# Source code for _pytest.fixtures

    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    from __future__ import absolute_import
    from __future__ import division
    from __future__ import print_function

    import functools
    import inspect
    import itertools
    import sys
    import warnings
    from collections import defaultdict
    from collections import deque
    from collections import OrderedDict

    import attr
    import py
    import six

    import _pytest
    from _pytest import nodes
    from _pytest._code.code import FormattedExcinfo
    from _pytest._code.code import TerminalRepr
    from _pytest.compat import _format_args
    from _pytest.compat import _PytestWrapper
    from _pytest.compat import exc_clear
    from _pytest.compat import FuncargnamesCompatAttr
    from _pytest.compat import get_real_func
    from _pytest.compat import get_real_method
    from _pytest.compat import getfslineno
    from _pytest.compat import getfuncargnames
    from _pytest.compat import getimfunc
    from _pytest.compat import getlocation
    from _pytest.compat import is_generator
    from _pytest.compat import isclass
    from _pytest.compat import NOTSET
    from _pytest.compat import safe_getattr
    from _pytest.deprecated import FIXTURE_FUNCTION_CALL
    from _pytest.deprecated import FIXTURE_NAMED_REQUEST
    from _pytest.outcomes import fail
    from _pytest.outcomes import TEST_OUTCOME

    @attr.s(frozen=True)
    class PseudoFixtureDef(object):
        cached_result = attr.ib()
        scope = attr.ib()

    def pytest_sessionstart(session):
        import _pytest.python
        import _pytest.nodes

        scopename2class.update(
            {
                "package": _pytest.python.Package,
                "class": _pytest.python.Class,
                "module": _pytest.python.Module,
                "function": _pytest.nodes.Item,
                "session": _pytest.main.Session,
            }
        )
        session._fixturemanager = FixtureManager(session)

    scopename2class = {}

    scope2props = dict(session=())
    scope2props["package"] = ("fspath",)
    scope2props["module"] = ("fspath", "module")
    scope2props["class"] = scope2props["module"] + ("cls",)
    scope2props["instance"] = scope2props["class"] + ("instance",)
    scope2props["function"] = scope2props["instance"] + ("function", "keywords")

    def scopeproperty(name=None, doc=None):
        def decoratescope(func):
            scopename = name or func.__name__

            def provide(self):
                if func.__name__ in scope2props[self.scope]:
                    return func(self)
                raise AttributeError(
                    "%s not available in %s-scoped context" % (scopename, self.scope)
                )

            return property(provide, None, None, func.__doc__)

        return decoratescope

    def get_scope_package(node, fixturedef):
        import pytest

        cls = pytest.Package
        current = node
        fixture_package_name = "%s/%s" % (fixturedef.baseid, "__init__.py")
        while current and (
            type(current) is not cls or fixture_package_name != current.nodeid
        ):
            current = current.parent
        if current is None:
            return node.session
        return current

    def get_scope_node(node, scope):
        cls = scopename2class.get(scope)
        if cls is None:
            raise ValueError("unknown scope")
        return node.getparent(cls)

    def add_funcarg_pseudo_fixture_def(collector, metafunc, fixturemanager):
        # this function will transform all collected calls to a functions
        # if they use direct funcargs (i.e. direct parametrization)
        # because we want later test execution to be able to rely on
        # an existing FixtureDef structure for all arguments.
        # XXX we can probably avoid this algorithm  if we modify CallSpec2
        # to directly care for creating the fixturedefs within its methods.
        if not metafunc._calls[0].funcargs:
            return  # this function call does not have direct parametrization
        # collect funcargs of all callspecs into a list of values
        arg2params = {}
        arg2scope = {}
        for callspec in metafunc._calls:
            for argname, argvalue in callspec.funcargs.items():
                assert argname not in callspec.params
                callspec.params[argname] = argvalue
                arg2params_list = arg2params.setdefault(argname, [])
                callspec.indices[argname] = len(arg2params_list)
                arg2params_list.append(argvalue)
                if argname not in arg2scope:
                    scopenum = callspec._arg2scopenum.get(argname, scopenum_function)
                    arg2scope[argname] = scopes[scopenum]
            callspec.funcargs.clear()

        # register artificial FixtureDef's so that later at test execution
        # time we can rely on a proper FixtureDef to exist for fixture setup.
        arg2fixturedefs = metafunc._arg2fixturedefs
        for argname, valuelist in arg2params.items():
            # if we have a scope that is higher than function we need
            # to make sure we only ever create an according fixturedef on
            # a per-scope basis. We thus store and cache the fixturedef on the
            # node related to the scope.
            scope = arg2scope[argname]
            node = None
            if scope != "function":
                node = get_scope_node(collector, scope)
                if node is None:
                    assert scope == "class" and isinstance(collector, _pytest.python.Module)
                    # use module-level collector for class-scope (for now)
                    node = collector
            if node and argname in node._name2pseudofixturedef:
                arg2fixturedefs[argname] = [node._name2pseudofixturedef[argname]]
            else:
                fixturedef = FixtureDef(
                    fixturemanager,
                    "",
                    argname,
                    get_direct_param_fixture_func,
                    arg2scope[argname],
                    valuelist,
                    False,
                    False,
                )
                arg2fixturedefs[argname] = [fixturedef]
                if node is not None:
                    node._name2pseudofixturedef[argname] = fixturedef

    def getfixturemarker(obj):
        """ return fixturemarker or None if it doesn't exist or raised
        exceptions."""
        try:
            return getattr(obj, "_pytestfixturefunction", None)
        except TEST_OUTCOME:
            # some objects raise errors like request (from flask import request)
            # we don't expect them to be fixture functions
            return None

    def get_parametrized_fixture_keys(item, scopenum):
        """ return list of keys for all parametrized arguments which match
        the specified scope. """
        assert scopenum < scopenum_function  # function
        try:
            cs = item.callspec
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        else:
            # cs.indices.items() is random order of argnames.  Need to
            # sort this so that different calls to
            # get_parametrized_fixture_keys will be deterministic.
            for argname, param_index in sorted(cs.indices.items()):
                if cs._arg2scopenum[argname] != scopenum:
                    continue
                if scopenum == 0:  # session
                    key = (argname, param_index)
                elif scopenum == 1:  # package
                    key = (argname, param_index, item.fspath.dirpath())
                elif scopenum == 2:  # module
                    key = (argname, param_index, item.fspath)
                elif scopenum == 3:  # class
                    key = (argname, param_index, item.fspath, item.cls)
                yield key

    # algorithm for sorting on a per-parametrized resource setup basis
    # it is called for scopenum==0 (session) first and performs sorting
    # down to the lower scopes such as to minimize number of "high scope"
    # setups and teardowns

    def reorder_items(items):
        argkeys_cache = {}
        items_by_argkey = {}
        for scopenum in range(0, scopenum_function):
            argkeys_cache[scopenum] = d = {}
            items_by_argkey[scopenum] = item_d = defaultdict(deque)
            for item in items:
                keys = OrderedDict.fromkeys(get_parametrized_fixture_keys(item, scopenum))
                if keys:
                    d[item] = keys
                    for key in keys:
                        item_d[key].append(item)
        items = OrderedDict.fromkeys(items)
        return list(reorder_items_atscope(items, argkeys_cache, items_by_argkey, 0))

    def fix_cache_order(item, argkeys_cache, items_by_argkey):
        for scopenum in range(0, scopenum_function):
            for key in argkeys_cache[scopenum].get(item, []):
                items_by_argkey[scopenum][key].appendleft(item)

    def reorder_items_atscope(items, argkeys_cache, items_by_argkey, scopenum):
        if scopenum >= scopenum_function or len(items) < 3:
            return items
        ignore = set()
        items_deque = deque(items)
        items_done = OrderedDict()
        scoped_items_by_argkey = items_by_argkey[scopenum]
        scoped_argkeys_cache = argkeys_cache[scopenum]
        while items_deque:
            no_argkey_group = OrderedDict()
            slicing_argkey = None
            while items_deque:
                item = items_deque.popleft()
                if item in items_done or item in no_argkey_group:
                    continue
                argkeys = OrderedDict.fromkeys(
                    k for k in scoped_argkeys_cache.get(item, []) if k not in ignore
                )
                if not argkeys:
                    no_argkey_group[item] = None
                else:
                    slicing_argkey, _ = argkeys.popitem()
                    # we don't have to remove relevant items from later in the deque because they'll just be ignored
                    matching_items = [
                        i for i in scoped_items_by_argkey[slicing_argkey] if i in items
                    ]
                    for i in reversed(matching_items):
                        fix_cache_order(i, argkeys_cache, items_by_argkey)
                        items_deque.appendleft(i)
                    break
            if no_argkey_group:
                no_argkey_group = reorder_items_atscope(
                    no_argkey_group, argkeys_cache, items_by_argkey, scopenum + 1
                )
                for item in no_argkey_group:
                    items_done[item] = None
            ignore.add(slicing_argkey)
        return items_done

    def fillfixtures(function):
        """ fill missing funcargs for a test function. """
        try:
            request = function._request
        except AttributeError:
            # XXX this special code path is only expected to execute
            # with the oejskit plugin.  It uses classes with funcargs
            # and we thus have to work a bit to allow this.
            fm = function.session._fixturemanager
            fi = fm.getfixtureinfo(function.parent, function.obj, None)
            function._fixtureinfo = fi
            request = function._request = FixtureRequest(function)
            request._fillfixtures()
            # prune out funcargs for jstests
            newfuncargs = {}
            for name in fi.argnames:
                newfuncargs[name] = function.funcargs[name]
            function.funcargs = newfuncargs
        else:
            request._fillfixtures()

    def get_direct_param_fixture_func(request):
        return request.param

    @attr.s(slots=True)
    class FuncFixtureInfo(object):
        # original function argument names
        argnames = attr.ib(type=tuple)
        # argnames that function immediately requires. These include argnames +
        # fixture names specified via usefixtures and via autouse=True in fixture
        # definitions.
        initialnames = attr.ib(type=tuple)
        names_closure = attr.ib()  # List[str]
        name2fixturedefs = attr.ib()  # List[str, List[FixtureDef]]

        def prune_dependency_tree(self):
            """Recompute names_closure from initialnames and name2fixturedefs

            Can only reduce names_closure, which means that the new closure will
            always be a subset of the old one. The order is preserved.

            This method is needed because direct parametrization may shadow some
            of the fixtures that were included in the originally built dependency
            tree. In this way the dependency tree can get pruned, and the closure
            of argnames may get reduced.
            """
            closure = set()
            working_set = set(self.initialnames)
            while working_set:
                argname = working_set.pop()
                # argname may be smth not included in the original names_closure,
                # in which case we ignore it. This currently happens with pseudo
                # FixtureDefs which wrap 'get_direct_param_fixture_func(request)'.
                # So they introduce the new dependency 'request' which might have
                # been missing in the original tree (closure).
                if argname not in closure and argname in self.names_closure:
                    closure.add(argname)
                    if argname in self.name2fixturedefs:
                        working_set.update(self.name2fixturedefs[argname][-1].argnames)

            self.names_closure[:] = sorted(closure, key=self.names_closure.index)

    class FixtureRequest(FuncargnamesCompatAttr):
        """ A request for a fixture from a test or fixture function.

        A request object gives access to the requesting test context
        and has an optional ``param`` attribute in case
        the fixture is parametrized indirectly.
        """

        def __init__(self, pyfuncitem):
            self._pyfuncitem = pyfuncitem
            #: fixture for which this request is being performed
            self.fixturename = None
            #: Scope string, one of "function", "class", "module", "session"
            self.scope = "function"
            self._fixture_defs = {}  # argname -> FixtureDef
            fixtureinfo = pyfuncitem._fixtureinfo
            self._arg2fixturedefs = fixtureinfo.name2fixturedefs.copy()
            self._arg2index = {}
            self._fixturemanager = pyfuncitem.session._fixturemanager

        @property
        def fixturenames(self):
            """names of all active fixtures in this request"""
            result = list(self._pyfuncitem._fixtureinfo.names_closure)
            result.extend(set(self._fixture_defs).difference(result))
            return result

        @property
        def node(self):
            """ underlying collection node (depends on current request scope)"""
            return self._getscopeitem(self.scope)

        def _getnextfixturedef(self, argname):
            fixturedefs = self._arg2fixturedefs.get(argname, None)
            if fixturedefs is None:
                # we arrive here because of a dynamic call to
                # getfixturevalue(argname) usage which was naturally
                # not known at parsing/collection time
                parentid = self._pyfuncitem.parent.nodeid
                fixturedefs = self._fixturemanager.getfixturedefs(argname, parentid)
                self._arg2fixturedefs[argname] = fixturedefs
            # fixturedefs list is immutable so we maintain a decreasing index
            index = self._arg2index.get(argname, 0) - 1
            if fixturedefs is None or (-index > len(fixturedefs)):
                raise FixtureLookupError(argname, self)
            self._arg2index[argname] = index
            return fixturedefs[index]

        @property
        def config(self):
            """ the pytest config object associated with this request. """
            return self._pyfuncitem.config

        @scopeproperty()
        def function(self):
            """ test function object if the request has a per-function scope. """
            return self._pyfuncitem.obj

        @scopeproperty("class")
        def cls(self):
            """ class (can be None) where the test function was collected. """
            clscol = self._pyfuncitem.getparent(_pytest.python.Class)
            if clscol:
                return clscol.obj

        @property
        def instance(self):
            """ instance (can be None) on which test function was collected. """
            # unittest support hack, see _pytest.unittest.TestCaseFunction
            try:
                return self._pyfuncitem._testcase
            except AttributeError:
                function = getattr(self, "function", None)
                return getattr(function, "__self__", None)

        @scopeproperty()
        def module(self):
            """ python module object where the test function was collected. """
            return self._pyfuncitem.getparent(_pytest.python.Module).obj

        @scopeproperty()
        def fspath(self):
            """ the file system path of the test module which collected this test. """
            return self._pyfuncitem.fspath

        @property
        def keywords(self):
            """ keywords/markers dictionary for the underlying node. """
            return self.node.keywords

        @property
        def session(self):
            """ pytest session object. """
            return self._pyfuncitem.session

        def addfinalizer(self, finalizer):
            """ add finalizer/teardown function to be called after the
            last test within the requesting test context finished
            execution. """
            # XXX usually this method is shadowed by fixturedef specific ones
            self._addfinalizer(finalizer, scope=self.scope)

        def _addfinalizer(self, finalizer, scope):
            colitem = self._getscopeitem(scope)
            self._pyfuncitem.session._setupstate.addfinalizer(
                finalizer=finalizer, colitem=colitem
            )

        def applymarker(self, marker):
            """ Apply a marker to a single test function invocation.
            This method is useful if you don't want to have a keyword/marker
            on all function invocations.

            :arg marker: a :py:class:`_pytest.mark.MarkDecorator` object
                created by a call to ``pytest.mark.NAME(...)``.
            """
            self.node.add_marker(marker)

        def raiseerror(self, msg):
            """ raise a FixtureLookupError with the given message. """
            raise self._fixturemanager.FixtureLookupError(None, self, msg)

        def _fillfixtures(self):
            item = self._pyfuncitem
            fixturenames = getattr(item, "fixturenames", self.fixturenames)
            for argname in fixturenames:
                if argname not in item.funcargs:
                    item.funcargs[argname] = self.getfixturevalue(argname)

        def getfixturevalue(self, argname):
            """ Dynamically run a named fixture function.

            Declaring fixtures via function argument is recommended where possible.
            But if you can only decide whether to use another fixture at test
            setup time, you may use this function to retrieve it inside a fixture
            or test function body.
            """
            return self._get_active_fixturedef(argname).cached_result[0]

        def getfuncargvalue(self, argname):
            """ Deprecated, use getfixturevalue. """
            from _pytest import deprecated

            warnings.warn(deprecated.GETFUNCARGVALUE, stacklevel=2)
            return self.getfixturevalue(argname)

        def _get_active_fixturedef(self, argname):
            try:
                return self._fixture_defs[argname]
            except KeyError:
                try:
                    fixturedef = self._getnextfixturedef(argname)
                except FixtureLookupError:
                    if argname == "request":
                        cached_result = (self, [0], None)
                        scope = "function"
                        return PseudoFixtureDef(cached_result, scope)
                    raise
            # remove indent to prevent the python3 exception
            # from leaking into the call
            self._compute_fixture_value(fixturedef)
            self._fixture_defs[argname] = fixturedef
            return fixturedef

        def _get_fixturestack(self):
            current = self
            values = []
            while 1:
                fixturedef = getattr(current, "_fixturedef", None)
                if fixturedef is None:
                    values.reverse()
                    return values
                values.append(fixturedef)
                current = current._parent_request

        def _compute_fixture_value(self, fixturedef):
            """
            Creates a SubRequest based on "self" and calls the execute method of the given fixturedef object. This will
            force the FixtureDef object to throw away any previous results and compute a new fixture value, which
            will be stored into the FixtureDef object itself.

            :param FixtureDef fixturedef:
            """
            # prepare a subrequest object before calling fixture function
            # (latter managed by fixturedef)
            argname = fixturedef.argname
            funcitem = self._pyfuncitem
            scope = fixturedef.scope
            try:
                param = funcitem.callspec.getparam(argname)
            except (AttributeError, ValueError):
                param = NOTSET
                param_index = 0
                has_params = fixturedef.params is not None
                fixtures_not_supported = getattr(funcitem, "nofuncargs", False)
                if has_params and fixtures_not_supported:
                    msg = (
                        "{name} does not support fixtures, maybe unittest.TestCase subclass?\n"
                        "Node id: {nodeid}\n"
                        "Function type: {typename}"
                    ).format(
                        name=funcitem.name,
                        nodeid=funcitem.nodeid,
                        typename=type(funcitem).__name__,
                    )
                    fail(msg, pytrace=False)
                if has_params:
                    frame = inspect.stack()[3]
                    frameinfo = inspect.getframeinfo(frame[0])
                    source_path = frameinfo.filename
                    source_lineno = frameinfo.lineno
                    source_path = py.path.local(source_path)
                    if source_path.relto(funcitem.config.rootdir):
                        source_path = source_path.relto(funcitem.config.rootdir)
                    msg = (
                        "The requested fixture has no parameter defined for test:\n"
                        "    {}\n\n"
                        "Requested fixture '{}' defined in:\n{}"
                        "\n\nRequested here:\n{}:{}".format(
                            funcitem.nodeid,
                            fixturedef.argname,
                            getlocation(fixturedef.func, funcitem.config.rootdir),
                            source_path,
                            source_lineno,
                        )
                    )
                    fail(msg, pytrace=False)
            else:
                param_index = funcitem.callspec.indices[argname]
                # if a parametrize invocation set a scope it will override
                # the static scope defined with the fixture function
                paramscopenum = funcitem.callspec._arg2scopenum.get(argname)
                if paramscopenum is not None:
                    scope = scopes[paramscopenum]

            subrequest = SubRequest(self, scope, param, param_index, fixturedef)

            # check if a higher-level scoped fixture accesses a lower level one
            subrequest._check_scope(argname, self.scope, scope)

            # clear sys.exc_info before invoking the fixture (python bug?)
            # if it's not explicitly cleared it will leak into the call
            exc_clear()
            try:
                # call the fixture function
                fixturedef.execute(request=subrequest)
            finally:
                self._schedule_finalizers(fixturedef, subrequest)

        def _schedule_finalizers(self, fixturedef, subrequest):
            # if fixture function failed it might have registered finalizers
            self.session._setupstate.addfinalizer(
                functools.partial(fixturedef.finish, request=subrequest), subrequest.node
            )

        def _check_scope(self, argname, invoking_scope, requested_scope):
            if argname == "request":
                return
            if scopemismatch(invoking_scope, requested_scope):
                # try to report something helpful
                lines = self._factorytraceback()
                fail(
                    "ScopeMismatch: You tried to access the %r scoped "
                    "fixture %r with a %r scoped request object, "
                    "involved factories\n%s"
                    % ((requested_scope, argname, invoking_scope, "\n".join(lines))),
                    pytrace=False,
                )

        def _factorytraceback(self):
            lines = []
            for fixturedef in self._get_fixturestack():
                factory = fixturedef.func
                fs, lineno = getfslineno(factory)
                p = self._pyfuncitem.session.fspath.bestrelpath(fs)
                args = _format_args(factory)
                lines.append("%s:%d:  def %s%s" % (p, lineno + 1, factory.__name__, args))
            return lines

        def _getscopeitem(self, scope):
            if scope == "function":
                # this might also be a non-function Item despite its attribute name
                return self._pyfuncitem
            if scope == "package":
                node = get_scope_package(self._pyfuncitem, self._fixturedef)
            else:
                node = get_scope_node(self._pyfuncitem, scope)
            if node is None and scope == "class":
                # fallback to function item itself
                node = self._pyfuncitem
            assert node, 'Could not obtain a node for scope "{}" for function {!r}'.format(
                scope, self._pyfuncitem
            )
            return node

        def __repr__(self):
            return "<FixtureRequest for %r>" % (self.node)

    class SubRequest(FixtureRequest):
        """ a sub request for handling getting a fixture from a
        test function/fixture. """

        def __init__(self, request, scope, param, param_index, fixturedef):
            self._parent_request = request
            self.fixturename = fixturedef.argname
            if param is not NOTSET:
                self.param = param
            self.param_index = param_index
            self.scope = scope
            self._fixturedef = fixturedef
            self._pyfuncitem = request._pyfuncitem
            self._fixture_defs = request._fixture_defs
            self._arg2fixturedefs = request._arg2fixturedefs
            self._arg2index = request._arg2index
            self._fixturemanager = request._fixturemanager

        def __repr__(self):
            return "<SubRequest %r for %r>" % (self.fixturename, self._pyfuncitem)

        def addfinalizer(self, finalizer):
            self._fixturedef.addfinalizer(finalizer)

        def _schedule_finalizers(self, fixturedef, subrequest):
            # if the executing fixturedef was not explicitly requested in the argument list (via
            # getfixturevalue inside the fixture call) then ensure this fixture def will be finished
            # first
            if fixturedef.argname not in self.funcargnames:
                fixturedef.addfinalizer(
                    functools.partial(self._fixturedef.finish, request=self)
                )
            super(SubRequest, self)._schedule_finalizers(fixturedef, subrequest)

    scopes = "session package module class function".split()
    scopenum_function = scopes.index("function")

    def scopemismatch(currentscope, newscope):
        return scopes.index(newscope) > scopes.index(currentscope)

    def scope2index(scope, descr, where=None):
        """Look up the index of ``scope`` and raise a descriptive value error
        if not defined.
        """
        try:
            return scopes.index(scope)
        except ValueError:
            fail(
                "{} {}got an unexpected scope value '{}'".format(
                    descr, "from {} ".format(where) if where else "", scope
                ),
                pytrace=False,
            )

    class FixtureLookupError(LookupError):
        """ could not return a requested Fixture (missing or invalid). """

        def __init__(self, argname, request, msg=None):
            self.argname = argname
            self.request = request
            self.fixturestack = request._get_fixturestack()
            self.msg = msg

        def formatrepr(self):
            tblines = []
            addline = tblines.append
            stack = [self.request._pyfuncitem.obj]
            stack.extend(map(lambda x: x.func, self.fixturestack))
            msg = self.msg
            if msg is not None:
                # the last fixture raise an error, let's present
                # it at the requesting side
                stack = stack[:-1]
            for function in stack:
                fspath, lineno = getfslineno(function)
                try:
                    lines, _ = inspect.getsourcelines(get_real_func(function))
                except (IOError, IndexError, TypeError):
                    error_msg = "file %s, line %s: source code not available"
                    addline(error_msg % (fspath, lineno + 1))
                else:
                    addline("file %s, line %s" % (fspath, lineno + 1))
                    for i, line in enumerate(lines):
                        line = line.rstrip()
                        addline("  " + line)
                        if line.lstrip().startswith("def"):
                            break

            if msg is None:
                fm = self.request._fixturemanager
                available = set()
                parentid = self.request._pyfuncitem.parent.nodeid
                for name, fixturedefs in fm._arg2fixturedefs.items():
                    faclist = list(fm._matchfactories(fixturedefs, parentid))
                    if faclist:
                        available.add(name)
                if self.argname in available:
                    msg = " recursive dependency involving fixture '{}' detected".format(
                        self.argname
                    )
                else:
                    msg = "fixture '{}' not found".format(self.argname)
                msg += "\n available fixtures: {}".format(", ".join(sorted(available)))
                msg += "\n use 'pytest --fixtures [testpath]' for help on them."

            return FixtureLookupErrorRepr(fspath, lineno, tblines, msg, self.argname)

    class FixtureLookupErrorRepr(TerminalRepr):
        def __init__(self, filename, firstlineno, tblines, errorstring, argname):
            self.tblines = tblines
            self.errorstring = errorstring
            self.filename = filename
            self.firstlineno = firstlineno
            self.argname = argname

        def toterminal(self, tw):
            # tw.line("FixtureLookupError: %s" %(self.argname), red=True)
            for tbline in self.tblines:
                tw.line(tbline.rstrip())
            lines = self.errorstring.split("\n")
            if lines:
                tw.line(
                    "{}       {}".format(FormattedExcinfo.fail_marker, lines[0].strip()),
                    red=True,
                )
                for line in lines[1:]:
                    tw.line(
                        "{}       {}".format(FormattedExcinfo.flow_marker, line.strip()),
                        red=True,
                    )
            tw.line()
            tw.line("%s:%d" % (self.filename, self.firstlineno + 1))

    def fail_fixturefunc(fixturefunc, msg):
        fs, lineno = getfslineno(fixturefunc)
        location = "%s:%s" % (fs, lineno + 1)
        source = _pytest._code.Source(fixturefunc)
        fail(msg + ":\n\n" + str(source.indent()) + "\n" + location, pytrace=False)

    def call_fixture_func(fixturefunc, request, kwargs):
        yieldctx = is_generator(fixturefunc)
        if yieldctx:
            it = fixturefunc(**kwargs)
            res = next(it)
            finalizer = functools.partial(_teardown_yield_fixture, fixturefunc, it)
            request.addfinalizer(finalizer)
        else:
            res = fixturefunc(**kwargs)
        return res

    def _teardown_yield_fixture(fixturefunc, it):
        """Executes the teardown of a fixture function by advancing the iterator after the
        yield and ensure the iteration ends (if not it means there is more than one yield in the function)"""
        try:
            next(it)
        except StopIteration:
            pass
        else:
            fail_fixturefunc(
                fixturefunc, "yield_fixture function has more than one 'yield'"
            )

    class FixtureDef(object):
        """ A container for a factory definition. """

        def __init__(
            self,
            fixturemanager,
            baseid,
            argname,
            func,
            scope,
            params,
            unittest=False,
            ids=None,
        ):
            self._fixturemanager = fixturemanager
            self.baseid = baseid or ""
            self.has_location = baseid is not None
            self.func = func
            self.argname = argname
            self.scope = scope
            self.scopenum = scope2index(
                scope or "function",
                descr="Fixture '{}'".format(func.__name__),
                where=baseid,
            )
            self.params = params
            self.argnames = getfuncargnames(func, is_method=unittest)
            self.unittest = unittest
            self.ids = ids
            self._finalizers = []

        def addfinalizer(self, finalizer):
            self._finalizers.append(finalizer)

        def finish(self, request):
            exceptions = []
            try:
                while self._finalizers:
                    try:
                        func = self._finalizers.pop()
                        func()
                    except:  # noqa
                        exceptions.append(sys.exc_info())
                if exceptions:
                    e = exceptions[0]
                    # Ensure to not keep frame references through traceback.
                    del exceptions
                    six.reraise(*e)
            finally:
                hook = self._fixturemanager.session.gethookproxy(request.node.fspath)
                hook.pytest_fixture_post_finalizer(fixturedef=self, request=request)
                # even if finalization fails, we invalidate
                # the cached fixture value and remove
                # all finalizers because they may be bound methods which will
                # keep instances alive
                if hasattr(self, "cached_result"):
                    del self.cached_result
                self._finalizers = []

        def execute(self, request):
            # get required arguments and register our own finish()
            # with their finalization
            for argname in self.argnames:
                fixturedef = request._get_active_fixturedef(argname)
                if argname != "request":
                    fixturedef.addfinalizer(functools.partial(self.finish, request=request))

            my_cache_key = request.param_index
            cached_result = getattr(self, "cached_result", None)
            if cached_result is not None:
                result, cache_key, err = cached_result
                if my_cache_key == cache_key:
                    if err is not None:
                        six.reraise(*err)
                    else:
                        return result
                # we have a previous but differently parametrized fixture instance
                # so we need to tear it down before creating a new one
                self.finish(request)
                assert not hasattr(self, "cached_result")

            hook = self._fixturemanager.session.gethookproxy(request.node.fspath)
            return hook.pytest_fixture_setup(fixturedef=self, request=request)

        def __repr__(self):
            return "<FixtureDef argname=%r scope=%r baseid=%r>" % (
                self.argname,
                self.scope,
                self.baseid,
            )

    def resolve_fixture_function(fixturedef, request):
        """Gets the actual callable that can be called to obtain the fixture value, dealing with unittest-specific
        instances and bound methods.
        """
        fixturefunc = fixturedef.func
        if fixturedef.unittest:
            if request.instance is not None:
                # bind the unbound method to the TestCase instance
                fixturefunc = fixturedef.func.__get__(request.instance)
        else:
            # the fixture function needs to be bound to the actual
            # request.instance so that code working with "fixturedef" behaves
            # as expected.
            if request.instance is not None:
                fixturefunc = getimfunc(fixturedef.func)
                if fixturefunc != fixturedef.func:
                    fixturefunc = fixturefunc.__get__(request.instance)
        return fixturefunc

    def pytest_fixture_setup(fixturedef, request):
        """ Execution of fixture setup. """
        kwargs = {}
        for argname in fixturedef.argnames:
            fixdef = request._get_active_fixturedef(argname)
            result, arg_cache_key, exc = fixdef.cached_result
            request._check_scope(argname, request.scope, fixdef.scope)
            kwargs[argname] = result

        fixturefunc = resolve_fixture_function(fixturedef, request)
        my_cache_key = request.param_index
        try:
            result = call_fixture_func(fixturefunc, request, kwargs)
        except TEST_OUTCOME:
            fixturedef.cached_result = (None, my_cache_key, sys.exc_info())
            raise
        fixturedef.cached_result = (result, my_cache_key, None)
        return result

    def _ensure_immutable_ids(ids):
        if ids is None:
            return
        if callable(ids):
            return ids
        return tuple(ids)

    def wrap_function_to_error_out_if_called_directly(function, fixture_marker):
        """Wrap the given fixture function so we can raise an error about it being called directly,
        instead of used as an argument in a test function.
        """
        message = FIXTURE_FUNCTION_CALL.format(
            name=fixture_marker.name or function.__name__
        )

        @six.wraps(function)
        def result(*args, **kwargs):
            fail(message, pytrace=False)

        # keep reference to the original function in our own custom attribute so we don't unwrap
        # further than this point and lose useful wrappings like @mock.patch (#3774)
        result.__pytest_wrapped__ = _PytestWrapper(function)

        return result

    @attr.s(frozen=True)
    class FixtureFunctionMarker(object):
        scope = attr.ib()
        params = attr.ib(converter=attr.converters.optional(tuple))
        autouse = attr.ib(default=False)
        ids = attr.ib(default=None, converter=_ensure_immutable_ids)
        name = attr.ib(default=None)

        def __call__(self, function):
            if isclass(function):
                raise ValueError("class fixtures not supported (maybe in the future)")

            if getattr(function, "_pytestfixturefunction", False):
                raise ValueError(
                    "fixture is being applied more than once to the same function"
                )

            function = wrap_function_to_error_out_if_called_directly(function, self)

            name = self.name or function.__name__
            if name == "request":
                warnings.warn(FIXTURE_NAMED_REQUEST)
            function._pytestfixturefunction = self
            return function

    def fixture(scope="function", params=None, autouse=False, ids=None, name=None):
        """Decorator to mark a fixture factory function.

        This decorator can be used, with or without parameters, to define a
        fixture function.

        The name of the fixture function can later be referenced to cause its
        invocation ahead of running tests: test
        modules or classes can use the ``pytest.mark.usefixtures(fixturename)``
        marker.

        Test functions can directly use fixture names as input
        arguments in which case the fixture instance returned from the fixture
        function will be injected.

        Fixtures can provide their values to test functions using ``return`` or ``yield``
        statements. When using ``yield`` the code block after the ``yield`` statement is executed
        as teardown code regardless of the test outcome, and must yield exactly once.

        :arg scope: the scope for which this fixture is shared, one of
                    ``"function"`` (default), ``"class"``, ``"module"``,
                    ``"package"`` or ``"session"``.

                    ``"package"`` is considered **experimental** at this time.

        :arg params: an optional list of parameters which will cause multiple
                    invocations of the fixture function and all of the tests
                    using it.
                    The current parameter is available in ``request.param``.

        :arg autouse: if True, the fixture func is activated for all tests that
                    can see it.  If False (the default) then an explicit
                    reference is needed to activate the fixture.

        :arg ids: list of string ids each corresponding to the params
                    so that they are part of the test id. If no ids are provided
                    they will be generated automatically from the params.

        :arg name: the name of the fixture. This defaults to the name of the
                    decorated function. If a fixture is used in the same module in
                    which it is defined, the function name of the fixture will be
                    shadowed by the function arg that requests the fixture; one way
                    to resolve this is to name the decorated function
                    ``fixture_<fixturename>`` and then use
                    ``@pytest.fixture(name='<fixturename>')``.
        """
        if callable(scope) and params is None and autouse is False:
            # direct decoration
            return FixtureFunctionMarker("function", params, autouse, name=name)(scope)
        if params is not None and not isinstance(params, (list, tuple)):
            params = list(params)
        return FixtureFunctionMarker(scope, params, autouse, ids=ids, name=name)

    def yield_fixture(scope="function", params=None, autouse=False, ids=None, name=None):
        """ (return a) decorator to mark a yield-fixture factory function.

        .. deprecated:: 3.0
            Use :py:func:`pytest.fixture` directly instead.
        """
        return fixture(scope=scope, params=params, autouse=autouse, ids=ids, name=name)

    defaultfuncargprefixmarker = fixture()

    @fixture(scope="session")
    def pytestconfig(request):
        """Session-scoped fixture that returns the :class:`_pytest.config.Config` object.

        Example::

            def test_foo(pytestconfig):
                if pytestconfig.getoption("verbose") > 0:
                    ...

        """
        return request.config

    def pytest_addoption(parser):
        parser.addini(
            "usefixtures",
            type="args",
            default=[],
            help="list of default fixtures to be used with this project",
        )

    class FixtureManager(object):
        """
        pytest fixtures definitions and information is stored and managed
        from this class.

        During collection fm.parsefactories() is called multiple times to parse
        fixture function definitions into FixtureDef objects and internal
        data structures.

        During collection of test functions, metafunc-mechanics instantiate
        a FuncFixtureInfo object which is cached per node/func-name.
        This FuncFixtureInfo object is later retrieved by Function nodes
        which themselves offer a fixturenames attribute.

        The FuncFixtureInfo object holds information about fixtures and FixtureDefs
        relevant for a particular function.  An initial list of fixtures is
        assembled like this:

        - ini-defined usefixtures
        - autouse-marked fixtures along the collection chain up from the function
        - usefixtures markers at module/class/function level
        - test function funcargs

        Subsequently the funcfixtureinfo.fixturenames attribute is computed
        as the closure of the fixtures needed to setup the initial fixtures,
        i. e. fixtures needed by fixture functions themselves are appended
        to the fixturenames list.

        Upon the test-setup phases all fixturenames are instantiated, retrieved
        by a lookup of their FuncFixtureInfo.
        """

        FixtureLookupError = FixtureLookupError
        FixtureLookupErrorRepr = FixtureLookupErrorRepr

        def __init__(self, session):
            self.session = session
            self.config = session.config
            self._arg2fixturedefs = {}
            self._holderobjseen = set()
            self._arg2finish = {}
            self._nodeid_and_autousenames = [("", self.config.getini("usefixtures"))]
            session.config.pluginmanager.register(self, "funcmanage")

        def _get_direct_parametrize_args(self, node):
            """This function returns all the direct parametrization
            arguments of a node, so we don't mistake them for fixtures

            Check https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/5036

            This things are done later as well when dealing with parametrization
            so this could be improved
            """
            from _pytest.mark import ParameterSet

            parametrize_argnames = []
            for marker in node.iter_markers(name="parametrize"):
                if not marker.kwargs.get("indirect", False):
                    p_argnames, _ = ParameterSet._parse_parametrize_args(
                        *marker.args, **marker.kwargs
                    )
                    parametrize_argnames.extend(p_argnames)

            return parametrize_argnames

        def getfixtureinfo(self, node, func, cls, funcargs=True):
            if funcargs and not getattr(node, "nofuncargs", False):
                argnames = getfuncargnames(func, cls=cls)
            else:
                argnames = ()

            usefixtures = itertools.chain.from_iterable(
                mark.args for mark in node.iter_markers(name="usefixtures")
            )
            initialnames = tuple(usefixtures) + argnames
            fm = node.session._fixturemanager
            initialnames, names_closure, arg2fixturedefs = fm.getfixtureclosure(
                initialnames, node, ignore_args=self._get_direct_parametrize_args(node)
            )
            return FuncFixtureInfo(argnames, initialnames, names_closure, arg2fixturedefs)

        def pytest_plugin_registered(self, plugin):
            nodeid = None
            try:
                p = py.path.local(plugin.__file__).realpath()
            except AttributeError:
                pass
            else:
                # construct the base nodeid which is later used to check
                # what fixtures are visible for particular tests (as denoted
                # by their test id)
                if p.basename.startswith("conftest.py"):
                    nodeid = p.dirpath().relto(self.config.rootdir)
                    if p.sep != nodes.SEP:
                        nodeid = nodeid.replace(p.sep, nodes.SEP)

            self.parsefactories(plugin, nodeid)

        def _getautousenames(self, nodeid):
            """ return a tuple of fixture names to be used. """
            autousenames = []
            for baseid, basenames in self._nodeid_and_autousenames:
                if nodeid.startswith(baseid):
                    if baseid:
                        i = len(baseid)
                        nextchar = nodeid[i : i + 1]
                        if nextchar and nextchar not in ":/":
                            continue
                    autousenames.extend(basenames)
            return autousenames

        def getfixtureclosure(self, fixturenames, parentnode, ignore_args=()):
            # collect the closure of all fixtures , starting with the given
            # fixturenames as the initial set.  As we have to visit all
            # factory definitions anyway, we also return an arg2fixturedefs
            # mapping so that the caller can reuse it and does not have
            # to re-discover fixturedefs again for each fixturename
            # (discovering matching fixtures for a given name/node is expensive)

            parentid = parentnode.nodeid
            fixturenames_closure = self._getautousenames(parentid)

            def merge(otherlist):
                for arg in otherlist:
                    if arg not in fixturenames_closure:
                        fixturenames_closure.append(arg)

            merge(fixturenames)

            # at this point, fixturenames_closure contains what we call "initialnames",
            # which is a set of fixturenames the function immediately requests. We
            # need to return it as well, so save this.
            initialnames = tuple(fixturenames_closure)

            arg2fixturedefs = {}
            lastlen = -1
            while lastlen != len(fixturenames_closure):
                lastlen = len(fixturenames_closure)
                for argname in fixturenames_closure:
                    if argname in ignore_args:
                        continue
                    if argname in arg2fixturedefs:
                        continue
                    fixturedefs = self.getfixturedefs(argname, parentid)
                    if fixturedefs:
                        arg2fixturedefs[argname] = fixturedefs
                        merge(fixturedefs[-1].argnames)

            def sort_by_scope(arg_name):
                try:
                    fixturedefs = arg2fixturedefs[arg_name]
                except KeyError:
                    return scopes.index("function")
                else:
                    return fixturedefs[-1].scopenum

            fixturenames_closure.sort(key=sort_by_scope)
            return initialnames, fixturenames_closure, arg2fixturedefs

        def pytest_generate_tests(self, metafunc):
            for argname in metafunc.fixturenames:
                faclist = metafunc._arg2fixturedefs.get(argname)
                if faclist:
                    fixturedef = faclist[-1]
                    if fixturedef.params is not None:
                        markers = list(metafunc.definition.iter_markers("parametrize"))
                        for parametrize_mark in markers:
                            if "argnames" in parametrize_mark.kwargs:
                                argnames = parametrize_mark.kwargs["argnames"]
                            else:
                                argnames = parametrize_mark.args[0]

                            if not isinstance(argnames, (tuple, list)):
                                argnames = [
                                    x.strip() for x in argnames.split(",") if x.strip()
                                ]
                            if argname in argnames:
                                break
                        else:
                            metafunc.parametrize(
                                argname,
                                fixturedef.params,
                                indirect=True,
                                scope=fixturedef.scope,
                                ids=fixturedef.ids,
                            )
                else:
                    continue  # will raise FixtureLookupError at setup time

        def pytest_collection_modifyitems(self, items):
            # separate parametrized setups
            items[:] = reorder_items(items)

        def parsefactories(self, node_or_obj, nodeid=NOTSET, unittest=False):
            if nodeid is not NOTSET:
                holderobj = node_or_obj
            else:
                holderobj = node_or_obj.obj
                nodeid = node_or_obj.nodeid
            if holderobj in self._holderobjseen:
                return

            self._holderobjseen.add(holderobj)
            autousenames = []
            for name in dir(holderobj):
                # The attribute can be an arbitrary descriptor, so the attribute
                # access below can raise. safe_getatt() ignores such exceptions.
                obj = safe_getattr(holderobj, name, None)
                marker = getfixturemarker(obj)
                if not isinstance(marker, FixtureFunctionMarker):
                    # magic globals  with __getattr__ might have got us a wrong
                    # fixture attribute
                    continue

                if marker.name:
                    name = marker.name

                # during fixture definition we wrap the original fixture function
                # to issue a warning if called directly, so here we unwrap it in order to not emit the warning
                # when pytest itself calls the fixture function
                if six.PY2 and unittest:
                    # hack on Python 2 because of the unbound methods
                    obj = get_real_func(obj)
                else:
                    obj = get_real_method(obj, holderobj)

                fixture_def = FixtureDef(
                    self,
                    nodeid,
                    name,
                    obj,
                    marker.scope,
                    marker.params,
                    unittest=unittest,
                    ids=marker.ids,
                )

                faclist = self._arg2fixturedefs.setdefault(name, [])
                if fixture_def.has_location:
                    faclist.append(fixture_def)
                else:
                    # fixturedefs with no location are at the front
                    # so this inserts the current fixturedef after the
                    # existing fixturedefs from external plugins but
                    # before the fixturedefs provided in conftests.
                    i = len([f for f in faclist if not f.has_location])
                    faclist.insert(i, fixture_def)
                if marker.autouse:
                    autousenames.append(name)

            if autousenames:
                self._nodeid_and_autousenames.append((nodeid or "", autousenames))

        def getfixturedefs(self, argname, nodeid):
            """
            Gets a list of fixtures which are applicable to the given node id.

            :param str argname: name of the fixture to search for
            :param str nodeid: full node id of the requesting test.
            :return: list[FixtureDef]
            """
            try:
                fixturedefs = self._arg2fixturedefs[argname]
            except KeyError:
                return None
            return tuple(self._matchfactories(fixturedefs, nodeid))

        def _matchfactories(self, fixturedefs, nodeid):
            for fixturedef in fixturedefs:
                if nodes.ischildnode(fixturedef.baseid, nodeid):
                    yield fixturedef