# Source code for _pytest._code.code

    import inspect
    import re
    import sys
    import traceback
    from inspect import CO_VARARGS
    from inspect import CO_VARKEYWORDS
    from io import StringIO
    from pathlib import Path
    from traceback import format_exception_only
    from types import CodeType
    from types import FrameType
    from types import TracebackType
    from typing import Any
    from typing import Callable
    from typing import Dict
    from typing import Generic
    from typing import Iterable
    from typing import List
    from typing import Mapping
    from typing import Optional
    from typing import overload
    from typing import Pattern
    from typing import Sequence
    from typing import Set
    from typing import Tuple
    from typing import Type
    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
    from typing import TypeVar
    from typing import Union
    from weakref import ref

    import attr
    import pluggy
    import py

    import _pytest
    from _pytest._code.source import findsource
    from _pytest._code.source import getrawcode
    from _pytest._code.source import getstatementrange_ast
    from _pytest._code.source import Source
    from _pytest._io import TerminalWriter
    from _pytest._io.saferepr import safeformat
    from _pytest._io.saferepr import saferepr
    from _pytest.compat import final
    from _pytest.compat import get_real_func

    if TYPE_CHECKING:
        from typing_extensions import Literal
        from weakref import ReferenceType

        _TracebackStyle = Literal["long", "short", "line", "no", "native", "value", "auto"]

    class Code:
        """Wrapper around Python code objects."""

        __slots__ = ("raw",)

        def __init__(self, obj: CodeType) -> None:
            self.raw = obj

        @classmethod
        def from_function(cls, obj: object) -> "Code":
            return cls(getrawcode(obj))

        def __eq__(self, other):
            return self.raw == other.raw

        # Ignore type because of https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/4266.
        __hash__ = None  # type: ignore

        @property
        def firstlineno(self) -> int:
            return self.raw.co_firstlineno - 1

        @property
        def name(self) -> str:
            return self.raw.co_name

        @property
        def path(self) -> Union[py.path.local, str]:
            """Return a path object pointing to source code, or an ``str`` in
            case of ``OSError`` / non-existing file."""
            if not self.raw.co_filename:
                return ""
            try:
                p = py.path.local(self.raw.co_filename)
                # maybe don't try this checking
                if not p.check():
                    raise OSError("py.path check failed.")
                return p
            except OSError:
                # XXX maybe try harder like the weird logic
                # in the standard lib [linecache.updatecache] does?
                return self.raw.co_filename

        @property
        def fullsource(self) -> Optional["Source"]:
            """Return a _pytest._code.Source object for the full source file of the code."""
            full, _ = findsource(self.raw)
            return full

        def source(self) -> "Source":
            """Return a _pytest._code.Source object for the code object's source only."""
            # return source only for that part of code
            return Source(self.raw)

        def getargs(self, var: bool = False) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
            """Return a tuple with the argument names for the code object.

            If 'var' is set True also return the names of the variable and
            keyword arguments when present.
            """
            # Handy shortcut for getting args.
            raw = self.raw
            argcount = raw.co_argcount
            if var:
                argcount += raw.co_flags & CO_VARARGS
                argcount += raw.co_flags & CO_VARKEYWORDS
            return raw.co_varnames[:argcount]

    class Frame:
        """Wrapper around a Python frame holding f_locals and f_globals
        in which expressions can be evaluated."""

        __slots__ = ("raw",)

        def __init__(self, frame: FrameType) -> None:
            self.raw = frame

        @property
        def lineno(self) -> int:
            return self.raw.f_lineno - 1

        @property
        def f_globals(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
            return self.raw.f_globals

        @property
        def f_locals(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
            return self.raw.f_locals

        @property
        def code(self) -> Code:
            return Code(self.raw.f_code)

        @property
        def statement(self) -> "Source":
            """Statement this frame is at."""
            if self.code.fullsource is None:
                return Source("")
            return self.code.fullsource.getstatement(self.lineno)

        def eval(self, code, **vars):
            """Evaluate 'code' in the frame.

            'vars' are optional additional local variables.

            Returns the result of the evaluation.
            """
            f_locals = self.f_locals.copy()
            f_locals.update(vars)
            return eval(code, self.f_globals, f_locals)

        def repr(self, object: object) -> str:
            """Return a 'safe' (non-recursive, one-line) string repr for 'object'."""
            return saferepr(object)

        def getargs(self, var: bool = False):
            """Return a list of tuples (name, value) for all arguments.

            If 'var' is set True, also include the variable and keyword arguments
            when present.
            """
            retval = []
            for arg in self.code.getargs(var):
                try:
                    retval.append((arg, self.f_locals[arg]))
                except KeyError:
                    pass  # this can occur when using Psyco
            return retval

    class TracebackEntry:
        """A single entry in a Traceback."""

        __slots__ = ("_rawentry", "_excinfo", "_repr_style")

        def __init__(
            self,
            rawentry: TracebackType,
            excinfo: Optional["ReferenceType[ExceptionInfo[BaseException]]"] = None,
        ) -> None:
            self._rawentry = rawentry
            self._excinfo = excinfo
            self._repr_style: Optional['Literal["short", "long"]'] = None

        @property
        def lineno(self) -> int:
            return self._rawentry.tb_lineno - 1

        def set_repr_style(self, mode: "Literal['short', 'long']") -> None:
            assert mode in ("short", "long")
            self._repr_style = mode

        @property
        def frame(self) -> Frame:
            return Frame(self._rawentry.tb_frame)

        @property
        def relline(self) -> int:
            return self.lineno - self.frame.code.firstlineno

        def __repr__(self) -> str:
            return "<TracebackEntry %s:%d>" % (self.frame.code.path, self.lineno + 1)

        @property
        def statement(self) -> "Source":
            """_pytest._code.Source object for the current statement."""
            source = self.frame.code.fullsource
            assert source is not None
            return source.getstatement(self.lineno)

        @property
        def path(self) -> Union[py.path.local, str]:
            """Path to the source code."""
            return self.frame.code.path

        @property
        def locals(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
            """Locals of underlying frame."""
            return self.frame.f_locals

        def getfirstlinesource(self) -> int:
            return self.frame.code.firstlineno

        def getsource(self, astcache=None) -> Optional["Source"]:
            """Return failing source code."""
            # we use the passed in astcache to not reparse asttrees
            # within exception info printing
            source = self.frame.code.fullsource
            if source is None:
                return None
            key = astnode = None
            if astcache is not None:
                key = self.frame.code.path
                if key is not None:
                    astnode = astcache.get(key, None)
            start = self.getfirstlinesource()
            try:
                astnode, _, end = getstatementrange_ast(
                    self.lineno, source, astnode=astnode
                )
            except SyntaxError:
                end = self.lineno + 1
            else:
                if key is not None:
                    astcache[key] = astnode
            return source[start:end]

        source = property(getsource)

        def ishidden(self) -> bool:
            """Return True if the current frame has a var __tracebackhide__
            resolving to True.

            If __tracebackhide__ is a callable, it gets called with the
            ExceptionInfo instance and can decide whether to hide the traceback.

            Mostly for internal use.
            """
            tbh: Union[bool, Callable[[Optional[ExceptionInfo[BaseException]]], bool]] = (
                False
            )
            for maybe_ns_dct in (self.frame.f_locals, self.frame.f_globals):
                # in normal cases, f_locals and f_globals are dictionaries
                # however via `exec(...)` / `eval(...)` they can be other types
                # (even incorrect types!).
                # as such, we suppress all exceptions while accessing __tracebackhide__
                try:
                    tbh = maybe_ns_dct["__tracebackhide__"]
                except Exception:
                    pass
                else:
                    break
            if tbh and callable(tbh):
                return tbh(None if self._excinfo is None else self._excinfo())
            return tbh

        def __str__(self) -> str:
            name = self.frame.code.name
            try:
                line = str(self.statement).lstrip()
            except KeyboardInterrupt:
                raise
            except BaseException:
                line = "???"
            # This output does not quite match Python's repr for traceback entries,
            # but changing it to do so would break certain plugins.  See
            # https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/pull/7535/ for details.
            return "  File %r:%d in %s\n  %s\n" % (
                str(self.path),
                self.lineno + 1,
                name,
                line,
            )

        @property
        def name(self) -> str:
            """co_name of underlying code."""
            return self.frame.code.raw.co_name

    class Traceback(List[TracebackEntry]):
        """Traceback objects encapsulate and offer higher level access to Traceback entries."""

        def __init__(
            self,
            tb: Union[TracebackType, Iterable[TracebackEntry]],
            excinfo: Optional["ReferenceType[ExceptionInfo[BaseException]]"] = None,
        ) -> None:
            """Initialize from given python traceback object and ExceptionInfo."""
            self._excinfo = excinfo
            if isinstance(tb, TracebackType):

                def f(cur: TracebackType) -> Iterable[TracebackEntry]:
                    cur_: Optional[TracebackType] = cur
                    while cur_ is not None:
                        yield TracebackEntry(cur_, excinfo=excinfo)
                        cur_ = cur_.tb_next

                super().__init__(f(tb))
            else:
                super().__init__(tb)

        def cut(
            self,
            path=None,
            lineno: Optional[int] = None,
            firstlineno: Optional[int] = None,
            excludepath: Optional[py.path.local] = None,
        ) -> "Traceback":
            """Return a Traceback instance wrapping part of this Traceback.

            By providing any combination of path, lineno and firstlineno, the
            first frame to start the to-be-returned traceback is determined.

            This allows cutting the first part of a Traceback instance e.g.
            for formatting reasons (removing some uninteresting bits that deal
            with handling of the exception/traceback).
            """
            for x in self:
                code = x.frame.code
                codepath = code.path
                if (
                    (path is None or codepath == path)
                    and (
                        excludepath is None
                        or not isinstance(codepath, py.path.local)
                        or not codepath.relto(excludepath)
                    )
                    and (lineno is None or x.lineno == lineno)
                    and (firstlineno is None or x.frame.code.firstlineno == firstlineno)
                ):
                    return Traceback(x._rawentry, self._excinfo)
            return self

        @overload
        def __getitem__(self, key: int) -> TracebackEntry:
            ...

        @overload
        def __getitem__(self, key: slice) -> "Traceback":
            ...

        def __getitem__(self, key: Union[int, slice]) -> Union[TracebackEntry, "Traceback"]:
            if isinstance(key, slice):
                return self.__class__(super().__getitem__(key))
            else:
                return super().__getitem__(key)

        def filter(
            self, fn: Callable[[TracebackEntry], bool] = lambda x: not x.ishidden()
        ) -> "Traceback":
            """Return a Traceback instance with certain items removed

            fn is a function that gets a single argument, a TracebackEntry
            instance, and should return True when the item should be added
            to the Traceback, False when not.

            By default this removes all the TracebackEntries which are hidden
            (see ishidden() above).
            """
            return Traceback(filter(fn, self), self._excinfo)

        def getcrashentry(self) -> TracebackEntry:
            """Return last non-hidden traceback entry that lead to the exception of a traceback."""
            for i in range(-1, -len(self) - 1, -1):
                entry = self[i]
                if not entry.ishidden():
                    return entry
            return self[-1]

        def recursionindex(self) -> Optional[int]:
            """Return the index of the frame/TracebackEntry where recursion originates if
            appropriate, None if no recursion occurred."""
            cache: Dict[Tuple[Any, int, int], List[Dict[str, Any]]] = {}
            for i, entry in enumerate(self):
                # id for the code.raw is needed to work around
                # the strange metaprogramming in the decorator lib from pypi
                # which generates code objects that have hash/value equality
                # XXX needs a test
                key = entry.frame.code.path, id(entry.frame.code.raw), entry.lineno
                # print "checking for recursion at", key
                values = cache.setdefault(key, [])
                if values:
                    f = entry.frame
                    loc = f.f_locals
                    for otherloc in values:
                        if f.eval(
                            co_equal,
                            __recursioncache_locals_1=loc,
                            __recursioncache_locals_2=otherloc,
                        ):
                            return i
                values.append(entry.frame.f_locals)
            return None

    co_equal = compile(
        "__recursioncache_locals_1 == __recursioncache_locals_2", "?", "eval"
    )

    _E = TypeVar("_E", bound=BaseException, covariant=True)

    @final
    @attr.s(repr=False)
    class ExceptionInfo(Generic[_E]):
        """Wraps sys.exc_info() objects and offers help for navigating the traceback."""

        _assert_start_repr = "AssertionError('assert "

        _excinfo = attr.ib(type=Optional[Tuple[Type["_E"], "_E", TracebackType]])
        _striptext = attr.ib(type=str, default="")
        _traceback = attr.ib(type=Optional[Traceback], default=None)

        @classmethod
        def from_exc_info(
            cls,
            exc_info: Tuple[Type[_E], _E, TracebackType],
            exprinfo: Optional[str] = None,
        ) -> "ExceptionInfo[_E]":
            """Return an ExceptionInfo for an existing exc_info tuple.

            .. warning::

                Experimental API

            :param exprinfo:
                A text string helping to determine if we should strip
                ``AssertionError`` from the output. Defaults to the exception
                message/``__str__()``.
            """
            _striptext = ""
            if exprinfo is None and isinstance(exc_info[1], AssertionError):
                exprinfo = getattr(exc_info[1], "msg", None)
                if exprinfo is None:
                    exprinfo = saferepr(exc_info[1])
                if exprinfo and exprinfo.startswith(cls._assert_start_repr):
                    _striptext = "AssertionError: "

            return cls(exc_info, _striptext)

        @classmethod
        def from_current(
            cls, exprinfo: Optional[str] = None
        ) -> "ExceptionInfo[BaseException]":
            """Return an ExceptionInfo matching the current traceback.

            .. warning::

                Experimental API

            :param exprinfo:
                A text string helping to determine if we should strip
                ``AssertionError`` from the output. Defaults to the exception
                message/``__str__()``.
            """
            tup = sys.exc_info()
            assert tup[0] is not None, "no current exception"
            assert tup[1] is not None, "no current exception"
            assert tup[2] is not None, "no current exception"
            exc_info = (tup[0], tup[1], tup[2])
            return ExceptionInfo.from_exc_info(exc_info, exprinfo)

        @classmethod
        def for_later(cls) -> "ExceptionInfo[_E]":
            """Return an unfilled ExceptionInfo."""
            return cls(None)

        def fill_unfilled(self, exc_info: Tuple[Type[_E], _E, TracebackType]) -> None:
            """Fill an unfilled ExceptionInfo created with ``for_later()``."""
            assert self._excinfo is None, "ExceptionInfo was already filled"
            self._excinfo = exc_info

        @property
        def type(self) -> Type[_E]:
            """The exception class."""
            assert (
                self._excinfo is not None
            ), ".type can only be used after the context manager exits"
            return self._excinfo[0]

        @property
        def value(self) -> _E:
            """The exception value."""
            assert (
                self._excinfo is not None
            ), ".value can only be used after the context manager exits"
            return self._excinfo[1]

        @property
        def tb(self) -> TracebackType:
            """The exception raw traceback."""
            assert (
                self._excinfo is not None
            ), ".tb can only be used after the context manager exits"
            return self._excinfo[2]

        @property
        def typename(self) -> str:
            """The type name of the exception."""
            assert (
                self._excinfo is not None
            ), ".typename can only be used after the context manager exits"
            return self.type.__name__

        @property
        def traceback(self) -> Traceback:
            """The traceback."""
            if self._traceback is None:
                self._traceback = Traceback(self.tb, excinfo=ref(self))
            return self._traceback

        @traceback.setter
        def traceback(self, value: Traceback) -> None:
            self._traceback = value

        def __repr__(self) -> str:
            if self._excinfo is None:
                return "<ExceptionInfo for raises contextmanager>"
            return "<{} {} tblen={}>".format(
                self.__class__.__name__, saferepr(self._excinfo[1]), len(self.traceback)
            )

        def exconly(self, tryshort: bool = False) -> str:
            """Return the exception as a string.

            When 'tryshort' resolves to True, and the exception is a
            _pytest._code._AssertionError, only the actual exception part of
            the exception representation is returned (so 'AssertionError: ' is
            removed from the beginning).
            """
            lines = format_exception_only(self.type, self.value)
            text = "".join(lines)
            text = text.rstrip()
            if tryshort:
                if text.startswith(self._striptext):
                    text = text[len(self._striptext) :]
            return text

        def errisinstance(
            self, exc: Union[Type[BaseException], Tuple[Type[BaseException], ...]]
        ) -> bool:
            """Return True if the exception is an instance of exc.

            Consider using ``isinstance(excinfo.value, exc)`` instead.
            """
            return isinstance(self.value, exc)

        def _getreprcrash(self) -> "ReprFileLocation":
            exconly = self.exconly(tryshort=True)
            entry = self.traceback.getcrashentry()
            path, lineno = entry.frame.code.raw.co_filename, entry.lineno
            return ReprFileLocation(path, lineno + 1, exconly)

        def getrepr(
            self,
            showlocals: bool = False,
            style: "_TracebackStyle" = "long",
            abspath: bool = False,
            tbfilter: bool = True,
            funcargs: bool = False,
            truncate_locals: bool = True,
            chain: bool = True,
        ) -> Union["ReprExceptionInfo", "ExceptionChainRepr"]:
            """Return str()able representation of this exception info.

            :param bool showlocals:
                Show locals per traceback entry.
                Ignored if ``style=="native"``.

            :param str style:
                long|short|no|native|value traceback style.

            :param bool abspath:
                If paths should be changed to absolute or left unchanged.

            :param bool tbfilter:
                Hide entries that contain a local variable ``__tracebackhide__==True``.
                Ignored if ``style=="native"``.

            :param bool funcargs:
                Show fixtures ("funcargs" for legacy purposes) per traceback entry.

            :param bool truncate_locals:
                With ``showlocals==True``, make sure locals can be safely represented as strings.

            :param bool chain:
                If chained exceptions in Python 3 should be shown.

            .. versionchanged:: 3.9

                Added the ``chain`` parameter.
            """
            if style == "native":
                return ReprExceptionInfo(
                    ReprTracebackNative(
                        traceback.format_exception(
                            self.type, self.value, self.traceback[0]._rawentry
                        )
                    ),
                    self._getreprcrash(),
                )

            fmt = FormattedExcinfo(
                showlocals=showlocals,
                style=style,
                abspath=abspath,
                tbfilter=tbfilter,
                funcargs=funcargs,
                truncate_locals=truncate_locals,
                chain=chain,
            )
            return fmt.repr_excinfo(self)

        def match(self, regexp: Union[str, Pattern[str]]) -> "Literal[True]":
            """Check whether the regular expression `regexp` matches the string
            representation of the exception using :func:`python:re.search`.

            If it matches `True` is returned, otherwise an `AssertionError` is raised.
            """
            __tracebackhide__ = True
            msg = "Regex pattern {!r} does not match {!r}."
            if regexp == str(self.value):
                msg += " Did you mean to `re.escape()` the regex?"
            assert re.search(regexp, str(self.value)), msg.format(regexp, str(self.value))
            # Return True to allow for "assert excinfo.match()".
            return True

    @attr.s
    class FormattedExcinfo:
        """Presenting information about failing Functions and Generators."""

        # for traceback entries
        flow_marker = ">"
        fail_marker = "E"

        showlocals = attr.ib(type=bool, default=False)
        style = attr.ib(type="_TracebackStyle", default="long")
        abspath = attr.ib(type=bool, default=True)
        tbfilter = attr.ib(type=bool, default=True)
        funcargs = attr.ib(type=bool, default=False)
        truncate_locals = attr.ib(type=bool, default=True)
        chain = attr.ib(type=bool, default=True)
        astcache = attr.ib(default=attr.Factory(dict), init=False, repr=False)

        def _getindent(self, source: "Source") -> int:
            # Figure out indent for the given source.
            try:
                s = str(source.getstatement(len(source) - 1))
            except KeyboardInterrupt:
                raise
            except BaseException:
                try:
                    s = str(source[-1])
                except KeyboardInterrupt:
                    raise
                except BaseException:
                    return 0
            return 4 + (len(s) - len(s.lstrip()))

        def _getentrysource(self, entry: TracebackEntry) -> Optional["Source"]:
            source = entry.getsource(self.astcache)
            if source is not None:
                source = source.deindent()
            return source

        def repr_args(self, entry: TracebackEntry) -> Optional["ReprFuncArgs"]:
            if self.funcargs:
                args = []
                for argname, argvalue in entry.frame.getargs(var=True):
                    args.append((argname, saferepr(argvalue)))
                return ReprFuncArgs(args)
            return None

        def get_source(
            self,
            source: Optional["Source"],
            line_index: int = -1,
            excinfo: Optional[ExceptionInfo[BaseException]] = None,
            short: bool = False,
        ) -> List[str]:
            """Return formatted and marked up source lines."""
            lines = []
            if source is None or line_index >= len(source.lines):
                source = Source("???")
                line_index = 0
            if line_index < 0:
                line_index += len(source)
            space_prefix = "    "
            if short:
                lines.append(space_prefix + source.lines[line_index].strip())
            else:
                for line in source.lines[:line_index]:
                    lines.append(space_prefix + line)
                lines.append(self.flow_marker + "   " + source.lines[line_index])
                for line in source.lines[line_index + 1 :]:
                    lines.append(space_prefix + line)
            if excinfo is not None:
                indent = 4 if short else self._getindent(source)
                lines.extend(self.get_exconly(excinfo, indent=indent, markall=True))
            return lines

        def get_exconly(
            self,
            excinfo: ExceptionInfo[BaseException],
            indent: int = 4,
            markall: bool = False,
        ) -> List[str]:
            lines = []
            indentstr = " " * indent
            # Get the real exception information out.
            exlines = excinfo.exconly(tryshort=True).split("\n")
            failindent = self.fail_marker + indentstr[1:]
            for line in exlines:
                lines.append(failindent + line)
                if not markall:
                    failindent = indentstr
            return lines

        def repr_locals(self, locals: Mapping[str, object]) -> Optional["ReprLocals"]:
            if self.showlocals:
                lines = []
                keys = [loc for loc in locals if loc[0] != "@"]
                keys.sort()
                for name in keys:
                    value = locals[name]
                    if name == "__builtins__":
                        lines.append("__builtins__ = <builtins>")
                    else:
                        # This formatting could all be handled by the
                        # _repr() function, which is only reprlib.Repr in
                        # disguise, so is very configurable.
                        if self.truncate_locals:
                            str_repr = saferepr(value)
                        else:
                            str_repr = safeformat(value)
                        # if len(str_repr) < 70 or not isinstance(value, (list, tuple, dict)):
                        lines.append(f"{name:<10} = {str_repr}")
                        # else:
                        #    self._line("%-10s =\\" % (name,))
                        #    # XXX
                        #    pprint.pprint(value, stream=self.excinfowriter)
                return ReprLocals(lines)
            return None

        def repr_traceback_entry(
            self,
            entry: TracebackEntry,
            excinfo: Optional[ExceptionInfo[BaseException]] = None,
        ) -> "ReprEntry":
            lines: List[str] = []
            style = entry._repr_style if entry._repr_style is not None else self.style
            if style in ("short", "long"):
                source = self._getentrysource(entry)
                if source is None:
                    source = Source("???")
                    line_index = 0
                else:
                    line_index = entry.lineno - entry.getfirstlinesource()
                short = style == "short"
                reprargs = self.repr_args(entry) if not short else None
                s = self.get_source(source, line_index, excinfo, short=short)
                lines.extend(s)
                if short:
                    message = "in %s" % (entry.name)
                else:
                    message = excinfo and excinfo.typename or ""
                path = self._makepath(entry.path)
                reprfileloc = ReprFileLocation(path, entry.lineno + 1, message)
                localsrepr = self.repr_locals(entry.locals)
                return ReprEntry(lines, reprargs, localsrepr, reprfileloc, style)
            elif style == "value":
                if excinfo:
                    lines.extend(str(excinfo.value).split("\n"))
                return ReprEntry(lines, None, None, None, style)
            else:
                if excinfo:
                    lines.extend(self.get_exconly(excinfo, indent=4))
                return ReprEntry(lines, None, None, None, style)

        def _makepath(self, path):
            if not self.abspath:
                try:
                    np = py.path.local().bestrelpath(path)
                except OSError:
                    return path
                if len(np) < len(str(path)):
                    path = np
            return path

        def repr_traceback(self, excinfo: ExceptionInfo[BaseException]) -> "ReprTraceback":
            traceback = excinfo.traceback
            if self.tbfilter:
                traceback = traceback.filter()

            if isinstance(excinfo.value, RecursionError):
                traceback, extraline = self._truncate_recursive_traceback(traceback)
            else:
                extraline = None

            last = traceback[-1]
            entries = []
            if self.style == "value":
                reprentry = self.repr_traceback_entry(last, excinfo)
                entries.append(reprentry)
                return ReprTraceback(entries, None, style=self.style)

            for index, entry in enumerate(traceback):
                einfo = (last == entry) and excinfo or None
                reprentry = self.repr_traceback_entry(entry, einfo)
                entries.append(reprentry)
            return ReprTraceback(entries, extraline, style=self.style)

        def _truncate_recursive_traceback(
            self, traceback: Traceback
        ) -> Tuple[Traceback, Optional[str]]:
            """Truncate the given recursive traceback trying to find the starting
            point of the recursion.

            The detection is done by going through each traceback entry and
            finding the point in which the locals of the frame are equal to the
            locals of a previous frame (see ``recursionindex()``).

            Handle the situation where the recursion process might raise an
            exception (for example comparing numpy arrays using equality raises a
            TypeError), in which case we do our best to warn the user of the
            error and show a limited traceback.
            """
            try:
                recursionindex = traceback.recursionindex()
            except Exception as e:
                max_frames = 10
                extraline: Optional[str] = (
                    "!!! Recursion error detected, but an error occurred locating the origin of recursion.\n"
                    "  The following exception happened when comparing locals in the stack frame:\n"
                    "    {exc_type}: {exc_msg}\n"
                    "  Displaying first and last {max_frames} stack frames out of {total}."
                ).format(
                    exc_type=type(e).__name__,
                    exc_msg=str(e),
                    max_frames=max_frames,
                    total=len(traceback),
                )
                # Type ignored because adding two instaces of a List subtype
                # currently incorrectly has type List instead of the subtype.
                traceback = traceback[:max_frames] + traceback[-max_frames:]  # type: ignore
            else:
                if recursionindex is not None:
                    extraline = "!!! Recursion detected (same locals & position)"
                    traceback = traceback[: recursionindex + 1]
                else:
                    extraline = None

            return traceback, extraline

        def repr_excinfo(
            self, excinfo: ExceptionInfo[BaseException]
        ) -> "ExceptionChainRepr":
            repr_chain: List[
                Tuple[ReprTraceback, Optional[ReprFileLocation], Optional[str]]
            ] = []
            e: Optional[BaseException] = excinfo.value
            excinfo_: Optional[ExceptionInfo[BaseException]] = excinfo
            descr = None
            seen: Set[int] = set()
            while e is not None and id(e) not in seen:
                seen.add(id(e))
                if excinfo_:
                    reprtraceback = self.repr_traceback(excinfo_)
                    reprcrash: Optional[ReprFileLocation] = (
                        excinfo_._getreprcrash() if self.style != "value" else None
                    )
                else:
                    # Fallback to native repr if the exception doesn't have a traceback:
                    # ExceptionInfo objects require a full traceback to work.
                    reprtraceback = ReprTracebackNative(
                        traceback.format_exception(type(e), e, None)
                    )
                    reprcrash = None

                repr_chain += [(reprtraceback, reprcrash, descr)]
                if e.__cause__ is not None and self.chain:
                    e = e.__cause__
                    excinfo_ = (
                        ExceptionInfo((type(e), e, e.__traceback__))
                        if e.__traceback__
                        else None
                    )
                    descr = "The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:"
                elif (
                    e.__context__ is not None and not e.__suppress_context__ and self.chain
                ):
                    e = e.__context__
                    excinfo_ = (
                        ExceptionInfo((type(e), e, e.__traceback__))
                        if e.__traceback__
                        else None
                    )
                    descr = "During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:"
                else:
                    e = None
            repr_chain.reverse()
            return ExceptionChainRepr(repr_chain)

    @attr.s(eq=False)
    class TerminalRepr:
        def __str__(self) -> str:
            # FYI this is called from pytest-xdist's serialization of exception
            # information.
            io = StringIO()
            tw = TerminalWriter(file=io)
            self.toterminal(tw)
            return io.getvalue().strip()

        def __repr__(self) -> str:
            return "<{} instance at {:0x}>".format(self.__class__, id(self))

        def toterminal(self, tw: TerminalWriter) -> None:
            raise NotImplementedError()

    # This class is abstract -- only subclasses are instantiated.
    @attr.s(eq=False)
    class ExceptionRepr(TerminalRepr):
        # Provided by subclasses.
        reprcrash: Optional["ReprFileLocation"]
        reprtraceback: "ReprTraceback"

        def __attrs_post_init__(self) -> None:
            self.sections: List[Tuple[str, str, str]] = []

        def addsection(self, name: str, content: str, sep: str = "-") -> None:
            self.sections.append((name, content, sep))

        def toterminal(self, tw: TerminalWriter) -> None:
            for name, content, sep in self.sections:
                tw.sep(sep, name)
                tw.line(content)

    @attr.s(eq=False)
    class ExceptionChainRepr(ExceptionRepr):
        chain = attr.ib(
            type=Sequence[
                Tuple["ReprTraceback", Optional["ReprFileLocation"], Optional[str]]
            ]
        )

        def __attrs_post_init__(self) -> None:
            super().__attrs_post_init__()
            # reprcrash and reprtraceback of the outermost (the newest) exception
            # in the chain.
            self.reprtraceback = self.chain[-1][0]
            self.reprcrash = self.chain[-1][1]

        def toterminal(self, tw: TerminalWriter) -> None:
            for element in self.chain:
                element[0].toterminal(tw)
                if element[2] is not None:
                    tw.line("")
                    tw.line(element[2], yellow=True)
            super().toterminal(tw)

    @attr.s(eq=False)
    class ReprExceptionInfo(ExceptionRepr):
        reprtraceback = attr.ib(type="ReprTraceback")
        reprcrash = attr.ib(type="ReprFileLocation")

        def toterminal(self, tw: TerminalWriter) -> None:
            self.reprtraceback.toterminal(tw)
            super().toterminal(tw)

    @attr.s(eq=False)
    class ReprTraceback(TerminalRepr):
        reprentries = attr.ib(type=Sequence[Union["ReprEntry", "ReprEntryNative"]])
        extraline = attr.ib(type=Optional[str])
        style = attr.ib(type="_TracebackStyle")

        entrysep = "_ "

        def toterminal(self, tw: TerminalWriter) -> None:
            # The entries might have different styles.
            for i, entry in enumerate(self.reprentries):
                if entry.style == "long":
                    tw.line("")
                entry.toterminal(tw)
                if i < len(self.reprentries) - 1:
                    next_entry = self.reprentries[i + 1]
                    if (
                        entry.style == "long"
                        or entry.style == "short"
                        and next_entry.style == "long"
                    ):
                        tw.sep(self.entrysep)

            if self.extraline:
                tw.line(self.extraline)

    class ReprTracebackNative(ReprTraceback):
        def __init__(self, tblines: Sequence[str]) -> None:
            self.style = "native"
            self.reprentries = [ReprEntryNative(tblines)]
            self.extraline = None

    @attr.s(eq=False)
    class ReprEntryNative(TerminalRepr):
        lines = attr.ib(type=Sequence[str])
        style: "_TracebackStyle" = "native"

        def toterminal(self, tw: TerminalWriter) -> None:
            tw.write("".join(self.lines))

    @attr.s(eq=False)
    class ReprEntry(TerminalRepr):
        lines = attr.ib(type=Sequence[str])
        reprfuncargs = attr.ib(type=Optional["ReprFuncArgs"])
        reprlocals = attr.ib(type=Optional["ReprLocals"])
        reprfileloc = attr.ib(type=Optional["ReprFileLocation"])
        style = attr.ib(type="_TracebackStyle")

        def _write_entry_lines(self, tw: TerminalWriter) -> None:
            """Write the source code portions of a list of traceback entries with syntax highlighting.

            Usually entries are lines like these:

                "     x = 1"
                ">    assert x == 2"
                "E    assert 1 == 2"

            This function takes care of rendering the "source" portions of it (the lines without
            the "E" prefix) using syntax highlighting, taking care to not highlighting the ">"
            character, as doing so might break line continuations.
            """

            if not self.lines:
                return

            # separate indents and source lines that are not failures: we want to
            # highlight the code but not the indentation, which may contain markers
            # such as ">   assert 0"
            fail_marker = f"{FormattedExcinfo.fail_marker}   "
            indent_size = len(fail_marker)
            indents: List[str] = []
            source_lines: List[str] = []
            failure_lines: List[str] = []
            for index, line in enumerate(self.lines):
                is_failure_line = line.startswith(fail_marker)
                if is_failure_line:
                    # from this point on all lines are considered part of the failure
                    failure_lines.extend(self.lines[index:])
                    break
                else:
                    if self.style == "value":
                        source_lines.append(line)
                    else:
                        indents.append(line[:indent_size])
                        source_lines.append(line[indent_size:])

            tw._write_source(source_lines, indents)

            # failure lines are always completely red and bold
            for line in failure_lines:
                tw.line(line, bold=True, red=True)

        def toterminal(self, tw: TerminalWriter) -> None:
            if self.style == "short":
                assert self.reprfileloc is not None
                self.reprfileloc.toterminal(tw)
                self._write_entry_lines(tw)
                if self.reprlocals:
                    self.reprlocals.toterminal(tw, indent=" " * 8)
                return

            if self.reprfuncargs:
                self.reprfuncargs.toterminal(tw)

            self._write_entry_lines(tw)

            if self.reprlocals:
                tw.line("")
                self.reprlocals.toterminal(tw)
            if self.reprfileloc:
                if self.lines:
                    tw.line("")
                self.reprfileloc.toterminal(tw)

        def __str__(self) -> str:
            return "{}\n{}\n{}".format(
                "\n".join(self.lines), self.reprlocals, self.reprfileloc
            )

    @attr.s(eq=False)
    class ReprFileLocation(TerminalRepr):
        path = attr.ib(type=str, converter=str)
        lineno = attr.ib(type=int)
        message = attr.ib(type=str)

        def toterminal(self, tw: TerminalWriter) -> None:
            # Filename and lineno output for each entry, using an output format
            # that most editors understand.
            msg = self.message
            i = msg.find("\n")
            if i != -1:
                msg = msg[:i]
            tw.write(self.path, bold=True, red=True)
            tw.line(f":{self.lineno}: {msg}")

    @attr.s(eq=False)
    class ReprLocals(TerminalRepr):
        lines = attr.ib(type=Sequence[str])

        def toterminal(self, tw: TerminalWriter, indent="") -> None:
            for line in self.lines:
                tw.line(indent + line)

    @attr.s(eq=False)
    class ReprFuncArgs(TerminalRepr):
        args = attr.ib(type=Sequence[Tuple[str, object]])

        def toterminal(self, tw: TerminalWriter) -> None:
            if self.args:
                linesofar = ""
                for name, value in self.args:
                    ns = f"{name} = {value}"
                    if len(ns) + len(linesofar) + 2 > tw.fullwidth:
                        if linesofar:
                            tw.line(linesofar)
                        linesofar = ns
                    else:
                        if linesofar:
                            linesofar += ", " + ns
                        else:
                            linesofar = ns
                if linesofar:
                    tw.line(linesofar)
                tw.line("")

    def getfslineno(obj: object) -> Tuple[Union[str, py.path.local], int]:
        """Return source location (path, lineno) for the given object.

        If the source cannot be determined return ("", -1).

        The line number is 0-based.
        """
        # xxx let decorators etc specify a sane ordering
        # NOTE: this used to be done in _pytest.compat.getfslineno, initially added
        #       in 6ec13a2b9.  It ("place_as") appears to be something very custom.
        obj = get_real_func(obj)
        if hasattr(obj, "place_as"):
            obj = obj.place_as  # type: ignore[attr-defined]

        try:
            code = Code.from_function(obj)
        except TypeError:
            try:
                fn = inspect.getsourcefile(obj) or inspect.getfile(obj)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
            except TypeError:
                return "", -1

            fspath = fn and py.path.local(fn) or ""
            lineno = -1
            if fspath:
                try:
                    _, lineno = findsource(obj)
                except OSError:
                    pass
            return fspath, lineno

        return code.path, code.firstlineno

    # Relative paths that we use to filter traceback entries from appearing to the user;
    # see filter_traceback.
    # note: if we need to add more paths than what we have now we should probably use a list
    # for better maintenance.

    _PLUGGY_DIR = Path(pluggy.__file__.rstrip("oc"))
    # pluggy is either a package or a single module depending on the version
    if _PLUGGY_DIR.name == "__init__.py":
        _PLUGGY_DIR = _PLUGGY_DIR.parent
    _PYTEST_DIR = Path(_pytest.__file__).parent
    _PY_DIR = Path(py.__file__).parent

    def filter_traceback(entry: TracebackEntry) -> bool:
        """Return True if a TracebackEntry instance should be included in tracebacks.

        We hide traceback entries of:

        * dynamically generated code (no code to show up for it);
        * internal traceback from pytest or its internal libraries, py and pluggy.
        """
        # entry.path might sometimes return a str object when the entry
        # points to dynamically generated code.
        # See https://bitbucket.org/pytest-dev/py/issues/71.
        raw_filename = entry.frame.code.raw.co_filename
        is_generated = "<" in raw_filename and ">" in raw_filename
        if is_generated:
            return False

        # entry.path might point to a non-existing file, in which case it will
        # also return a str object. See #1133.
        p = Path(entry.path)

        parents = p.parents
        if _PLUGGY_DIR in parents:
            return False
        if _PYTEST_DIR in parents:
            return False
        if _PY_DIR in parents:
            return False

        return True