None:
                    _call_with_optional_argument(setup_module, module)
                yield
                if teardown_module is not None:
                    _call_with_optional_argument(teardown_module, module)

            fixtures.register_fixture(
                # Use a unique name to speed up lookup.
                name=f"_xunit_setup_module_fixture_{self.obj.__name__}",
                func=xunit_setup_module_fixture,
                node=self,
                scope="module",
                autouse=True,
            )

        def _register_setup_function_fixture(self) -> None:
            """Register an autouse, function-scoped fixture for the collected module object
            that invokes setup_function/teardown_function if either or both are available.

            Using a fixture to invoke this methods ensures we play nicely and unsurprisingly with
            other fixtures (#517).
            """
            setup_function = _get_first_non_fixture_func(self.obj, ("setup_function",))
            teardown_function = _get_first_non_fixture_func(
                self.obj, ("teardown_function",)
            )
            if setup_function is None and teardown_function is None:
                return

            def xunit_setup_function_fixture(request) -> Generator[None]:
                if request.instance is not None:
                    # in this case we are bound to an instance, so we need to let
                    # setup_method handle this
                    yield
                    return
                function = request.function
                if setup_function is not None:
                    _call_with_optional_argument(setup_function, function)
                yield
                if teardown_function is not None:
                    _call_with_optional_argument(teardown_function, function)

            fixtures.register_fixture(
                # Use a unique name to speed up lookup.
                name=f"_xunit_setup_function_fixture_{self.obj.__name__}",
                func=xunit_setup_function_fixture,
                node=self,
                scope="function",
                autouse=True,
            )

    class Package(nodes.Directory):
        """Collector for files and directories in a Python packages -- directories
        with an `__init__.py` file.

        .. note::

            Directories without an `__init__.py` file are instead collected by
            :class:`~pytest.Dir` by default. Both are :class:`~pytest.Directory`
            collectors.

        .. versionchanged:: 8.0

            Now inherits from :class:`~pytest.Directory`.
        """

        def __init__(
            self,
            fspath: None,
            parent: nodes.Collector,
            # NOTE: following args are unused:
            config=None,
            session=None,
            nodeid=None,
            path: Path | None = None,
        ) -> None:
            # NOTE: Could be just the following, but kept as-is for compat.
            # super().__init__(self, fspath, parent=parent)
            session = parent.session
            super().__init__(
                fspath=fspath,
                path=path,
                parent=parent,
                config=config,
                session=session,
                nodeid=nodeid,
            )

        def setup(self) -> None:
            init_mod = importtestmodule(self.path / "__init__.py", self.config)

            # Not using fixtures to call setup_module here because autouse fixtures
            # from packages are not called automatically (#4085).
            setup_module = _get_first_non_fixture_func(
                init_mod, ("setUpModule", "setup_module")
            )
            if setup_module is not None:
                _call_with_optional_argument(setup_module, init_mod)

            teardown_module = _get_first_non_fixture_func(
                init_mod, ("tearDownModule", "teardown_module")
            )
            if teardown_module is not None:
                func = partial(_call_with_optional_argument, teardown_module, init_mod)
                self.addfinalizer(func)

        def collect(self) -> Iterable[nodes.Item | nodes.Collector]:
            # Always collect __init__.py first.
            def sort_key(entry: os.DirEntry[str]) -> object:
                return (entry.name != "__init__.py", entry.name)

            config = self.config
            col: nodes.Collector | None
            cols: Sequence[nodes.Collector]
            ihook = self.ihook
            for direntry in scandir(self.path, sort_key):
                if direntry.is_dir():
                    path = Path(direntry.path)
                    if not self.session.isinitpath(path, with_parents=True):
                        if ihook.pytest_ignore_collect(collection_path=path, config=config):
                            continue
                    col = ihook.pytest_collect_directory(path=path, parent=self)
                    if col is not None:
                        yield col

                elif direntry.is_file():
                    path = Path(direntry.path)
                    if not self.session.isinitpath(path):
                        if ihook.pytest_ignore_collect(collection_path=path, config=config):
                            continue
                    cols = ihook.pytest_collect_file(file_path=path, parent=self)
                    yield from cols

    def _call_with_optional_argument(func, arg) -> None:
        """Call the given function with the given argument if func accepts one argument, otherwise
        calls func without arguments."""
        arg_count = func.__code__.co_argcount
        if inspect.ismethod(func):
            arg_count -= 1
        if arg_count:
            func(arg)
        else:
            func()

    def _get_first_non_fixture_func(obj: object, names: Iterable[str]) -> object | None:
        """Return the attribute from the given object to be used as a setup/teardown
        xunit-style function, but only if not marked as a fixture to avoid calling it twice.
        """
        for name in names:
            meth: object | None = getattr(obj, name, None)
            if meth is not None and fixtures.getfixturemarker(meth) is None:
                return meth
        return None

    class Class(PyCollector):
        """Collector for test methods (and nested classes) in a Python class."""

        @classmethod
        def from_parent(cls, parent, *, name, obj=None, **kw) -> Self:  # type: ignore[override]
            """The public constructor."""
            return super().from_parent(name=name, parent=parent, **kw)

        def newinstance(self):
            return self.obj()

        def collect(self) -> Iterable[nodes.Item | nodes.Collector]:
            if not safe_getattr(self.obj, "__test__", True):
                return []
            if hasinit(self.obj):
                assert self.parent is not None
                self.warn(
                    PytestCollectionWarning(
                        f"cannot collect test class {self.obj.__name__!r} because it has a "
                        f"__init__ constructor (from: {self.parent.nodeid})"
                    )
                )
                return []
            elif hasnew(self.obj):
                assert self.parent is not None
                self.warn(
                    PytestCollectionWarning(
                        f"cannot collect test class {self.obj.__name__!r} because it has a "
                        f"__new__ constructor (from: {self.parent.nodeid})"
                    )
                )
                return []

            self._register_setup_class_fixture()
            self._register_setup_method_fixture()

            self.session._fixturemanager.parsefactories(
                holder=self.newinstance(), node=self
            )

            return super().collect()

        def _register_setup_class_fixture(self) -> None:
            """Register an autouse, class scoped fixture into the collected class object
            that invokes setup_class/teardown_class if either or both are available.

            Using a fixture to invoke this methods ensures we play nicely and unsurprisingly with
            other fixtures (#517).
            """
            setup_class = _get_first_non_fixture_func(self.obj, ("setup_class",))
            teardown_class = _get_first_non_fixture_func(self.obj, ("teardown_class",))
            if setup_class is None and teardown_class is None:
                return

            def xunit_setup_class_fixture(request) -> Generator[None]:
                cls = request.cls
                if setup_class is not None:
                    func = getimfunc(setup_class)
                    _call_with_optional_argument(func, cls)
                yield
                if teardown_class is not None:
                    func = getimfunc(teardown_class)
                    _call_with_optional_argument(func, cls)

            fixtures.register_fixture(
                # Use a unique name to speed up lookup.
                name=f"_xunit_setup_class_fixture_{self.obj.__qualname__}",
                func=xunit_setup_class_fixture,
                node=self,
                scope="class",
                autouse=True,
            )

        def _register_setup_method_fixture(self) -> None:
            """Register an autouse, function scoped fixture into the collected class object
            that invokes setup_method/teardown_method if either or both are available.

            Using a fixture to invoke these methods ensures we play nicely and unsurprisingly with
            other fixtures (#517).
            """
            setup_name = "setup_method"
            setup_method = _get_first_non_fixture_func(self.obj, (setup_name,))
            teardown_name = "teardown_method"
            teardown_method = _get_first_non_fixture_func(self.obj, (teardown_name,))
            if setup_method is None and teardown_method is None:
                return

            def xunit_setup_method_fixture(request) -> Generator[None]:
                instance = request.instance
                method = request.function
                if setup_method is not None:
                    func = getattr(instance, setup_name)
                    _call_with_optional_argument(func, method)
                yield
                if teardown_method is not None:
                    func = getattr(instance, teardown_name)
                    _call_with_optional_argument(func, method)

            fixtures.register_fixture(
                # Use a unique name to speed up lookup.
                name=f"_xunit_setup_method_fixture_{self.obj.__qualname__}",
                func=xunit_setup_method_fixture,
                node=self,
                scope="function",
                autouse=True,
            )

    def hasinit(obj: object) -> bool:
        init: object = getattr(obj, "__init__", None)
        if init:
            return init != object.__init__
        return False

    def hasnew(obj: object) -> bool:
        new: object = getattr(obj, "__new__", None)
        if new:
            return new != object.__new__
        return False

    @final
    @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
    class IdMaker:
        """Make IDs for a parametrization."""

        __slots__ = (
            "argnames",
            "config",
            "idfn",
            "ids",
            "nodeid",
            "parametersets",
        )

        # The argnames of the parametrization.
        argnames: Sequence[str]
        # The ParameterSets of the parametrization.
        parametersets: Sequence[ParameterSet]
        # Optionally, a user-provided callable to make IDs for parameters in a
        # ParameterSet.
        idfn: Callable[[Any], object | None] | None
        # Optionally, explicit IDs for ParameterSets by index.
        ids: Sequence[object | None] | None
        # Optionally, the pytest config.
        # Used for controlling ASCII escaping, determining parametrization ID
        # strictness, and for calling the :hook:`pytest_make_parametrize_id` hook.
        config: Config | None
        # Optionally, the ID of the node being parametrized.
        # Used only for clearer error messages.
        nodeid: str | None

        def make_unique_parameterset_ids(self) -> list[str | _HiddenParam]:
            """Make a unique identifier for each ParameterSet, that may be used to
            identify the parametrization in a node ID.

            If strict_parametrization_ids is enabled, and duplicates are detected,
            raises CollectError. Otherwise makes the IDs unique as follows:

            Format is <prm_1_token>-...-<prm_n_token>[counter], where prm_x_token is
            - user-provided id, if given
            - else an id derived from the value, applicable for certain types
            - else <argname><parameterset index>
            The counter suffix is appended only in case a string wouldn't be unique
            otherwise.
            """
            resolved_ids = list(self._resolve_ids())
            # All IDs must be unique!
            if len(resolved_ids) != len(set(resolved_ids)):
                # Record the number of occurrences of each ID.
                id_counts = Counter(resolved_ids)

                if self._strict_parametrization_ids_enabled():
                    parameters = ", ".join(self.argnames)
                    parametersets = ", ".join(
                        [saferepr(list(param.values)) for param in self.parametersets]
                    )
                    ids = ", ".join(
                        id if id is not HIDDEN_PARAM else "<hidden>" for id in resolved_ids
                    )
                    duplicates = ", ".join(
                        id if id is not HIDDEN_PARAM else "<hidden>"
                        for id, count in id_counts.items()
                        if count > 1
                    )
                    msg = textwrap.dedent(f"""
                        Duplicate parametrization IDs detected, but strict_parametrization_ids is set.

                        Test name:      {self.nodeid}
                        Parameters:     {parameters}
                        Parameter sets: {parametersets}
                        IDs:            {ids}
                        Duplicates:     {duplicates}

                        You can fix this problem using `@pytest.mark.parametrize(..., ids=...)` or `pytest.param(..., id=...)`.
                    """).strip()  # noqa: E501
                    raise nodes.Collector.CollectError(msg)

                # Map the ID to its next suffix.
                id_suffixes: dict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
                # Suffix non-unique IDs to make them unique.
                for index, id in enumerate(resolved_ids):
                    if id_counts[id] > 1:
                        if id is HIDDEN_PARAM:
                            self._complain_multiple_hidden_parameter_sets()
                        suffix = ""
                        if id and id[-1].isdigit():
                            suffix = "_"
                        new_id = f"{id}{suffix}{id_suffixes[id]}"
                        while new_id in set(resolved_ids):
                            id_suffixes[id] += 1
                            new_id = f"{id}{suffix}{id_suffixes[id]}"
                        resolved_ids[index] = new_id
                        id_suffixes[id] += 1
            assert len(resolved_ids) == len(set(resolved_ids)), (
                f"Internal error: {resolved_ids=}"
            )
            return resolved_ids

        def _strict_parametrization_ids_enabled(self) -> bool:
            if self.config is None:
                return False
            strict_parametrization_ids = self.config.getini("strict_parametrization_ids")
            if strict_parametrization_ids is None:
                strict_parametrization_ids = self.config.getini("strict")
            return cast(bool, strict_parametrization_ids)

        def _resolve_ids(self) -> Iterable[str | _HiddenParam]:
            """Resolve IDs for all ParameterSets (may contain duplicates)."""
            for idx, parameterset in enumerate(self.parametersets):
                if parameterset.id is not None:
                    # ID provided directly - pytest.param(..., id="...")
                    if parameterset.id is HIDDEN_PARAM:
                        yield HIDDEN_PARAM
                    else:
                        yield _ascii_escaped_by_config(parameterset.id, self.config)
                elif self.ids and idx < len(self.ids) and self.ids[idx] is not None:
                    # ID provided in the IDs list - parametrize(..., ids=[...]).
                    if self.ids[idx] is HIDDEN_PARAM:
                        yield HIDDEN_PARAM
                    else:
                        yield self._idval_from_value_required(self.ids[idx], idx)
                else:
                    # ID not provided - generate it.
                    yield "-".join(
                        self._idval(val, argname, idx)
                        for val, argname in zip(
                            parameterset.values, self.argnames, strict=True
                        )
                    )

        def _idval(self, val: object, argname: str, idx: int) -> str:
            """Make an ID for a parameter in a ParameterSet."""
            idval = self._idval_from_function(val, argname, idx)
            if idval is not None:
                return idval
            idval = self._idval_from_hook(val, argname)
            if idval is not None:
                return idval
            idval = self._idval_from_value(val)
            if idval is not None:
                return idval
            return self._idval_from_argname(argname, idx)

        def _idval_from_function(self, val: object, argname: str, idx: int) -> str | None:
            """Try to make an ID for a parameter in a ParameterSet using the
            user-provided id callable, if given."""
            if self.idfn is None:
                return None
            try:
                id = self.idfn(val)
            except Exception as e:
                prefix = f"{self.nodeid}: " if self.nodeid is not None else ""
                msg = "error raised while trying to determine id of parameter '{}' at position {}"
                msg = prefix + msg.format(argname, idx)
                raise ValueError(msg) from e
            if id is None:
                return None
            return self._idval_from_value(id)

        def _idval_from_hook(self, val: object, argname: str) -> str | None:
            """Try to make an ID for a parameter in a ParameterSet by calling the
            :hook:`pytest_make_parametrize_id` hook."""
            if self.config:
                id: str | None = self.config.hook.pytest_make_parametrize_id(
                    config=self.config, val=val, argname=argname
                )
                return id
            return None

        def _idval_from_value(self, val: object) -> str | None:
            """Try to make an ID for a parameter in a ParameterSet from its value,
            if the value type is supported."""
            if isinstance(val, str | bytes):
                return _ascii_escaped_by_config(val, self.config)
            elif val is None or isinstance(val, float | int | bool | complex):
                return str(val)
            elif isinstance(val, re.Pattern):
                return ascii_escaped(val.pattern)
            elif val is NOTSET:
                # Fallback to default. Note that NOTSET is an enum.Enum.
                pass
            elif isinstance(val, enum.Enum):
                return str(val)
            elif isinstance(getattr(val, "__name__", None), str):
                # Name of a class, function, module, etc.
                name: str = getattr(val, "__name__")
                return name
            return None

        def _idval_from_value_required(self, val: object, idx: int) -> str:
            """Like _idval_from_value(), but fails if the type is not supported."""
            id = self._idval_from_value(val)
            if id is not None:
                return id

            # Fail.
            prefix = self._make_error_prefix()
            msg = (
                f"{prefix}ids contains unsupported value {saferepr(val)} (type: {type(val)!r}) at index {idx}. "
                "Supported types are: str, bytes, int, float, complex, bool, enum, regex or anything with a __name__."
            )
            fail(msg, pytrace=False)

        @staticmethod
        def _idval_from_argname(argname: str, idx: int) -> str:
            """Make an ID for a parameter in a ParameterSet from the argument name
            and the index of the ParameterSet."""
            return str(argname) + str(idx)

        def _complain_multiple_hidden_parameter_sets(self) -> NoReturn:
            fail(
                f"{self._make_error_prefix()}multiple instances of HIDDEN_PARAM "
                "cannot be used in the same parametrize call, "
                "because the tests names need to be unique."
            )

        def _make_error_prefix(self) -> str:
            if self.nodeid is not None:
                return f"In {self.nodeid}: "
            else:
                return ""

    @final
    @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
    class CallSpec2:
        """A planned parameterized invocation of a test function.

        Calculated during collection for a given test function's Metafunc.
        Once collection is over, each callspec is turned into a single Item
        and stored in item.callspec.
        """

        # arg name -> arg value which will be passed to a fixture of the same name.
        params: dict[str, object] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=dict)
        # arg name -> arg index.
        indices: dict[str, int] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=dict)
        # arg name -> parameter scope.
        # Used for sorting parametrized resources.
        _arg2scope: Mapping[str, Scope] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=dict)
        # Parts which will be added to the item's name in `[..]` separated by "-".
        _idlist: Sequence[str] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=tuple)
        # Marks which will be applied to the item.
        marks: list[Mark] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)

        def setmulti(
            self,
            *,
            argnames: Iterable[str],
            valset: Iterable[object],
            id: str | _HiddenParam,
            marks: Iterable[Mark | MarkDecorator],
            scope: Scope,
            param_index: int,
            nodeid: str,
        ) -> CallSpec2:
            params = self.params.copy()
            indices = self.indices.copy()
            arg2scope = dict(self._arg2scope)
            for arg, val in zip(argnames, valset, strict=True):
                if arg in params:
                    raise nodes.Collector.CollectError(
                        f"{nodeid}: duplicate parametrization of {arg!r}"
                    )
                params[arg] = val
                indices[arg] = param_index
                arg2scope[arg] = scope
            return CallSpec2(
                params=params,
                indices=indices,
                _arg2scope=arg2scope,
                _idlist=self._idlist if id is HIDDEN_PARAM else [*self._idlist, id],
                marks=[*self.marks, *normalize_mark_list(marks)],
            )

        def getparam(self, name: str) -> object:
            try:
                return self.params[name]
            except KeyError as e:
                raise ValueError(name) from e

        @property
        def id(self) -> str:
            return "-".join(self._idlist)

    def get_direct_param_fixture_func(request: FixtureRequest) -> Any:
        return request.param

    class DirectParamFixtureDef(FixtureDef[FixtureValue]):
        """A custom FixtureDef for direct parametrization fixtures.

        Each parameter in direct parametrization is desugared to a parametrized
        fixture which returns the direct parameterization value as its param.
        We use this custom type as a "marker" for this type of FixtureDef, but
        usually behaves like any other FixtureDef.
        """

        def __init__(self, *, node: nodes.Node, argname: str, scope: Scope) -> None:
            super().__init__(
                config=node.config,
                baseid=NOTSET,
                argname=argname,
                func=get_direct_param_fixture_func,
                scope=scope,
                params=None,
                ids=None,
                node=node,
                _ispytest=True,
            )

    # Used for storing fixturedefs for direct parametrization.
    name2directparamfixturedef_key = StashKey[dict[str, DirectParamFixtureDef[object]]]()

    @final
    class Metafunc:
        """Objects passed to the :hook:`pytest_generate_tests` hook.

        They help to inspect a test function and to generate tests according to
        test configuration or values specified in the class or module where a
        test function is defined.
        """

        def __init__(
            self,
            definition: FunctionDefinition,
            fixtureinfo: fixtures.FuncFixtureInfo,
            config: Config,
            cls=None,
            module=None,
            *,
            _ispytest: bool = False,
        ) -> None:
            check_ispytest(_ispytest)

            #: Access to the underlying :class:`_pytest.python.FunctionDefinition`.
            self.definition = definition

            #: Access to the :class:`pytest.Config` object for the test session.
            self.config = config

            #: The module object where the test function is defined in.
            self.module = module

            #: Underlying Python test function.
            self.function = definition.obj

            #: Set of fixture names required by the test function.
            self.fixturenames = fixtureinfo.names_closure

            #: Class object where the test function is defined in or ``None``.
            self.cls = cls

            self._arg2fixturedefs = fixtureinfo.name2fixturedefs

            # Result of parametrize().
            self._calls: list[CallSpec2] = []

            self._params_directness: dict[str, Literal["indirect", "direct"]] = {}

        def parametrize(
            self,
            argnames: str | Sequence[str],
            argvalues: Iterable[ParameterSet | Sequence[object] | object],
            indirect: bool | Sequence[str] = False,
            ids: Iterable[object | None] | Callable[[Any], object | None] | None = None,
            scope: ScopeName | None = None,
            *,
            _param_mark: Mark | None = None,
        ) -> None:
            """Add new invocations to the underlying test function using the list
            of argvalues for the given argnames. Parametrization is performed
            during the collection phase. If you need to setup expensive resources
            see about setting ``indirect`` to do it at test setup time instead.

            Can be called multiple times per test function (but only on different
            argument names), in which case each call parametrizes all previous
            parametrizations, e.g.

            ::

                unparametrized:         t
                parametrize ["x", "y"]: t[x], t[y]
                parametrize [1, 2]:     t[x-1], t[x-2], t[y-1], t[y-2]

            :param argnames:
                A comma-separated string denoting one or more argument names, or
                a list/tuple of argument strings.

            :param argvalues:
                The list of argvalues determines how often a test is invoked with
                different argument values.

                If only one argname was specified argvalues is a list of values.
                If N argnames were specified, argvalues must be a list of
                N-tuples, where each tuple-element specifies a value for its
                respective argname.

                .. versionchanged:: 9.1

                    Passing a non-:class:`~collections.abc.Collection` iterable
                    (such as a generator or iterator) is deprecated. See
                    :ref:`parametrize-iterators` for details.

            :param indirect:
                A list of arguments' names (subset of argnames) or a boolean.
                If True the list contains all names from the argnames. Each
                argvalue corresponding to an argname in this list will
                be passed as request.param to its respective argname fixture
                function so that it can perform more expensive setups during the
                setup phase of a test rather than at collection time.

            :param ids:
                Sequence of (or generator for) ids for ``argvalues``,
                or a callable to return part of the id for each argvalue.

                With sequences (and generators like ``itertools.count()``) the
                returned ids should be of type ``string``, ``int``, ``float``,
                ``bool``, or ``None``.
                They are mapped to the corresponding index in ``argvalues``.
                ``None`` means to use the auto-generated id.

                .. versionadded:: 8.4
                    :ref:`hidden-param` means to hide the parameter set
                    from the test name. Can only be used at most 1 time, as
                    test names need to be unique.

                If it is a callable it will be called for each entry in
                ``argvalues``, and the return value is used as part of the
                auto-generated id for the whole set (where parts are joined with
                dashes ("-")).
                This is useful to provide more specific ids for certain items, e.g.
                dates.  Returning ``None`` will use an auto-generated id.

                If no ids are provided they will be generated automatically from
                the argvalues.

            :param scope:
                If specified it denotes the scope of the parameters.
                The scope is used for grouping tests by parameter instances.
                It will also override any fixture-function defined scope, allowing
                to set a dynamic scope using test context or configuration.
            """
            nodeid = self.definition.nodeid

            argnames, parametersets = ParameterSet._for_parametrize(
                argnames,
                argvalues,
                self.function,
                self.config,
                nodeid=self.definition.nodeid,
            )
            del argvalues

            if "request" in argnames:
                fail(
                    f"{nodeid}: 'request' is a reserved name and cannot be used in @pytest.mark.parametrize",
                    pytrace=False,
                )

            if scope is not None:
                scope_ = Scope.from_user(
                    scope, descr=f"parametrize() call in {self.function.__name__}"
                )
            else:
                scope_ = _find_parametrized_scope(argnames, self._arg2fixturedefs, indirect)

            self._validate_if_using_arg_names(argnames, indirect)

            # Use any already (possibly) generated ids with parametrize Marks.
            if _param_mark and _param_mark._param_ids_from:
                generated_ids = _param_mark._param_ids_from._param_ids_generated
                if generated_ids is not None:
                    ids = generated_ids

            ids = self._resolve_parameter_set_ids(
                argnames, ids, parametersets, nodeid=self.definition.nodeid
            )

            # Store used (possibly generated) ids with parametrize Marks.
            if _param_mark and _param_mark._param_ids_from and generated_ids is None:
                object.__setattr__(_param_mark._param_ids_from, "_param_ids_generated", ids)

            # Calculate directness.
            arg_directness = _resolve_args_directness(
                argnames, indirect, self.definition.nodeid
            )
            self._params_directness.update(arg_directness)

            # Add direct parametrizations as fixturedefs to arg2fixturedefs by
            # registering artificial DirectParamFixtureDef's such that later at test
            # setup time we can rely on FixtureDefs to exist for all argnames.
            node = None
            # For scopes higher than function, a DirectParamFixtureDef might have
            # already been created for the scope. We thus store and cache the
            # DirectParamFixtureDef on the node related to the scope.
            if scope_ is Scope.Function:
                name2directparamfixturedef = None
            else:
                collector = self.definition.parent
                assert collector is not None
                node = get_scope_node(collector, scope_)
                if node is None:
                    # If used class scope and there is no class, use module-level
                    # collector (for now).
                    if scope_ is Scope.Class:
                        assert isinstance(collector, Module)
                        node = collector
                    # If used package scope and there is no package, use session
                    # (for now).
                    elif scope_ is Scope.Package:
                        node = collector.session
                    else:
                        assert False, f"Unhandled missing scope: {scope}"
                default: dict[str, DirectParamFixtureDef[object]] = {}
                name2directparamfixturedef = node.stash.setdefault(
                    name2directparamfixturedef_key, default
                )
            for argname in argnames:
                if arg_directness[argname] == "indirect":
                    continue
                if (
                    name2directparamfixturedef is not None
                    and argname in name2directparamfixturedef
                ):
                    fixturedef = name2directparamfixturedef[argname]
                else:
                    fixturedef = DirectParamFixtureDef(
                        node=self.definition.session,
                        argname=argname,
                        scope=scope_,
                    )
                    if name2directparamfixturedef is not None:
                        name2directparamfixturedef[argname] = fixturedef
                self._arg2fixturedefs[argname] = [fixturedef]

            # Create the new calls: if we are parametrize() multiple times (by applying the decorator
            # more than once) then we accumulate those calls generating the cartesian product
            # of all calls.
            newcalls = []
            for callspec in self._calls or [CallSpec2()]:
                for param_index, (param_id, param_set) in enumerate(
                    zip(ids, parametersets, strict=True)
                ):
                    newcallspec = callspec.setmulti(
                        argnames=argnames,
                        valset=param_set.values,
                        id=param_id,
                        marks=param_set.marks,
                        scope=scope_,
                        param_index=param_index,
                        nodeid=nodeid,
                    )
                    newcalls.append(newcallspec)
            self._calls = newcalls

        def _resolve_parameter_set_ids(
            self,
            argnames: Sequence[str],
            ids: Iterable[object | None] | Callable[[Any], object | None] | None,
            parametersets: Sequence[ParameterSet],
            nodeid: str,
        ) -> list[str | _HiddenParam]:
            """Resolve the actual ids for the given parameter sets.

            :param argnames:
                Argument names passed to ``parametrize()``.
            :param ids:
                The `ids` parameter of the ``parametrize()`` call (see docs).
            :param parametersets:
                The parameter sets, each containing a set of values corresponding
                to ``argnames``.
            :param nodeid str:
                The nodeid of the definition item that generated this
                parametrization.
            :returns:
                List with ids for each parameter set given.
            """
            if ids is None:
                idfn = None
                ids_ = None
            elif callable(ids):
                idfn = ids
                ids_ = None
            else:
                idfn = None
                ids_ = self._validate_ids(ids, parametersets)
            id_maker = IdMaker(
                argnames,
                parametersets,
                idfn,
                ids_,
                self.config,
                nodeid=nodeid,
            )
            return id_maker.make_unique_parameterset_ids()

        def _validate_ids(
            self,
            ids: Iterable[object | None],
            parametersets: Sequence[ParameterSet],
        ) -> list[object | None]:
            try:
                num_ids = len(ids)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
            except TypeError:
                try:
                    iter(ids)
                except TypeError as e:
                    raise TypeError("ids must be a callable or an iterable") from e
                num_ids = len(parametersets)

            # num_ids == 0 is a special case: https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/1849
            if num_ids != len(parametersets) and num_ids != 0:
                nodeid = self.definition.nodeid
                fail(
                    f"In {nodeid}: {len(parametersets)} parameter sets specified, with different number of ids: {num_ids}",
                    pytrace=False,
                )

            return list(itertools.islice(ids, num_ids))

        def _validate_if_using_arg_names(
            self,
            argnames: Sequence[str],
            indirect: bool | Sequence[str],
        ) -> None:
            """Check if all argnames are being used, by default values, or directly/indirectly.

            :param List[str] argnames: List of argument names passed to ``parametrize()``.
            :param indirect: Same as the ``indirect`` parameter of ``parametrize()``.
            :raises ValueError: If validation fails.
            """
            default_arg_names = set(get_default_arg_names(self.function))
            nodeid = self.definition.nodeid
            for arg in argnames:
                if arg not in self.fixturenames:
                    if arg in default_arg_names:
                        fail(
                            f"In {nodeid}: function already takes an argument '{arg}' with a default value",
                            pytrace=False,
                        )
                    else:
                        if isinstance(indirect, Sequence):
                            name = "fixture" if arg in indirect else "argument"
                        else:
                            name = "fixture" if indirect else "argument"
                        fail(
                            f"In {nodeid}: function uses no {name} '{arg}'",
                            pytrace=False,
                        )

        def _recompute_direct_params_indices(self) -> None:
            for argname, param_type in self._params_directness.items():
                if param_type == "direct":
                    for i, callspec in enumerate(self._calls):
                        callspec.indices[argname] = i

    def _find_parametrized_scope(
        argnames: Sequence[str],
        arg2fixturedefs: Mapping[str, Sequence[fixtures.FixtureDef[object]]],
        indirect: bool | Sequence[str],
    ) -> Scope:
        """Find the most appropriate scope for a parametrized call based on its arguments.

        When there's at least one direct argument, always use "function" scope.

        When a test function is parametrized and all its arguments are indirect
        (e.g. fixtures), return the most narrow scope based on the fixtures used.

        Related to issue #1832, based on code posted by @Kingdread.
        """
        if isinstance(indirect, Sequence):
            all_arguments_are_fixtures = len(indirect) == len(argnames)
        else:
            all_arguments_are_fixtures = bool(indirect)

        if all_arguments_are_fixtures:
            fixturedefs = arg2fixturedefs or {}
            used_scopes = [
                fixturedef[-1]._scope
                for name, fixturedef in fixturedefs.items()
                if name in argnames
            ]
            # Takes the most narrow scope from used fixtures.
            return min(used_scopes, default=Scope.Function)

        return Scope.Function

    def _ascii_escaped_by_config(val: str | bytes, config: Config | None) -> str:
        if config is None:
            escape_option = False
        else:
            escape_option = config.getini(
                "disable_test_id_escaping_and_forfeit_all_rights_to_community_support"
            )
        # TODO: If escaping is turned off and the user passes bytes,
        #       will return a bytes. For now we ignore this but the
        #       code *probably* doesn't handle this case.
        return val if escape_option else ascii_escaped(val)  # type: ignore

    class Function(PyobjMixin, nodes.Item):
        """Item responsible for setting up and executing a Python test function.

        :param name:
            The full function name, including any decorations like those
            added by parametrization (``my_func[my_param]``).
        :param parent:
            The parent Node.
        :param config:
            The pytest Config object.
        :param callspec:
            If given, this function has been parametrized and the callspec contains
            meta information about the parametrization.
        :param callobj:
            If given, the object which will be called when the Function is invoked,
            otherwise the callobj will be obtained from ``parent`` using ``originalname``.
        :param keywords:
            Keywords bound to the function object for "-k" matching.
        :param session:
            The pytest Session object.
        :param fixtureinfo:
            Fixture information already resolved at this fixture node..
        :param originalname:
            The attribute name to use for accessing the underlying function object.
            Defaults to ``name``. Set this if name is different from the original name,
            for example when it contains decorations like those added by parametrization
            (``my_func[my_param]``).
        """

        # Disable since functions handle it themselves.
        _ALLOW_MARKERS = False

        def __init__(
            self,
            name: str,
            parent,
            config: Config | None = None,
            callspec: CallSpec2 | None = None,
            callobj=NOTSET,
            keywords: Mapping[str, Any] | None = None,
            session: Session | None = None,
            fixtureinfo: FuncFixtureInfo | None = None,
            originalname: str | None = None,
        ) -> None:
            super().__init__(name, parent, config=config, session=session)

            if callobj is not NOTSET:
                self._obj = callobj
                self._instance = getattr(callobj, "__self__", None)

            #: Original function name, without any decorations (for example
            #: parametrization adds a ``"[...]"`` suffix to function names), used to access
            #: the underlying function object from ``parent`` (in case ``callobj`` is not given
            #: explicitly).
            #:
            #: .. versionadded:: 3.0
            self.originalname = originalname or name

            # Note: when FunctionDefinition is introduced, we should change ``originalname``
            # to a readonly property that returns FunctionDefinition.name.

            self.own_markers.extend(get_unpacked_marks(self.obj))
            if callspec:
                self.callspec = callspec
                self.own_markers.extend(callspec.marks)

            # todo: this is a hell of a hack
            # https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/4569
            # Note: the order of the updates is important here; indicates what
            # takes priority (ctor argument over function attributes over markers).
            # Take own_markers only; NodeKeywords handles parent traversal on its own.
            self.keywords.update((mark.name, mark) for mark in self.own_markers)
            self.keywords.update(self.obj.__dict__)
            if keywords:
                self.keywords.update(keywords)

            if fixtureinfo is None:
                fm = self.session._fixturemanager
                fixtureinfo = fm.getfixtureinfo(self, self.obj, self.cls)
            self._fixtureinfo: FuncFixtureInfo = fixtureinfo
            self.fixturenames = fixtureinfo.names_closure
            self._initrequest()

        # todo: determine sound type limitations

        @classmethod
        def from_parent(cls, parent, **kw) -> Self:
            """The public constructor."""
            return super().from_parent(parent=parent, **kw)

        def _initrequest(self) -> None:
            self.funcargs: dict[str, object] = {}
            self._request = fixtures.TopRequest(self, _ispytest=True)

        @property
        def function(self):
            """Underlying python 'function' object."""
            return getimfunc(self.obj)

        @property
        def instance(self):
            try:
                return self._instance
            except AttributeError:
                if isinstance(self.parent, Class):
                    # Each Function gets a fresh class instance.
                    self._instance = self._getinstance()
                else:
                    self._instance = None
            return self._instance

        def _getinstance(self):
            if isinstance(self.parent, Class):
                # Each Function gets a fresh class instance.
                return self.parent.newinstance()
            else:
                return None

        def _getobj(self):
            instance = self.instance
            if instance is not None:
                parent_obj = instance
            else:
                assert self.parent is not None
                parent_obj = self.parent.obj  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
            return getattr(parent_obj, self.originalname)

        @property
        def _pyfuncitem(self):
            """(compatonly) for code expecting pytest-2.2 style request objects."""
            return self

        def runtest(self) -> None:
            """Execute the underlying test function."""
            self.ihook.pytest_pyfunc_call(pyfuncitem=self)

        def setup(self) -> None:
            self._request._fillfixtures()

        def _traceback_filter(self, excinfo: ExceptionInfo[BaseException]) -> Traceback:
            if hasattr(self, "_obj") and not self.config.getoption("fulltrace", False):
                code = _pytest._code.Code.from_function(get_real_func(self.obj))
                path, firstlineno = code.path, code.firstlineno
                traceback = excinfo.traceback
                ntraceback = traceback.cut(path=path, firstlineno=firstlineno)
                if ntraceback == traceback:
                    ntraceback = ntraceback.cut(path=path)
                    if ntraceback == traceback:
                        ntraceback = ntraceback.filter(filter_traceback)
                        if not ntraceback:
                            ntraceback = traceback
                ntraceback = ntraceback.filter(excinfo)

                # issue364: mark all but first and last frames to
                # only show a single-line message for each frame.
                if self.config.getoption("tbstyle", "auto") == "auto":
                    if len(ntraceback) > 2:
                        ntraceback = Traceback(
                            (
                                ntraceback[0],
                                *(t.with_repr_style("short") for t in ntraceback[1:-1]),
                                ntraceback[-1],
                            )
                        )

                return ntraceback
            return excinfo.traceback

        # TODO: Type ignored -- breaks Liskov Substitution.

        def repr_failure(  # type: ignore[override]
            self,
            excinfo: ExceptionInfo[BaseException],
        ) -> str | TerminalRepr:
            style = self.config.getoption("tbstyle", "auto")
            if style == "auto":
                style = "long"
            return self._repr_failure_py(excinfo, style=style)

    class FunctionDefinition(Function):
        """This class is a stop gap solution until we evolve to have actual function
        definition nodes and manage to get rid of ``metafunc``."""

        def runtest(self) -> None:
            raise RuntimeError("function definitions are not supposed to be run as tests")

        setup = runtest