# Source code for _pytest.config

    """Command line options, ini-file and conftest.py processing."""
    import argparse
    import collections.abc
    import contextlib
    import copy
    import enum
    import inspect
    import os
    import re
    import shlex
    import sys
    import types
    import warnings
    from functools import lru_cache
    from pathlib import Path
    from types import TracebackType
    from typing import Any
    from typing import Callable
    from typing import Dict
    from typing import Generator
    from typing import IO
    from typing import Iterable
    from typing import Iterator
    from typing import List
    from typing import Optional
    from typing import Sequence
    from typing import Set
    from typing import TextIO
    from typing import Tuple
    from typing import Type
    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
    from typing import Union

    import attr
    import py
    from pluggy import HookimplMarker
    from pluggy import HookspecMarker
    from pluggy import PluginManager

    import _pytest._code
    import _pytest.deprecated
    import _pytest.hookspec
    from .exceptions import PrintHelp as PrintHelp
    from .exceptions import UsageError as UsageError
    from .findpaths import determine_setup
    from _pytest._code import ExceptionInfo
    from _pytest._code import filter_traceback
    from _pytest._io import TerminalWriter
    from _pytest.compat import final
    from _pytest.compat import importlib_metadata
    from _pytest.outcomes import fail
    from _pytest.outcomes import Skipped
    from _pytest.pathlib import bestrelpath
    from _pytest.pathlib import import_path
    from _pytest.pathlib import ImportMode
    from _pytest.store import Store
    from _pytest.warning_types import PytestConfigWarning

    if TYPE_CHECKING:

        from _pytest._code.code import _TracebackStyle
        from _pytest.terminal import TerminalReporter
        from .argparsing import Argument

    _PluggyPlugin = object
    """A type to represent plugin objects.

    Plugins can be any namespace, so we can't narrow it down much, but we use an
    alias to make the intent clear.

    Ideally this type would be provided by pluggy itself.
    """

    hookimpl = HookimplMarker("pytest")
    hookspec = HookspecMarker("pytest")

    @final
    class ExitCode(enum.IntEnum):
        """Encodes the valid exit codes by pytest.

        Currently users and plugins may supply other exit codes as well.

        .. versionadded:: 5.0
        """

        #: Tests passed.
        OK = 0
        #: Tests failed.
        TESTS_FAILED = 1
        #: pytest was interrupted.
        INTERRUPTED = 2
        #: An internal error got in the way.
        INTERNAL_ERROR = 3
        #: pytest was misused.
        USAGE_ERROR = 4
        #: pytest couldn't find tests.
        NO_TESTS_COLLECTED = 5

    class ConftestImportFailure(Exception):
        def __init__(
            self,
            path: py.path.local,
            excinfo: Tuple[Type[Exception], Exception, TracebackType],
        ) -> None:
            super().__init__(path, excinfo)
            self.path = path
            self.excinfo = excinfo

        def __str__(self) -> str:
            return "{}: {} (from {})".format(
                self.excinfo[0].__name__, self.excinfo[1], self.path
            )

    def filter_traceback_for_conftest_import_failure(
        entry: _pytest._code.TracebackEntry,
    ) -> bool:
        """Filter tracebacks entries which point to pytest internals or importlib.

        Make a special case for importlib because we use it to import test modules and conftest files
        in _pytest.pathlib.import_path.
        """
        return filter_traceback(entry) and "importlib" not in str(entry.path).split(os.sep)

    def main(
        args: Optional[Union[List[str], py.path.local]] = None,
        plugins: Optional[Sequence[Union[str, _PluggyPlugin]]] = None,
    ) -> Union[int, ExitCode]:
        """Perform an in-process test run.

        :param args: List of command line arguments.
        :param plugins: List of plugin objects to be auto-registered during initialization.

        :returns: An exit code.
        """
        try:
            try:
                config = _prepareconfig(args, plugins)
            except ConftestImportFailure as e:
                exc_info = ExceptionInfo(e.excinfo)
                tw = TerminalWriter(sys.stderr)
                tw.line(f"ImportError while loading conftest '{e.path}'.", red=True)
                exc_info.traceback = exc_info.traceback.filter(
                    filter_traceback_for_conftest_import_failure
                )
                exc_repr = (
                    exc_info.getrepr(style="short", chain=False)
                    if exc_info.traceback
                    else exc_info.exconly()
                )
                formatted_tb = str(exc_repr)
                for line in formatted_tb.splitlines():
                    tw.line(line.rstrip(), red=True)
                return ExitCode.USAGE_ERROR
            else:
                try:
                    ret: Union[ExitCode, int] = config.hook.pytest_cmdline_main(
                        config=config
                    )
                    try:
                        return ExitCode(ret)
                    except ValueError:
                        return ret
                finally:
                    config._ensure_unconfigure()
        except UsageError as e:
            tw = TerminalWriter(sys.stderr)
            for msg in e.args:
                tw.line(f"ERROR: {msg}\n", red=True)
            return ExitCode.USAGE_ERROR

    def console_main() -> int:
        """The CLI entry point of pytest.

        This function is not meant for programmable use; use `main()` instead.
        """
        # https://docs.python.org/3/library/signal.html#note-on-sigpipe
        try:
            code = main()
            sys.stdout.flush()
            return code
        except BrokenPipeError:
            # Python flushes standard streams on exit; redirect remaining output
            # to devnull to avoid another BrokenPipeError at shutdown
            devnull = os.open(os.devnull, os.O_WRONLY)
            os.dup2(devnull, sys.stdout.fileno())
            return 1  # Python exits with error code 1 on EPIPE

    class cmdline:  # compatibility namespace
        main = staticmethod(main)

    def filename_arg(path: str, optname: str) -> str:
        """Argparse type validator for filename arguments.

        :path: Path of filename.
        :optname: Name of the option.
        """
        if os.path.isdir(path):
            raise UsageError(f"{optname} must be a filename, given: {path}")
        return path

    def directory_arg(path: str, optname: str) -> str:
        """Argparse type validator for directory arguments.

        :path: Path of directory.
        :optname: Name of the option.
        """
        if not os.path.isdir(path):
            raise UsageError(f"{optname} must be a directory, given: {path}")
        return path

    # Plugins that cannot be disabled via "-p no:X" currently.
    essential_plugins = (
        "mark",
        "main",
        "runner",
        "fixtures",
        "helpconfig",  # Provides -p.
    )

    default_plugins = essential_plugins + (
        "python",
        "terminal",
        "debugging",
        "unittest",
        "capture",
        "skipping",
        "tmpdir",
        "monkeypatch",
        "recwarn",
        "pastebin",
        "nose",
        "assertion",
        "junitxml",
        "doctest",
        "cacheprovider",
        "freeze_support",
        "setuponly",
        "setupplan",
        "stepwise",
        "warnings",
        "logging",
        "reports",
        *(["unraisableexception", "threadexception"] if sys.version_info >= (3, 8) else []),
        "faulthandler",
    )

    builtin_plugins = set(default_plugins)
    builtin_plugins.add("pytester")
    builtin_plugins.add("pytester_assertions")

    def get_config(
        args: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        plugins: Optional[Sequence[Union[str, _PluggyPlugin]]] = None,
    ) -> "Config":
        # subsequent calls to main will create a fresh instance
        pluginmanager = PytestPluginManager()
        config = Config(
            pluginmanager,
            invocation_params=Config.InvocationParams(
                args=args or (), plugins=plugins, dir=Path.cwd(),
            ),
        )

        if args is not None:
            # Handle any "-p no:plugin" args.
            pluginmanager.consider_preparse(args, exclude_only=True)

        for spec in default_plugins:
            pluginmanager.import_plugin(spec)

        return config

    def get_plugin_manager() -> "PytestPluginManager":
        """Obtain a new instance of the
        :py:class:`_pytest.config.PytestPluginManager`, with default plugins
        already loaded.

        This function can be used by integration with other tools, like hooking
        into pytest to run tests into an IDE.
        """
        return get_config().pluginmanager

    def _prepareconfig(
        args: Optional[Union[py.path.local, List[str]]] = None,
        plugins: Optional[Sequence[Union[str, _PluggyPlugin]]] = None,
    ) -> "Config":
        if args is None:
            args = sys.argv[1:]
        elif isinstance(args, py.path.local):
            args = [str(args)]
        elif not isinstance(args, list):
            msg = "`args` parameter expected to be a list of strings, got: {!r} (type: {})"
            raise TypeError(msg.format(args, type(args)))

        config = get_config(args, plugins)
        pluginmanager = config.pluginmanager
        try:
            if plugins:
                for plugin in plugins:
                    if isinstance(plugin, str):
                        pluginmanager.consider_pluginarg(plugin)
                    else:
                        pluginmanager.register(plugin)
            config = pluginmanager.hook.pytest_cmdline_parse(
                pluginmanager=pluginmanager, args=args
            )
            return config
        except BaseException:
            config._ensure_unconfigure()
            raise

    @final
    class PytestPluginManager(PluginManager):
        """A :py:class:`pluggy.PluginManager <pluggy.PluginManager>` with
        additional pytest-specific functionality:

        * Loading plugins from the command line, ``PYTEST_PLUGINS`` env variable and
          ``pytest_plugins`` global variables found in plugins being loaded.
        * ``conftest.py`` loading during start-up.
        """

        def __init__(self) -> None:
            import _pytest.assertion

            super().__init__("pytest")
            # The objects are module objects, only used generically.
            self._conftest_plugins: Set[types.ModuleType] = set()

            # State related to local conftest plugins.
            self._dirpath2confmods: Dict[py.path.local, List[types.ModuleType]] = {}
            self._conftestpath2mod: Dict[Path, types.ModuleType] = {}
            self._confcutdir: Optional[py.path.local] = None
            self._noconftest = False
            self._duplicatepaths: Set[py.path.local] = set()

            # plugins that were explicitly skipped with pytest.skip
            # list of (module name, skip reason)
            # previously we would issue a warning when a plugin was skipped, but
            # since we refactored warnings as first citizens of Config, they are
            # just stored here to be used later.
            self.skipped_plugins: List[Tuple[str, str]] = []

            self.add_hookspecs(_pytest.hookspec)
            self.register(self)
            if os.environ.get("PYTEST_DEBUG"):
                err: IO[str] = sys.stderr
                encoding: str = getattr(err, "encoding", "utf8")
                try:
                    err = open(
                        os.dup(err.fileno()), mode=err.mode, buffering=1, encoding=encoding,
                    )
                except Exception:
                    pass
                self.trace.root.setwriter(err.write)
                self.enable_tracing()

            # Config._consider_importhook will set a real object if required.
            self.rewrite_hook = _pytest.assertion.DummyRewriteHook()
            # Used to know when we are importing conftests after the pytest_configure stage.
            self._configured = False

        def parse_hookimpl_opts(self, plugin: _PluggyPlugin, name: str):
            # pytest hooks are always prefixed with "pytest_",
            # so we avoid accessing possibly non-readable attributes
            # (see issue #1073).
            if not name.startswith("pytest_"):
                return
            # Ignore names which can not be hooks.
            if name == "pytest_plugins":
                return

            method = getattr(plugin, name)
            opts = super().parse_hookimpl_opts(plugin, name)

            # Consider only actual functions for hooks (#3775).
            if not inspect.isroutine(method):
                return

            # Collect unmarked hooks as long as they have the `pytest_' prefix.
            if opts is None and name.startswith("pytest_"):
                opts = {}
            if opts is not None:
                # TODO: DeprecationWarning, people should use hookimpl
                # https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/4562
                known_marks = {m.name for m in getattr(method, "pytestmark", [])}

                for name in ("tryfirst", "trylast", "optionalhook", "hookwrapper"):
                    opts.setdefault(name, hasattr(method, name) or name in known_marks)
            return opts

        def parse_hookspec_opts(self, module_or_class, name: str):
            opts = super().parse_hookspec_opts(module_or_class, name)
            if opts is None:
                method = getattr(module_or_class, name)

                if name.startswith("pytest_"):
                    # todo: deprecate hookspec hacks
                    # https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/4562
                    known_marks = {m.name for m in getattr(method, "pytestmark", [])}
                    opts = {
                        "firstresult": hasattr(method, "firstresult")
                        or "firstresult" in known_marks,
                        "historic": hasattr(method, "historic")
                        or "historic" in known_marks,
                    }
            return opts

        def register(
            self, plugin: _PluggyPlugin, name: Optional[str] = None
        ) -> Optional[str]:
            if name in _pytest.deprecated.DEPRECATED_EXTERNAL_PLUGINS:
                warnings.warn(
                    PytestConfigWarning(
                        "{} plugin has been merged into the core, "
                        "please remove it from your requirements.".format(
                            name.replace("_", "-")
                        )
                    )
                )
                return None
            ret: Optional[str] = super().register(plugin, name)
            if ret:
                self.hook.pytest_plugin_registered.call_historic(
                    kwargs=dict(plugin=plugin, manager=self)
                )

                if isinstance(plugin, types.ModuleType):
                    self.consider_module(plugin)
            return ret

        def getplugin(self, name: str):
            # Support deprecated naming because plugins (xdist e.g.) use it.
            plugin: Optional[_PluggyPlugin] = self.get_plugin(name)
            return plugin

        def hasplugin(self, name: str) -> bool:
            """Return whether a plugin with the given name is registered."""
            return bool(self.get_plugin(name))

        def pytest_configure(self, config: "Config") -> None:
            """:meta private:"""
            # XXX now that the pluginmanager exposes hookimpl(tryfirst...)
            # we should remove tryfirst/trylast as markers.
            config.addinivalue_line(
                "markers",
                "tryfirst: mark a hook implementation function such that the "
                "plugin machinery will try to call it first/as early as possible.",
            )
            config.addinivalue_line(
                "markers",
                "trylast: mark a hook implementation function such that the "
                "plugin machinery will try to call it last/as late as possible.",
            )
            self._configured = True

        #
        # Internal API for local conftest plugin handling.
        #
        def _set_initial_conftests(self, namespace: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
            """Load initial conftest files given a preparsed "namespace".

            As conftest files may add their own command line options which have
            arguments ('--my-opt somepath') we might get some false positives.
            All builtin and 3rd party plugins will have been loaded, however, so
            common options will not confuse our logic here.
            """
            current = py.path.local()
            self._confcutdir = (
                current.join(namespace.confcutdir, abs=True)
                if namespace.confcutdir
                else None
            )
            self._noconftest = namespace.noconftest
            self._using_pyargs = namespace.pyargs
            testpaths = namespace.file_or_dir
            foundanchor = False
            for testpath in testpaths:
                path = str(testpath)
                # remove node-id syntax
                i = path.find("::")
                if i != -1:
                    path = path[:i]
                anchor = current.join(path, abs=1)
                if anchor.exists():  # we found some file object
                    self._try_load_conftest(anchor, namespace.importmode)
                    foundanchor = True
            if not foundanchor:
                self._try_load_conftest(current, namespace.importmode)

        def _try_load_conftest(
            self, anchor: py.path.local, importmode: Union[str, ImportMode]
        ) -> None:
            self._getconftestmodules(anchor, importmode)
            # let's also consider test* subdirs
            if anchor.check(dir=1):
                for x in anchor.listdir("test*"):
                    if x.check(dir=1):
                        self._getconftestmodules(x, importmode)

        @lru_cache(maxsize=128)
        def _getconftestmodules(
            self, path: py.path.local, importmode: Union[str, ImportMode],
        ) -> List[types.ModuleType]:
            if self._noconftest:
                return []

            if path.isfile():
                directory = path.dirpath()
            else:
                directory = path

            # XXX these days we may rather want to use config.rootpath
            # and allow users to opt into looking into the rootdir parent
            # directories instead of requiring to specify confcutdir.
            clist = []
            for parent in directory.parts():
                if self._confcutdir and self._confcutdir.relto(parent):
                    continue
                conftestpath = parent.join("conftest.py")
                if conftestpath.isfile():
                    mod = self._importconftest(conftestpath, importmode)
                    clist.append(mod)
            self._dirpath2confmods[directory] = clist
            return clist

        def _rget_with_confmod(
            self, name: str, path: py.path.local, importmode: Union[str, ImportMode],
        ) -> Tuple[types.ModuleType, Any]:
            modules = self._getconftestmodules(path, importmode)
            for mod in reversed(modules):
                try:
                    return mod, getattr(mod, name)
                except AttributeError:
                    continue
            raise KeyError(name)

        def _importconftest(
            self, conftestpath: py.path.local, importmode: Union[str, ImportMode],
        ) -> types.ModuleType:
            # Use a resolved Path object as key to avoid loading the same conftest
            # twice with build systems that create build directories containing
            # symlinks to actual files.
            # Using Path().resolve() is better than py.path.realpath because
            # it resolves to the correct path/drive in case-insensitive file systems (#5792)
            key = Path(str(conftestpath)).resolve()

            with contextlib.suppress(KeyError):
                return self._conftestpath2mod[key]

            pkgpath = conftestpath.pypkgpath()
            if pkgpath is None:
                _ensure_removed_sysmodule(conftestpath.purebasename)

            try:
                mod = import_path(conftestpath, mode=importmode)
            except Exception as e:
                assert e.__traceback__ is not None
                exc_info = (type(e), e, e.__traceback__)
                raise ConftestImportFailure(conftestpath, exc_info) from e

            self._check_non_top_pytest_plugins(mod, conftestpath)

            self._conftest_plugins.add(mod)
            self._conftestpath2mod[key] = mod
            dirpath = conftestpath.dirpath()
            if dirpath in self._dirpath2confmods:
                for path, mods in self._dirpath2confmods.items():
                    if path and path.relto(dirpath) or path == dirpath:
                        assert mod not in mods
                        mods.append(mod)
            self.trace(f"loading conftestmodule {mod!r}")
            self.consider_conftest(mod)
            return mod

        def _check_non_top_pytest_plugins(
            self, mod: types.ModuleType, conftestpath: py.path.local,
        ) -> None:
            if (
                hasattr(mod, "pytest_plugins")
                and self._configured
                and not self._using_pyargs
            ):
                msg = (
                    "Defining 'pytest_plugins' in a non-top-level conftest is no longer supported:\n"
                    "It affects the entire test suite instead of just below the conftest as expected.\n"
                    "  {}\n"
                    "Please move it to a top level conftest file at the rootdir:\n"
                    "  {}\n"
                    "For more information, visit:\n"
                    "  https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/deprecations.html#pytest-plugins-in-non-top-level-conftest-files"
                )
                fail(msg.format(conftestpath, self._confcutdir), pytrace=False)

        #
        # API for bootstrapping plugin loading
        #
        #

        def consider_preparse(
            self, args: Sequence[str], *, exclude_only: bool = False
        ) -> None:
            i = 0
            n = len(args)
            while i < n:
                opt = args[i]
                i += 1
                if isinstance(opt, str):
                    if opt == "-p":
                        try:
                            parg = args[i]
                        except IndexError:
                            return
                        i += 1
                    elif opt.startswith("-p"):
                        parg = opt[2:]
                    else:
                        continue
                    if exclude_only and not parg.startswith("no:"):
                        continue
                    self.consider_pluginarg(parg)

        def consider_pluginarg(self, arg: str) -> None:
            if arg.startswith("no:"):
                name = arg[3:]
                if name in essential_plugins:
                    raise UsageError("plugin %s cannot be disabled" % name)

                # PR #4304: remove stepwise if cacheprovider is blocked.
                if name == "cacheprovider":
                    self.set_blocked("stepwise")
                    self.set_blocked("pytest_stepwise")

                self.set_blocked(name)
                if not name.startswith("pytest_"):
                    self.set_blocked("pytest_" + name)
            else:
                name = arg
                # Unblock the plugin.  None indicates that it has been blocked.
                # There is no interface with pluggy for this.
                if self._name2plugin.get(name, -1) is None:
                    del self._name2plugin[name]
                if not name.startswith("pytest_"):
                    if self._name2plugin.get("pytest_" + name, -1) is None:
                        del self._name2plugin["pytest_" + name]
                self.import_plugin(arg, consider_entry_points=True)

        def consider_conftest(self, conftestmodule: types.ModuleType) -> None:
            self.register(conftestmodule, name=conftestmodule.__file__)

        def consider_env(self) -> None:
            self._import_plugin_specs(os.environ.get("PYTEST_PLUGINS"))

        def consider_module(self, mod: types.ModuleType) -> None:
            self._import_plugin_specs(getattr(mod, "pytest_plugins", []))

        def _import_plugin_specs(
            self, spec: Union[None, types.ModuleType, str, Sequence[str]]
        ) -> None:
            plugins = _get_plugin_specs_as_list(spec)
            for import_spec in plugins:
                self.import_plugin(import_spec)

        def import_plugin(self, modname: str, consider_entry_points: bool = False) -> None:
            """Import a plugin with ``modname``.

            If ``consider_entry_points`` is True, entry point names are also
            considered to find a plugin.
            """
            # Most often modname refers to builtin modules, e.g. "pytester",
            # "terminal" or "capture".  Those plugins are registered under their
            # basename for historic purposes but must be imported with the
            # _pytest prefix.
            assert isinstance(modname, str), (
                "module name as text required, got %r" % modname
            )
            if self.is_blocked(modname) or self.get_plugin(modname) is not None:
                return

            importspec = "_pytest." + modname if modname in builtin_plugins else modname
            self.rewrite_hook.mark_rewrite(importspec)

            if consider_entry_points:
                loaded = self.load_setuptools_entrypoints("pytest11", name=modname)
                if loaded:
                    return

            try:
                __import__(importspec)
            except ImportError as e:
                raise ImportError(
                    'Error importing plugin "{}": {}'.format(modname, str(e.args[0]))
                ).with_traceback(e.__traceback__) from e

            except Skipped as e:
                self.skipped_plugins.append((modname, e.msg or ""))
            else:
                mod = sys.modules[importspec]
                self.register(mod, modname)

    def _get_plugin_specs_as_list(
        specs: Union[None, types.ModuleType, str, Sequence[str]]
    ) -> List[str]:
        """Parse a plugins specification into a list of plugin names."""
        # None means empty.
        if specs is None:
            return []
        # Workaround for #3899 - a submodule which happens to be called "pytest_plugins".
        if isinstance(specs, types.ModuleType):
            return []
        # Comma-separated list.
        if isinstance(specs, str):
            return specs.split(",") if specs else []
        # Direct specification.
        if isinstance(specs, collections.abc.Sequence):
            return list(specs)
        raise UsageError(
            "Plugins may be specified as a sequence or a ','-separated string of plugin names. Got: %r"
            % specs
        )

    def _ensure_removed_sysmodule(modname: str) -> None:
        try:
            del sys.modules[modname]
        except KeyError:
            pass

    class Notset:
        def __repr__(self):
            return "<NOTSET>"

    notset = Notset()

    def _iter_rewritable_modules(package_files: Iterable[str]) -> Iterator[str]:
        """Given an iterable of file names in a source distribution, return the "names" that should
        be marked for assertion rewrite.

        For example the package "pytest_mock/__init__.py" should be added as "pytest_mock" in
        the assertion rewrite mechanism.

        This function has to deal with dist-info based distributions and egg based distributions
        (which are still very much in use for "editable" installs).

        Here are the file names as seen in a dist-info based distribution:

            pytest_mock/__init__.py
            pytest_mock/_version.py
            pytest_mock/plugin.py
            pytest_mock.egg-info/PKG-INFO

        Here are the file names as seen in an egg based distribution:

            src/pytest_mock/__init__.py
            src/pytest_mock/_version.py
            src/pytest_mock/plugin.py
            src/pytest_mock.egg-info/PKG-INFO
            LICENSE
            setup.py

        We have to take in account those two distribution flavors in order to determine which
        names should be considered for assertion rewriting.

        More information:
            https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-mock/issues/167
        """
        package_files = list(package_files)
        seen_some = False
        for fn in package_files:
            is_simple_module = "/" not in fn and fn.endswith(".py")
            is_package = fn.count("/") == 1 and fn.endswith("__init__.py")
            if is_simple_module:
                module_name, _ = os.path.splitext(fn)
                # we ignore "setup.py" at the root of the distribution
                if module_name != "setup":
                    seen_some = True
                    yield module_name
            elif is_package:
                package_name = os.path.dirname(fn)
                seen_some = True
                yield package_name

        if not seen_some:
            # At this point we did not find any packages or modules suitable for assertion
            # rewriting, so we try again by stripping the first path component (to account for
            # "src" based source trees for example).
            # This approach lets us have the common case continue to be fast, as egg-distributions
            # are rarer.
            new_package_files = []
            for fn in package_files:
                parts = fn.split("/")
                new_fn = "/".join(parts[1:])
                if new_fn:
                    new_package_files.append(new_fn)
            if new_package_files:
                yield from _iter_rewritable_modules(new_package_files)

    def _args_converter(args: Iterable[str]) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
        return tuple(args)

    @final
    class Config:
        """Access to configuration values, pluginmanager and plugin hooks.

        :param PytestPluginManager pluginmanager:

        :param InvocationParams invocation_params:
            Object containing parameters regarding the :func:`pytest.main`
            invocation.
        """

        @final
        @attr.s(frozen=True)
        class InvocationParams:
            """Holds parameters passed during :func:`pytest.main`.

            The object attributes are read-only.

            .. versionadded:: 5.1

            .. note::

                Note that the environment variable ``PYTEST_ADDOPTS`` and the ``addopts``
                ini option are handled by pytest, not being included in the ``args`` attribute.

                Plugins accessing ``InvocationParams`` must be aware of that.
            """

            args = attr.ib(type=Tuple[str, ...], converter=_args_converter)
            """The command-line arguments as passed to :func:`pytest.main`.

            :type: Tuple[str, ...]
            """
            plugins = attr.ib(type=Optional[Sequence[Union[str, _PluggyPlugin]]])
            """Extra plugins, might be `None`.

            :type: Optional[Sequence[Union[str, plugin]]]
            """
            dir = attr.ib(type=Path)
            """The directory from which :func:`pytest.main` was invoked.

            :type: pathlib.Path
            """

        def __init__(
            self,
            pluginmanager: PytestPluginManager,
            *,
            invocation_params: Optional[InvocationParams] = None,
        ) -> None:
            from .argparsing import Parser, FILE_OR_DIR

            if invocation_params is None:
                invocation_params = self.InvocationParams(
                    args=(), plugins=None, dir=Path.cwd()
                )

            self.option = argparse.Namespace()
            """Access to command line option as attributes.

            :type: argparse.Namespace
            """

            self.invocation_params = invocation_params
            """The parameters with which pytest was invoked.

            :type: InvocationParams
            """

            _a = FILE_OR_DIR
            self._parser = Parser(
                usage=f"%(prog)s [options] [{_a}] [{_a}] [...]",
                processopt=self._processopt,
            )
            self.pluginmanager = pluginmanager
            """The plugin manager handles plugin registration and hook invocation.

            :type: PytestPluginManager
            """

            self.trace = self.pluginmanager.trace.root.get("config")
            self.hook = self.pluginmanager.hook
            self._inicache: Dict[str, Any] = {}
            self._override_ini: Sequence[str] = ()
            self._opt2dest: Dict[str, str] = {}
            self._cleanup: List[Callable[[], None]] = []
            # A place where plugins can store information on the config for their
            # own use. Currently only intended for internal plugins.
            self._store = Store()
            self.pluginmanager.register(self, "pytestconfig")
            self._configured = False
            self.hook.pytest_addoption.call_historic(
                kwargs=dict(parser=self._parser, pluginmanager=self.pluginmanager)
            )

            if TYPE_CHECKING:
                from _pytest.cacheprovider import Cache

                self.cache: Optional[Cache] = None

        @property
        def invocation_dir(self) -> py.path.local:
            """The directory from which pytest was invoked.

            Prefer to use :attr:`invocation_params.dir <InvocationParams.dir>`,
            which is a :class:`pathlib.Path`.

            :type: py.path.local
            """
            return py.path.local(str(self.invocation_params.dir))

        @property
        def rootpath(self) -> Path:
            """The path to the :ref:`rootdir <rootdir>`.

            :type: pathlib.Path

            .. versionadded:: 6.1
            """
            return self._rootpath

        @property
        def rootdir(self) -> py.path.local:
            """The path to the :ref:`rootdir <rootdir>`.

            Prefer to use :attr:`rootpath`, which is a :class:`pathlib.Path`.

            :type: py.path.local
            """
            return py.path.local(str(self.rootpath))

        @property
        def inipath(self) -> Optional[Path]:
            """The path to the :ref:`configfile <configfiles>`.

            :type: Optional[pathlib.Path]

            .. versionadded:: 6.1
            """
            return self._inipath

        @property
        def inifile(self) -> Optional[py.path.local]:
            """The path to the :ref:`configfile <configfiles>`.

            Prefer to use :attr:`inipath`, which is a :class:`pathlib.Path`.

            :type: Optional[py.path.local]
            """
            return py.path.local(str(self.inipath)) if self.inipath else None

        def add_cleanup(self, func: Callable[[], None]) -> None:
            """Add a function to be called when the config object gets out of
            use (usually coninciding with pytest_unconfigure)."""
            self._cleanup.append(func)

        def _do_configure(self) -> None:
            assert not self._configured
            self._configured = True
            with warnings.catch_warnings():
                warnings.simplefilter("default")
                self.hook.pytest_configure.call_historic(kwargs=dict(config=self))

        def _ensure_unconfigure(self) -> None:
            if self._configured:
                self._configured = False
                self.hook.pytest_unconfigure(config=self)
                self.hook.pytest_configure._call_history = []
            while self._cleanup:
                fin = self._cleanup.pop()
                fin()

        def get_terminal_writer(self) -> TerminalWriter:
            terminalreporter: TerminalReporter = self.pluginmanager.get_plugin(
                "terminalreporter"
            )
            return terminalreporter._tw

        def pytest_cmdline_parse(
            self, pluginmanager: PytestPluginManager, args: List[str]
        ) -> "Config":
            try:
                self.parse(args)
            except UsageError:

                # Handle --version and --help here in a minimal fashion.
                # This gets done via helpconfig normally, but its
                # pytest_cmdline_main is not called in case of errors.
                if getattr(self.option, "version", False) or "--version" in args:
                    from _pytest.helpconfig import showversion

                    showversion(self)
                elif (
                    getattr(self.option, "help", False) or "--help" in args or "-h" in args
                ):
                    self._parser._getparser().print_help()
                    sys.stdout.write(
                        "\nNOTE: displaying only minimal help due to UsageError.\n\n"
                    )

                raise

            return self

        def notify_exception(
            self,
            excinfo: ExceptionInfo[BaseException],
            option: Optional[argparse.Namespace] = None,
        ) -> None:
            if option and getattr(option, "fulltrace", False):
                style: _TracebackStyle = "long"
            else:
                style = "native"
            excrepr = excinfo.getrepr(
                funcargs=True, showlocals=getattr(option, "showlocals", False), style=style
            )
            res = self.hook.pytest_internalerror(excrepr=excrepr, excinfo=excinfo)
            if not any(res):
                for line in str(excrepr).split("\n"):
                    sys.stderr.write("INTERNALERROR> %s\n" % line)
                    sys.stderr.flush()

        def cwd_relative_nodeid(self, nodeid: str) -> str:
            # nodeid's are relative to the rootpath, compute relative to cwd.
            if self.invocation_params.dir != self.rootpath:
                fullpath = self.rootpath / nodeid
                nodeid = bestrelpath(self.invocation_params.dir, fullpath)
            return nodeid

        @classmethod
        def fromdictargs(cls, option_dict, args) -> "Config":
            """Constructor usable for subprocesses."""
            config = get_config(args)
            config.option.__dict__.update(option_dict)
            config.parse(args, addopts=False)
            for x in config.option.plugins:
                config.pluginmanager.consider_pluginarg(x)
            return config

        def _processopt(self, opt: "Argument") -> None:
            for name in opt._short_opts + opt._long_opts:
                self._opt2dest[name] = opt.dest

            if hasattr(opt, "default"):
                if not hasattr(self.option, opt.dest):
                    setattr(self.option, opt.dest, opt.default)

        @hookimpl(trylast=True)
        def pytest_load_initial_conftests(self, early_config: "Config") -> None:
            self.pluginmanager._set_initial_conftests(early_config.known_args_namespace)

        def _initini(self, args: Sequence[str]) -> None:
            ns, unknown_args = self._parser.parse_known_and_unknown_args(
                args, namespace=copy.copy(self.option)
            )
            rootpath, inipath, inicfg = determine_setup(
                ns.inifilename,
                ns.file_or_dir + unknown_args,
                rootdir_cmd_arg=ns.rootdir or None,
                config=self,
            )
            self._rootpath = rootpath
            self._inipath = inipath
            self.inicfg = inicfg
            self._parser.extra_info["rootdir"] = str(self.rootpath)
            self._parser.extra_info["inifile"] = str(self.inipath)
            self._parser.addini("addopts", "extra command line options", "args")
            self._parser.addini("minversion", "minimally required pytest version")
            self._parser.addini(
                "required_plugins",
                "plugins that must be present for pytest to run",
                type="args",
                default=[],
            )
            self._override_ini = ns.override_ini or ()

        def _consider_importhook(self, args: Sequence[str]) -> None:
            """Install the PEP 302 import hook if using assertion rewriting.

            Needs to parse the --assert=<mode> option from the commandline
            and find all the installed plugins to mark them for rewriting
            by the importhook.
            """
            ns, unknown_args = self._parser.parse_known_and_unknown_args(args)
            mode = getattr(ns, "assertmode", "plain")
            if mode == "rewrite":
                import _pytest.assertion

                try:
                    hook = _pytest.assertion.install_importhook(self)
                except SystemError:
                    mode = "plain"
                else:
                    self._mark_plugins_for_rewrite(hook)
            self._warn_about_missing_assertion(mode)

        def _mark_plugins_for_rewrite(self, hook) -> None:
            """Given an importhook, mark for rewrite any top-level
            modules or packages in the distribution package for
            all pytest plugins."""
            self.pluginmanager.rewrite_hook = hook

            if os.environ.get("PYTEST_DISABLE_PLUGIN_AUTOLOAD"):
                # We don't autoload from setuptools entry points, no need to continue.
                return

            package_files = (
                str(file)
                for dist in importlib_metadata.distributions()
                if any(ep.group == "pytest11" for ep in dist.entry_points)
                for file in dist.files or []
            )

            for name in _iter_rewritable_modules(package_files):
                hook.mark_rewrite(name)

        def _validate_args(self, args: List[str], via: str) -> List[str]:
            """Validate known args."""
            self._parser._config_source_hint = via  # type: ignore
            try:
                self._parser.parse_known_and_unknown_args(
                    args, namespace=copy.copy(self.option)
                )
            finally:
                del self._parser._config_source_hint  # type: ignore

            return args

        def _preparse(self, args: List[str], addopts: bool = True) -> None:
            if addopts:
                env_addopts = os.environ.get("PYTEST_ADDOPTS", "")
                if len(env_addopts):
                    args[:] = (
                        self._validate_args(shlex.split(env_addopts), "via PYTEST_ADDOPTS")
                        + args
                    )
            self._initini(args)
            if addopts:
                args[:] = (
                    self._validate_args(self.getini("addopts"), "via addopts config") + args
                )

            self.known_args_namespace = self._parser.parse_known_args(
                args, namespace=copy.copy(self.option)
            )
            self._checkversion()
            self._consider_importhook(args)
            self.pluginmanager.consider_preparse(args, exclude_only=False)
            if not os.environ.get("PYTEST_DISABLE_PLUGIN_AUTOLOAD"):
                # Don't autoload from setuptools entry point. Only explicitly specified
                # plugins are going to be loaded.
                self.pluginmanager.load_setuptools_entrypoints("pytest11")
            self.pluginmanager.consider_env()

            self.known_args_namespace = self._parser.parse_known_args(
                args, namespace=copy.copy(self.known_args_namespace)
            )

            self._validate_plugins()
            self._warn_about_skipped_plugins()

            if self.known_args_namespace.strict:
                self.issue_config_time_warning(
                    _pytest.deprecated.STRICT_OPTION, stacklevel=2
                )

            if self.known_args_namespace.confcutdir is None and self.inipath is not None:
                confcutdir = str(self.inipath.parent)
                self.known_args_namespace.confcutdir = confcutdir
            try:
                self.hook.pytest_load_initial_conftests(
                    early_config=self, args=args, parser=self._parser
                )
            except ConftestImportFailure as e:
                if self.known_args_namespace.help or self.known_args_namespace.version:
                    # we don't want to prevent --help/--version to work
                    # so just let is pass and print a warning at the end
                    self.issue_config_time_warning(
                        PytestConfigWarning(f"could not load initial conftests: {e.path}"),
                        stacklevel=2,
                    )
                else:
                    raise

        @hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
        def pytest_collection(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
            """Validate invalid ini keys after collection is done so we take in account
            options added by late-loading conftest files."""
            yield
            self._validate_config_options()

        def _checkversion(self) -> None:
            import pytest

            minver = self.inicfg.get("minversion", None)
            if minver:
                # Imported lazily to improve start-up time.
                from packaging.version import Version

                if not isinstance(minver, str):
                    raise pytest.UsageError(
                        "%s: 'minversion' must be a single value" % self.inipath
                    )

                if Version(minver) > Version(pytest.__version__):
                    raise pytest.UsageError(
                        "%s: 'minversion' requires pytest-%s, actual pytest-%s'"
                        % (self.inipath, minver, pytest.__version__,)
                    )

        def _validate_config_options(self) -> None:
            for key in sorted(self._get_unknown_ini_keys()):
                self._warn_or_fail_if_strict(f"Unknown config option: {key}\n")

        def _validate_plugins(self) -> None:
            required_plugins = sorted(self.getini("required_plugins"))
            if not required_plugins:
                return

            # Imported lazily to improve start-up time.
            from packaging.version import Version
            from packaging.requirements import InvalidRequirement, Requirement

            plugin_info = self.pluginmanager.list_plugin_distinfo()
            plugin_dist_info = {dist.project_name: dist.version for _, dist in plugin_info}

            missing_plugins = []
            for required_plugin in required_plugins:
                try:
                    spec = Requirement(required_plugin)
                except InvalidRequirement:
                    missing_plugins.append(required_plugin)
                    continue

                if spec.name not in plugin_dist_info:
                    missing_plugins.append(required_plugin)
                elif Version(plugin_dist_info[spec.name]) not in spec.specifier:
                    missing_plugins.append(required_plugin)

            if missing_plugins:
                raise UsageError(
                    "Missing required plugins: {}".format(", ".join(missing_plugins)),
                )

        def _warn_or_fail_if_strict(self, message: str) -> None:
            if self.known_args_namespace.strict_config:
                raise UsageError(message)

            self.issue_config_time_warning(PytestConfigWarning(message), stacklevel=3)

        def _get_unknown_ini_keys(self) -> List[str]:
            parser_inicfg = self._parser._inidict
            return [name for name in self.inicfg if name not in parser_inicfg]

        def parse(self, args: List[str], addopts: bool = True) -> None:
            # Parse given cmdline arguments into this config object.
            assert not hasattr(
                self, "args"
            ), "can only parse cmdline args at most once per Config object"
            self.hook.pytest_addhooks.call_historic(
                kwargs=dict(pluginmanager=self.pluginmanager)
            )
            self._preparse(args, addopts=addopts)
            # XXX deprecated hook:
            self.hook.pytest_cmdline_preparse(config=self, args=args)
            self._parser.after_preparse = True  # type: ignore
            try:
                args = self._parser.parse_setoption(
                    args, self.option, namespace=self.option
                )
                if not args:
                    if self.invocation_params.dir == self.rootpath:
                        args = self.getini("testpaths")
                    if not args:
                        args = [str(self.invocation_params.dir)]
                self.args = args
            except PrintHelp:
                pass

        def issue_config_time_warning(self, warning: Warning, stacklevel: int) -> None:
            """Issue and handle a warning during the "configure" stage.

            During ``pytest_configure`` we can't capture warnings using the ``catch_warnings_for_item``
            function because it is not possible to have hookwrappers around ``pytest_configure``.

            This function is mainly intended for plugins that need to issue warnings during
            ``pytest_configure`` (or similar stages).

            :param warning: The warning instance.
            :param stacklevel: stacklevel forwarded to warnings.warn.
            """
            if self.pluginmanager.is_blocked("warnings"):
                return

            cmdline_filters = self.known_args_namespace.pythonwarnings or []
            config_filters = self.getini("filterwarnings")

            with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as records:
                warnings.simplefilter("always", type(warning))
                apply_warning_filters(config_filters, cmdline_filters)
                warnings.warn(warning, stacklevel=stacklevel)

            if records:
                frame = sys._getframe(stacklevel - 1)
                location = frame.f_code.co_filename, frame.f_lineno, frame.f_code.co_name
                self.hook.pytest_warning_captured.call_historic(
                    kwargs=dict(
                        warning_message=records[0],
                        when="config",
                        item=None,
                        location=location,
                    )
                )
                self.hook.pytest_warning_recorded.call_historic(
                    kwargs=dict(
                        warning_message=records[0],
                        when="config",
                        nodeid="",
                        location=location,
                    )
                )

        def addinivalue_line(self, name: str, line: str) -> None:
            """Add a line to an ini-file option. The option must have been
            declared but might not yet be set in which case the line becomes
            the first line in its value."""
            x = self.getini(name)
            assert isinstance(x, list)
            x.append(line)  # modifies the cached list inline

        def getini(self, name: str):
            """Return configuration value from an :ref:`ini file <configfiles>`.

            If the specified name hasn't been registered through a prior
            :py:func:`parser.addini <_pytest.config.argparsing.Parser.addini>`
            call (usually from a plugin), a ValueError is raised.
            """
            try:
                return self._inicache[name]
            except KeyError:
                self._inicache[name] = val = self._getini(name)
                return val

        def _getini(self, name: str):
            try:
                description, type, default = self._parser._inidict[name]
            except KeyError as e:
                raise ValueError(f"unknown configuration value: {name!r}") from e
            override_value = self._get_override_ini_value(name)
            if override_value is None:
                try:
                    value = self.inicfg[name]
                except KeyError:
                    if default is not None:
                        return default
                    if type is None:
                        return ""
                    return []
            else:
                value = override_value
            # Coerce the values based on types.
            #
            # Note: some coercions are only required if we are reading from .ini files, because
            # the file format doesn't contain type information, but when reading from toml we will
            # get either str or list of str values (see _parse_ini_config_from_pyproject_toml).
            # For example:
            #
            #   ini:
            #     a_line_list = "tests acceptance"
            #   in this case, we need to split the string to obtain a list of strings.
            #
            #   toml:
            #     a_line_list = ["tests", "acceptance"]
            #   in this case, we already have a list ready to use.
            #
            if type == "pathlist":
                # TODO: This assert is probably not valid in all cases.
                assert self.inipath is not None
                dp = self.inipath.parent
                input_values = shlex.split(value) if isinstance(value, str) else value
                return [py.path.local(str(dp / x)) for x in input_values]
            elif type == "args":
                return shlex.split(value) if isinstance(value, str) else value
            elif type == "linelist":
                if isinstance(value, str):
                    return [t for t in map(lambda x: x.strip(), value.split("\n")) if t]
                else:
                    return value
            elif type == "bool":
                return _strtobool(str(value).strip())
            else:
                assert type in [None, "string"]
                return value

        def _getconftest_pathlist(
            self, name: str, path: py.path.local
        ) -> Optional[List[py.path.local]]:
            try:
                mod, relroots = self.pluginmanager._rget_with_confmod(
                    name, path, self.getoption("importmode")
                )
            except KeyError:
                return None
            modpath = py.path.local(mod.__file__).dirpath()
            values: List[py.path.local] = []
            for relroot in relroots:
                if not isinstance(relroot, py.path.local):
                    relroot = relroot.replace("/", os.sep)
                    relroot = modpath.join(relroot, abs=True)
                values.append(relroot)
            return values

        def _get_override_ini_value(self, name: str) -> Optional[str]:
            value = None
            # override_ini is a list of "ini=value" options.
            # Always use the last item if multiple values are set for same ini-name,
            # e.g. -o foo=bar1 -o foo=bar2 will set foo to bar2.
            for ini_config in self._override_ini:
                try:
                    key, user_ini_value = ini_config.split("=", 1)
                except ValueError as e:
                    raise UsageError(
                        "-o/--override-ini expects option=value style (got: {!r}).".format(
                            ini_config
                        )
                    ) from e
                else:
                    if key == name:
                        value = user_ini_value
            return value

        def getoption(self, name: str, default=notset, skip: bool = False):
            """Return command line option value.

            :param name: Name of the option.  You may also specify
                the literal ``--OPT`` option instead of the "dest" option name.
            :param default: Default value if no option of that name exists.
            :param skip: If True, raise pytest.skip if option does not exists
                or has a None value.
            """
            name = self._opt2dest.get(name, name)
            try:
                val = getattr(self.option, name)
                if val is None and skip:
                    raise AttributeError(name)
                return val
            except AttributeError as e:
                if default is not notset:
                    return default
                if skip:
                    import pytest

                    pytest.skip(f"no {name!r} option found")
                raise ValueError(f"no option named {name!r}") from e

        def getvalue(self, name: str, path=None):
            """Deprecated, use getoption() instead."""
            return self.getoption(name)

        def getvalueorskip(self, name: str, path=None):
            """Deprecated, use getoption(skip=True) instead."""
            return self.getoption(name, skip=True)

        def _warn_about_missing_assertion(self, mode: str) -> None:
            if not _assertion_supported():
                if mode == "plain":
                    warning_text = (
                        "ASSERTIONS ARE NOT EXECUTED"
                        " and FAILING TESTS WILL PASS.  Are you"
                        " using python -O?"
                    )
                else:
                    warning_text = (
                        "assertions not in test modules or"
                        " plugins will be ignored"
                        " because assert statements are not executed "
                        "by the underlying Python interpreter "
                        "(are you using python -O?)\n"
                    )
                self.issue_config_time_warning(
                    PytestConfigWarning(warning_text), stacklevel=3,
                )

        def _warn_about_skipped_plugins(self) -> None:
            for module_name, msg in self.pluginmanager.skipped_plugins:
                self.issue_config_time_warning(
                    PytestConfigWarning(f"skipped plugin {module_name!r}: {msg}"),
                    stacklevel=2,
                )

    def _assertion_supported() -> bool:
        try:
            assert False
        except AssertionError:
            return True
        else:
            return False  # type: ignore[unreachable]

    def create_terminal_writer(
        config: Config, file: Optional[TextIO] = None
    ) -> TerminalWriter:
        """Create a TerminalWriter instance configured according to the options
        in the config object.

        Every code which requires a TerminalWriter object and has access to a
        config object should use this function.
        """
        tw = TerminalWriter(file=file)

        if config.option.color == "yes":
            tw.hasmarkup = True
        elif config.option.color == "no":
            tw.hasmarkup = False

        if config.option.code_highlight == "yes":
            tw.code_highlight = True
        elif config.option.code_highlight == "no":
            tw.code_highlight = False

        return tw

    def _strtobool(val: str) -> bool:
        """Convert a string representation of truth to True or False.

        True values are 'y', 'yes', 't', 'true', 'on', and '1'; false values
        are 'n', 'no', 'f', 'false', 'off', and '0'.  Raises ValueError if
        'val' is anything else.

        .. note:: Copied from distutils.util.
        """
        val = val.lower()
        if val in ("y", "yes", "t", "true", "on", "1"):
            return True
        elif val in ("n", "no", "f", "false", "off", "0"):
            return False
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"invalid truth value {val!r}")

    @lru_cache(maxsize=50)
    def parse_warning_filter(
        arg: str, *, escape: bool
    ) -> Tuple[str, str, Type[Warning], str, int]:
        """Parse a warnings filter string.

        This is copied from warnings._setoption, but does not apply the filter,
        only parses it, and makes the escaping optional.
        """
        parts = arg.split(":")
        if len(parts) > 5:
            raise warnings._OptionError(f"too many fields (max 5): {arg!r}")
        while len(parts) < 5:
            parts.append("")
        action_, message, category_, module, lineno_ = [s.strip() for s in parts]
        action: str = warnings._getaction(action_)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
        category: Type[Warning] = warnings._getcategory(category_)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
        if message and escape:
            message = re.escape(message)
        if module and escape:
            module = re.escape(module) + r"\Z"
        if lineno_:
            try:
                lineno = int(lineno_)
                if lineno < 0:
                    raise ValueError
            except (ValueError, OverflowError) as e:
                raise warnings._OptionError(f"invalid lineno {lineno_!r}") from e
        else:
            lineno = 0
        return action, message, category, module, lineno

    def apply_warning_filters(
        config_filters: Iterable[str], cmdline_filters: Iterable[str]
    ) -> None:
        """Applies pytest-configured filters to the warnings module"""
        # Filters should have this precedence: cmdline options, config.
        # Filters should be applied in the inverse order of precedence.
        for arg in config_filters:
            warnings.filterwarnings(*parse_warning_filter(arg, escape=False))

        for arg in cmdline_filters:
            warnings.filterwarnings(*parse_warning_filter(arg, escape=True))