# Source code for _pytest.capture

    """Per-test stdout/stderr capturing mechanism."""
    import contextlib
    import functools
    import io
    import os
    import sys
    from io import UnsupportedOperation
    from tempfile import TemporaryFile
    from typing import Any
    from typing import AnyStr
    from typing import Generator
    from typing import Generic
    from typing import Iterator
    from typing import Optional
    from typing import TextIO
    from typing import Tuple
    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
    from typing import Union

    from _pytest.compat import final
    from _pytest.config import Config
    from _pytest.config import hookimpl
    from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
    from _pytest.deprecated import check_ispytest
    from _pytest.fixtures import fixture
    from _pytest.fixtures import SubRequest
    from _pytest.nodes import Collector
    from _pytest.nodes import File
    from _pytest.nodes import Item

    if TYPE_CHECKING:
        from typing_extensions import Literal

        _CaptureMethod = Literal["fd", "sys", "no", "tee-sys"]

    def pytest_addoption(parser: Parser) -> None:
        group = parser.getgroup("general")
        group._addoption(
            "--capture",
            action="store",
            default="fd",
            metavar="method",
            choices=["fd", "sys", "no", "tee-sys"],
            help="per-test capturing method: one of fd|sys|no|tee-sys.",
        )
        group._addoption(
            "-s",
            action="store_const",
            const="no",
            dest="capture",
            help="shortcut for --capture=no.",
        )

    def _colorama_workaround() -> None:
        """Ensure colorama is imported so that it attaches to the correct stdio
        handles on Windows.

        colorama uses the terminal on import time. So if something does the
        first import of colorama while I/O capture is active, colorama will
        fail in various ways.
        """
        if sys.platform.startswith("win32"):
            try:
                import colorama  # noqa: F401
            except ImportError:
                pass

    def _readline_workaround() -> None:
        """Ensure readline is imported so that it attaches to the correct stdio
        handles on Windows.

        Pdb uses readline support where available--when not running from the Python
        prompt, the readline module is not imported until running the pdb REPL.  If
        running pytest with the --pdb option this means the readline module is not
        imported until after I/O capture has been started.

        This is a problem for pyreadline, which is often used to implement readline
        support on Windows, as it does not attach to the correct handles for stdout
        and/or stdin if they have been redirected by the FDCapture mechanism.  This
        workaround ensures that readline is imported before I/O capture is setup so
        that it can attach to the actual stdin/out for the console.

        See https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/pull/1281.
        """
        if sys.platform.startswith("win32"):
            try:
                import readline  # noqa: F401
            except ImportError:
                pass

    def _py36_windowsconsoleio_workaround(stream: TextIO) -> None:
        """Workaround for Windows Unicode console handling on Python>=3.6.

        Python 3.6 implemented Unicode console handling for Windows. This works
        by reading/writing to the raw console handle using
        ``{Read,Write}ConsoleW``.

        The problem is that we are going to ``dup2`` over the stdio file
        descriptors when doing ``FDCapture`` and this will ``CloseHandle`` the
        handles used by Python to write to the console. Though there is still some
        weirdness and the console handle seems to only be closed randomly and not
        on the first call to ``CloseHandle``, or maybe it gets reopened with the
        same handle value when we suspend capturing.

        The workaround in this case will reopen stdio with a different fd which
        also means a different handle by replicating the logic in
        "Py_lifecycle.c:initstdio/create_stdio".

        :param stream:
            In practice ``sys.stdout`` or ``sys.stderr``, but given
            here as parameter for unittesting purposes.

        See https://github.com/pytest-dev/py/issues/103.
        """
        if not sys.platform.startswith("win32") or hasattr(sys, "pypy_version_info"):
            return

        # Bail out if ``stream`` doesn't seem like a proper ``io`` stream (#2666).
        if not hasattr(stream, "buffer"):  # type: ignore[unreachable]
            return

        buffered = hasattr(stream.buffer, "raw")
        raw_stdout = stream.buffer.raw if buffered else stream.buffer  # type: ignore[attr-defined]

        if not isinstance(raw_stdout, io._WindowsConsoleIO):  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
            return

        def _reopen_stdio(f, mode):
            if not buffered and mode[0] == "w":
                buffering = 0
            else:
                buffering = -1

            return io.TextIOWrapper(
                open(os.dup(f.fileno()), mode, buffering),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
                f.encoding,
                f.errors,
                f.newlines,
                f.line_buffering,
            )

        sys.stdin = _reopen_stdio(sys.stdin, "rb")
        sys.stdout = _reopen_stdio(sys.stdout, "wb")
        sys.stderr = _reopen_stdio(sys.stderr, "wb")

    @hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
    def pytest_load_initial_conftests(early_config: Config):
        ns = early_config.known_args_namespace
        if ns.capture == "fd":
            _py36_windowsconsoleio_workaround(sys.stdout)
        _colorama_workaround()
        _readline_workaround()
        pluginmanager = early_config.pluginmanager
        capman = CaptureManager(ns.capture)
        pluginmanager.register(capman, "capturemanager")

        # Make sure that capturemanager is properly reset at final shutdown.
        early_config.add_cleanup(capman.stop_global_capturing)

        # Finally trigger conftest loading but while capturing (issue #93).
        capman.start_global_capturing()
        outcome = yield
        capman.suspend_global_capture()
        if outcome.excinfo is not None:
            out, err = capman.read_global_capture()
            sys.stdout.write(out)
            sys.stderr.write(err)

    # IO Helpers.

    class EncodedFile(io.TextIOWrapper):
        __slots__ = ()

        @property
        def name(self) -> str:
            # Ensure that file.name is a string. Workaround for a Python bug
            # fixed in >=3.7.4: https://bugs.python.org/issue36015
            return repr(self.buffer)

        @property
        def mode(self) -> str:
            # TextIOWrapper doesn't expose a mode, but at least some of our
            # tests check it.
            return self.buffer.mode.replace("b", "")

    class CaptureIO(io.TextIOWrapper):
        def __init__(self) -> None:
            super().__init__(io.BytesIO(), encoding="UTF-8", newline="", write_through=True)

        def getvalue(self) -> str:
            assert isinstance(self.buffer, io.BytesIO)
            return self.buffer.getvalue().decode("UTF-8")

    class TeeCaptureIO(CaptureIO):
        def __init__(self, other: TextIO) -> None:
            self._other = other
            super().__init__()

        def write(self, s: str) -> int:
            super().write(s)
            return self._other.write(s)

    class DontReadFromInput:
        encoding = None

        def read(self, *args):
            raise OSError(
                "pytest: reading from stdin while output is captured!  Consider using `-s`."
            )

        readline = read
        readlines = read
        __next__ = read

        def __iter__(self):
            return self

        def fileno(self) -> int:
            raise UnsupportedOperation("redirected stdin is pseudofile, has no fileno()")

        def isatty(self) -> bool:
            return False

        def close(self) -> None:
            pass

        @property
        def buffer(self):
            return self

    # Capture classes.

    patchsysdict = {0: "stdin", 1: "stdout", 2: "stderr"}

    class NoCapture:
        EMPTY_BUFFER = None
        __init__ = start = done = suspend = resume = lambda *args: None

    class SysCaptureBinary:

        EMPTY_BUFFER = b""

        def __init__(self, fd: int, tmpfile=None, *, tee: bool = False) -> None:
            name = patchsysdict[fd]
            self._old = getattr(sys, name)
            self.name = name
            if tmpfile is None:
                if name == "stdin":
                    tmpfile = DontReadFromInput()
                else:
                    tmpfile = CaptureIO() if not tee else TeeCaptureIO(self._old)
            self.tmpfile = tmpfile
            self._state = "initialized"

        def repr(self, class_name: str) -> str:
            return "<{} {} _old={} _state={!r} tmpfile={!r}>".format(
                class_name,
                self.name,
                hasattr(self, "_old") and repr(self._old) or "<UNSET>",
                self._state,
                self.tmpfile,
            )

        def __repr__(self) -> str:
            return "<{} {} _old={} _state={!r} tmpfile={!r}>".format(
                self.__class__.__name__,
                self.name,
                hasattr(self, "_old") and repr(self._old) or "<UNSET>",
                self._state,
                self.tmpfile,
            )

        def _assert_state(self, op: str, states: Tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
            assert (
                self._state in states
            ), "cannot {} in state {!r}: expected one of {}".format(
                op, self._state, ", ".join(states)
            )

        def start(self) -> None:
            self._assert_state("start", ("initialized",))
            setattr(sys, self.name, self.tmpfile)
            self._state = "started"

        def snap(self):
            self._assert_state("snap", ("started", "suspended"))
            self.tmpfile.seek(0)
            res = self.tmpfile.buffer.read()
            self.tmpfile.seek(0)
            self.tmpfile.truncate()
            return res

        def done(self) -> None:
            self._assert_state("done", ("initialized", "started", "suspended", "done"))
            if self._state == "done":
                return
            setattr(sys, self.name, self._old)
            del self._old
            self.tmpfile.close()
            self._state = "done"

        def suspend(self) -> None:
            self._assert_state("suspend", ("started", "suspended"))
            setattr(sys, self.name, self._old)
            self._state = "suspended"

        def resume(self) -> None:
            self._assert_state("resume", ("started", "suspended"))
            if self._state == "started":
                return
            setattr(sys, self.name, self.tmpfile)
            self._state = "started"

        def writeorg(self, data) -> None:
            self._assert_state("writeorg", ("started", "suspended"))
            self._old.flush()
            self._old.buffer.write(data)
            self._old.buffer.flush()

    class SysCapture(SysCaptureBinary):
        EMPTY_BUFFER = ""  # type: ignore[assignment]

        def snap(self):
            res = self.tmpfile.getvalue()
            self.tmpfile.seek(0)
            self.tmpfile.truncate()
            return res

        def writeorg(self, data):
            self._assert_state("writeorg", ("started", "suspended"))
            self._old.write(data)
            self._old.flush()

    class FDCaptureBinary:
        """Capture IO to/from a given OS-level file descriptor.

        snap() produces `bytes`.
        """

        EMPTY_BUFFER = b""

        def __init__(self, targetfd: int) -> None:
            self.targetfd = targetfd

            try:
                os.fstat(targetfd)
            except OSError:
                # FD capturing is conceptually simple -- create a temporary file,
                # redirect the FD to it, redirect back when done. But when the
                # target FD is invalid it throws a wrench into this loveley scheme.
                #
                # Tests themselves shouldn't care if the FD is valid, FD capturing
                # should work regardless of external circumstances. So falling back
                # to just sys capturing is not a good option.
                #
                # Further complications are the need to support suspend() and the
                # possibility of FD reuse (e.g. the tmpfile getting the very same
                # target FD). The following approach is robust, I believe.
                self.targetfd_invalid: Optional[int] = os.open(os.devnull, os.O_RDWR)
                os.dup2(self.targetfd_invalid, targetfd)
            else:
                self.targetfd_invalid = None
            self.targetfd_save = os.dup(targetfd)

            if targetfd == 0:
                self.tmpfile = open(os.devnull)
                self.syscapture = SysCapture(targetfd)
            else:
                self.tmpfile = EncodedFile(
                    TemporaryFile(buffering=0),
                    encoding="utf-8",
                    errors="replace",
                    newline="",
                    write_through=True,
                )
                if targetfd in patchsysdict:
                    self.syscapture = SysCapture(targetfd, self.tmpfile)
                else:
                    self.syscapture = NoCapture()

            self._state = "initialized"

        def __repr__(self) -> str:
            return "<{} {} oldfd={} _state={!r} tmpfile={!r}>".format(
                self.__class__.__name__,
                self.targetfd,
                self.targetfd_save,
                self._state,
                self.tmpfile,
            )

        def _assert_state(self, op: str, states: Tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
            assert (
                self._state in states
            ), "cannot {} in state {!r}: expected one of {}".format(
                op, self._state, ", ".join(states)
            )

        def start(self) -> None:
            """Start capturing on targetfd using memorized tmpfile."""
            self._assert_state("start", ("initialized",))
            os.dup2(self.tmpfile.fileno(), self.targetfd)
            self.syscapture.start()
            self._state = "started"

        def snap(self):
            self._assert_state("snap", ("started", "suspended"))
            self.tmpfile.seek(0)
            res = self.tmpfile.buffer.read()
            self.tmpfile.seek(0)
            self.tmpfile.truncate()
            return res

        def done(self) -> None:
            """Stop capturing, restore streams, return original capture file,
            seeked to position zero."""
            self._assert_state("done", ("initialized", "started", "suspended", "done"))
            if self._state == "done":
                return
            os.dup2(self.targetfd_save, self.targetfd)
            os.close(self.targetfd_save)
            if self.targetfd_invalid is not None:
                if self.targetfd_invalid != self.targetfd:
                    os.close(self.targetfd)
                os.close(self.targetfd_invalid)
            self.syscapture.done()
            self.tmpfile.close()
            self._state = "done"

        def suspend(self) -> None:
            self._assert_state("suspend", ("started", "suspended"))
            if self._state == "suspended":
                return
            self.syscapture.suspend()
            os.dup2(self.targetfd_save, self.targetfd)
            self._state = "suspended"

        def resume(self) -> None:
            self._assert_state("resume", ("started", "suspended"))
            if self._state == "started":
                return
            self.syscapture.resume()
            os.dup2(self.tmpfile.fileno(), self.targetfd)
            self._state = "started"

        def writeorg(self, data):
            """Write to original file descriptor."""
            self._assert_state("writeorg", ("started", "suspended"))
            os.write(self.targetfd_save, data)

    class FDCapture(FDCaptureBinary):
        """Capture IO to/from a given OS-level file descriptor.

        snap() produces text.
        """

        # Ignore type because it doesn't match the type in the superclass (bytes).
        EMPTY_BUFFER = ""  # type: ignore

        def snap(self):
            self._assert_state("snap", ("started", "suspended"))
            self.tmpfile.seek(0)
            res = self.tmpfile.read()
            self.tmpfile.seek(0)
            self.tmpfile.truncate()
            return res

        def writeorg(self, data):
            """Write to original file descriptor."""
            super().writeorg(data.encode("utf-8"))  # XXX use encoding of original stream

    # MultiCapture

    # This class was a namedtuple, but due to mypy limitation[0] it could not be
    # made generic, so was replaced by a regular class which tries to emulate the
    # pertinent parts of a namedtuple. If the mypy limitation is ever lifted, can
    # make it a namedtuple again.
    # [0]: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/685
    @final
    @functools.total_ordering
    class CaptureResult(Generic[AnyStr]):
        """The result of :method:`CaptureFixture.readouterr`."""

        __slots__ = ("out", "err")

        def __init__(self, out: AnyStr, err: AnyStr) -> None:
            self.out: AnyStr = out
            self.err: AnyStr = err

        def __len__(self) -> int:
            return 2

        def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[AnyStr]:
            return iter((self.out, self.err))

        def __getitem__(self, item: int) -> AnyStr:
            return tuple(self)[item]

        def _replace(
            self, *, out: Optional[AnyStr] = None, err: Optional[AnyStr] = None
        ) -> "CaptureResult[AnyStr]":
            return CaptureResult(
                out=self.out if out is None else out, err=self.err if err is None else err
            )

        def count(self, value: AnyStr) -> int:
            return tuple(self).count(value)

        def index(self, value) -> int:
            return tuple(self).index(value)

        def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
            if not isinstance(other, (CaptureResult, tuple)):
                return NotImplemented
            return tuple(self) == tuple(other)

        def __hash__(self) -> int:
            return hash(tuple(self))

        def __lt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
            if not isinstance(other, (CaptureResult, tuple)):
                return NotImplemented
            return tuple(self) < tuple(other)

        def __repr__(self) -> str:
            return f"CaptureResult(out={self.out!r}, err={self.err!r})"

    class MultiCapture(Generic[AnyStr]):
        _state = None
        _in_suspended = False

        def __init__(self, in_, out, err) -> None:
            self.in_ = in_
            self.out = out
            self.err = err

        def __repr__(self) -> str:
            return "<MultiCapture out={!r} err={!r} in_={!r} _state={!r} _in_suspended={!r}>".format(
                self.out, self.err, self.in_, self._state, self._in_suspended,
            )

        def start_capturing(self) -> None:
            self._state = "started"
            if self.in_:
                self.in_.start()
            if self.out:
                self.out.start()
            if self.err:
                self.err.start()

        def pop_outerr_to_orig(self) -> Tuple[AnyStr, AnyStr]:
            """Pop current snapshot out/err capture and flush to orig streams."""
            out, err = self.readouterr()
            if out:
                self.out.writeorg(out)
            if err:
                self.err.writeorg(err)
            return out, err

        def suspend_capturing(self, in_: bool = False) -> None:
            self._state = "suspended"
            if self.out:
                self.out.suspend()
            if self.err:
                self.err.suspend()
            if in_ and self.in_:
                self.in_.suspend()
                self._in_suspended = True

        def resume_capturing(self) -> None:
            self._state = "started"
            if self.out:
                self.out.resume()
            if self.err:
                self.err.resume()
            if self._in_suspended:
                self.in_.resume()
                self._in_suspended = False

        def stop_capturing(self) -> None:
            """Stop capturing and reset capturing streams."""
            if self._state == "stopped":
                raise ValueError("was already stopped")
            self._state = "stopped"
            if self.out:
                self.out.done()
            if self.err:
                self.err.done()
            if self.in_:
                self.in_.done()

        def is_started(self) -> bool:
            """Whether actively capturing -- not suspended or stopped."""
            return self._state == "started"

        def readouterr(self) -> CaptureResult[AnyStr]:
            if self.out:
                out = self.out.snap()
            else:
                out = ""
            if self.err:
                err = self.err.snap()
            else:
                err = ""
            return CaptureResult(out, err)

    def _get_multicapture(method: "_CaptureMethod") -> MultiCapture[str]:
        if method == "fd":
            return MultiCapture(in_=FDCapture(0), out=FDCapture(1), err=FDCapture(2))
        elif method == "sys":
            return MultiCapture(in_=SysCapture(0), out=SysCapture(1), err=SysCapture(2))
        elif method == "no":
            return MultiCapture(in_=None, out=None, err=None)
        elif method == "tee-sys":
            return MultiCapture(
                in_=None, out=SysCapture(1, tee=True), err=SysCapture(2, tee=True)
            )
        raise ValueError(f"unknown capturing method: {method!r}")

    # CaptureManager and CaptureFixture

    class CaptureManager:
        """The capture plugin.

        Manages that the appropriate capture method is enabled/disabled during
        collection and each test phase (setup, call, teardown). After each of
        those points, the captured output is obtained and attached to the
        collection/runtest report.

        There are two levels of capture:

        * global: enabled by default and can be suppressed by the ``-s``
          option. This is always enabled/disabled during collection and each test
          phase.

        * fixture: when a test function or one of its fixture depend on the
          ``capsys`` or ``capfd`` fixtures. In this case special handling is
          needed to ensure the fixtures take precedence over the global capture.
        """

        def __init__(self, method: "_CaptureMethod") -> None:
            self._method = method
            self._global_capturing: Optional[MultiCapture[str]] = None
            self._capture_fixture: Optional[CaptureFixture[Any]] = None

        def __repr__(self) -> str:
            return "<CaptureManager _method={!r} _global_capturing={!r} _capture_fixture={!r}>".format(
                self._method, self._global_capturing, self._capture_fixture
            )

        def is_capturing(self) -> Union[str, bool]:
            if self.is_globally_capturing():
                return "global"
            if self._capture_fixture:
                return "fixture %s" % self._capture_fixture.request.fixturename
            return False

        # Global capturing control

        def is_globally_capturing(self) -> bool:
            return self._method != "no"

        def start_global_capturing(self) -> None:
            assert self._global_capturing is None
            self._global_capturing = _get_multicapture(self._method)
            self._global_capturing.start_capturing()

        def stop_global_capturing(self) -> None:
            if self._global_capturing is not None:
                self._global_capturing.pop_outerr_to_orig()
                self._global_capturing.stop_capturing()
                self._global_capturing = None

        def resume_global_capture(self) -> None:
            # During teardown of the python process, and on rare occasions, capture
            # attributes can be `None` while trying to resume global capture.
            if self._global_capturing is not None:
                self._global_capturing.resume_capturing()

        def suspend_global_capture(self, in_: bool = False) -> None:
            if self._global_capturing is not None:
                self._global_capturing.suspend_capturing(in_=in_)

        def suspend(self, in_: bool = False) -> None:
            # Need to undo local capsys-et-al if it exists before disabling global capture.
            self.suspend_fixture()
            self.suspend_global_capture(in_)

        def resume(self) -> None:
            self.resume_global_capture()
            self.resume_fixture()

        def read_global_capture(self) -> CaptureResult[str]:
            assert self._global_capturing is not None
            return self._global_capturing.readouterr()

        # Fixture Control

        def set_fixture(self, capture_fixture: "CaptureFixture[Any]") -> None:
            if self._capture_fixture:
                current_fixture = self._capture_fixture.request.fixturename
                requested_fixture = capture_fixture.request.fixturename
                capture_fixture.request.raiseerror(
                    "cannot use {} and {} at the same time".format(
                        requested_fixture, current_fixture
                    )
                )
            self._capture_fixture = capture_fixture

        def unset_fixture(self) -> None:
            self._capture_fixture = None

        def activate_fixture(self) -> None:
            """If the current item is using ``capsys`` or ``capfd``, activate
            them so they take precedence over the global capture."""
            if self._capture_fixture:
                self._capture_fixture._start()

        def deactivate_fixture(self) -> None:
            """Deactivate the ``capsys`` or ``capfd`` fixture of this item, if any."""
            if self._capture_fixture:
                self._capture_fixture.close()

        def suspend_fixture(self) -> None:
            if self._capture_fixture:
                self._capture_fixture._suspend()

        def resume_fixture(self) -> None:
            if self._capture_fixture:
                self._capture_fixture._resume()

        # Helper context managers

        @contextlib.contextmanager
        def global_and_fixture_disabled(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
            """Context manager to temporarily disable global and current fixture capturing."""
            do_fixture = self._capture_fixture and self._capture_fixture._is_started()
            if do_fixture:
                self.suspend_fixture()
            do_global = self._global_capturing and self._global_capturing.is_started()
            if do_global:
                self.suspend_global_capture()
            try:
                yield
            finally:
                if do_global:
                    self.resume_global_capture()
                if do_fixture:
                    self.resume_fixture()

        @contextlib.contextmanager
        def item_capture(self, when: str, item: Item) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
            self.resume_global_capture()
            self.activate_fixture()
            try:
                yield
            finally:
                self.deactivate_fixture()
                self.suspend_global_capture(in_=False)

            out, err = self.read_global_capture()
            item.add_report_section(when, "stdout", out)
            item.add_report_section(when, "stderr", err)

        # Hooks

        @hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
        def pytest_make_collect_report(self, collector: Collector):
            if isinstance(collector, File):
                self.resume_global_capture()
                outcome = yield
                self.suspend_global_capture()
                out, err = self.read_global_capture()
                rep = outcome.get_result()
                if out:
                    rep.sections.append(("Captured stdout", out))
                if err:
                    rep.sections.append(("Captured stderr", err))
            else:
                yield

        @hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
        def pytest_runtest_setup(self, item: Item) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
            with self.item_capture("setup", item):
                yield

        @hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
        def pytest_runtest_call(self, item: Item) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
            with self.item_capture("call", item):
                yield

        @hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
        def pytest_runtest_teardown(self, item: Item) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
            with self.item_capture("teardown", item):
                yield

        @hookimpl(tryfirst=True)
        def pytest_keyboard_interrupt(self) -> None:
            self.stop_global_capturing()

        @hookimpl(tryfirst=True)
        def pytest_internalerror(self) -> None:
            self.stop_global_capturing()

    class CaptureFixture(Generic[AnyStr]):
        """Object returned by the :fixture:`capsys`, :fixture:`capsysbinary`,
        :fixture:`capfd` and :fixture:`capfdbinary` fixtures."""

        def __init__(
            self, captureclass, request: SubRequest, *, _ispytest: bool = False
        ) -> None:
            check_ispytest(_ispytest)
            self.captureclass = captureclass
            self.request = request
            self._capture: Optional[MultiCapture[AnyStr]] = None
            self._captured_out = self.captureclass.EMPTY_BUFFER
            self._captured_err = self.captureclass.EMPTY_BUFFER

        def _start(self) -> None:
            if self._capture is None:
                self._capture = MultiCapture(
                    in_=None, out=self.captureclass(1), err=self.captureclass(2),
                )
                self._capture.start_capturing()

        def close(self) -> None:
            if self._capture is not None:
                out, err = self._capture.pop_outerr_to_orig()
                self._captured_out += out
                self._captured_err += err
                self._capture.stop_capturing()
                self._capture = None

        def readouterr(self) -> CaptureResult[AnyStr]:
            """Read and return the captured output so far, resetting the internal
            buffer.

            :returns:
                The captured content as a namedtuple with ``out`` and ``err``
                string attributes.
            """
            captured_out, captured_err = self._captured_out, self._captured_err
            if self._capture is not None:
                out, err = self._capture.readouterr()
                captured_out += out
                captured_err += err
            self._captured_out = self.captureclass.EMPTY_BUFFER
            self._captured_err = self.captureclass.EMPTY_BUFFER
            return CaptureResult(captured_out, captured_err)

        def _suspend(self) -> None:
            """Suspend this fixture's own capturing temporarily."""
            if self._capture is not None:
                self._capture.suspend_capturing()

        def _resume(self) -> None:
            """Resume this fixture's own capturing temporarily."""
            if self._capture is not None:
                self._capture.resume_capturing()

        def _is_started(self) -> bool:
            """Whether actively capturing -- not disabled or closed."""
            if self._capture is not None:
                return self._capture.is_started()
            return False

        @contextlib.contextmanager
        def disabled(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
            """Temporarily disable capturing while inside the ``with`` block."""
            capmanager = self.request.config.pluginmanager.getplugin("capturemanager")
            with capmanager.global_and_fixture_disabled():
                yield

    # The fixtures.

    @fixture
    def capsys(request: SubRequest) -> Generator[CaptureFixture[str], None, None]:
        """Enable text capturing of writes to ``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr``.

        The captured output is made available via ``capsys.readouterr()`` method
        calls, which return a ``(out, err)`` namedtuple.
        ``out`` and ``err`` will be ``text`` objects.
        """
        capman = request.config.pluginmanager.getplugin("capturemanager")
        capture_fixture = CaptureFixture[str](SysCapture, request, _ispytest=True)
        capman.set_fixture(capture_fixture)
        capture_fixture._start()
        yield capture_fixture
        capture_fixture.close()
        capman.unset_fixture()

    @fixture
    def capsysbinary(request: SubRequest) -> Generator[CaptureFixture[bytes], None, None]:
        """Enable bytes capturing of writes to ``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr``.

        The captured output is made available via ``capsysbinary.readouterr()``
        method calls, which return a ``(out, err)`` namedtuple.
        ``out`` and ``err`` will be ``bytes`` objects.
        """
        capman = request.config.pluginmanager.getplugin("capturemanager")
        capture_fixture = CaptureFixture[bytes](SysCaptureBinary, request, _ispytest=True)
        capman.set_fixture(capture_fixture)
        capture_fixture._start()
        yield capture_fixture
        capture_fixture.close()
        capman.unset_fixture()

    @fixture
    def capfd(request: SubRequest) -> Generator[CaptureFixture[str], None, None]:
        """Enable text capturing of writes to file descriptors ``1`` and ``2``.

        The captured output is made available via ``capfd.readouterr()`` method
        calls, which return a ``(out, err)`` namedtuple.
        ``out`` and ``err`` will be ``text`` objects.
        """
        capman = request.config.pluginmanager.getplugin("capturemanager")
        capture_fixture = CaptureFixture[str](FDCapture, request, _ispytest=True)
        capman.set_fixture(capture_fixture)
        capture_fixture._start()
        yield capture_fixture
        capture_fixture.close()
        capman.unset_fixture()

    @fixture
    def capfdbinary(request: SubRequest) -> Generator[CaptureFixture[bytes], None, None]:
        """Enable bytes capturing of writes to file descriptors ``1`` and ``2``.

        The captured output is made available via ``capfd.readouterr()`` method
        calls, which return a ``(out, err)`` namedtuple.
        ``out`` and ``err`` will be ``byte`` objects.
        """
        capman = request.config.pluginmanager.getplugin("capturemanager")
        capture_fixture = CaptureFixture[bytes](FDCaptureBinary, request, _ispytest=True)
        capman.set_fixture(capture_fixture)
        capture_fixture._start()
        yield capture_fixture
        capture_fixture.close()
        capman.unset_fixture()