# PyPy v7.3.8: release of python 2.7, 3.7, 3.8, and 3.9-beta, released 2022-2-20

The PyPy team is proud to release version 7.3.8 of PyPy. It has been only a few months since our last release, but we have some nice speedups and bugfixes we wish to share. The release includes four different interpreters:

> - PyPy2.7, which is an interpreter supporting the syntax and the features of Python 2.7 including the stdlib for CPython 2.7.18+ (the `+` is for backported security updates)

> - PyPy3.7, which is an interpreter supporting the syntax and the features of Python 3.7, including the stdlib for CPython 3.7.12. This will be the last release of PyPy3.7.

> - PyPy3.8, which is an interpreter supporting the syntax and the features of Python 3.8, including the stdlib for CPython 3.8.12. This is our third release of this interpreter, and we are removing the "beta" tag.

> - PyPy3.9, which is an interpreter supporting the syntax and the features of Python 3.9, including the stdlib for CPython 3.9.10. As this is our first release of this interpreter, we relate to this as "beta" quality. We welcome testing of this version, if you discover incompatibilities, please report them so we can gain confidence in the version.

The interpreters are based on much the same codebase, thus the multiple release. This is a micro release, all APIs are compatible with the other 7.3 releases. Highlights of the release, since the release of 7.3.7 in late October 2021, include:

> - PyPy3.9 uses an RPython version of the PEG parser which brought with it a cleanup of the lexer and parser in general

> - Fixed a regression in PyPy3.8 when JITting empty list comprehensions

> - Tweaked some issues around changing the file layout after packaging to make the on-disk layout of PyPy3.8 more compatible with CPython. This requires `setuptools>=58.1.0`

> - RPython now allows the target executable to have a `.` in its name, so PyPy3.9 will produce a `pypy3.9-c` and `libpypy3.9-c.so`. Changing the name of the shared object to be version-specific (it used to be `libpypy3-c.so`) will allow it to live alongside other versions.

> - Building PyPy3.9+ accepts a `--platlibdir` argument like CPython.

> - Improvement in ssl's use of CFFI buffers to speed up `recv` and `recvinto`

> - Update the packaged OpenSSL to 1.1.1m

We recommend updating. You can find links to download the v7.3.8 releases here:

> https://pypy.org/download.html

We would like to thank our donors for the continued support of the PyPy project. If PyPy is not quite good enough for your needs, we are available for direct consulting work. If PyPy is helping you out, we would love to hear about it and encourage submissions to our blog via a pull request to https://github.com/pypy/pypy.org

We would also like to thank our contributors and encourage new people to join the project. PyPy has many layers and we need help with all of them: PyPy and RPython documentation improvements, tweaking popular modules to run on PyPy, or general help with making RPython's JIT even better. Since the previous release, we have accepted contributions from 6 new contributors, thanks for pitching in, and welcome to the project!

If you are a python library maintainer and use C-extensions, please consider making a HPy / CFFI / cppyy version of your library that would be performant on PyPy. In any case both cibuildwheel and the multibuild system support building wheels for PyPy.

## What is PyPy?

PyPy is a Python interpreter, a drop-in replacement for CPython 2.7, 3.7, 3.8 and 3.9. It's fast (PyPy and CPython 3.7.4 performance comparison) due to its integrated tracing JIT compiler.

We also welcome developers of other dynamic languages to see what RPython can do for them.

This PyPy release supports:

> - x86 machines on most common operating systems (Linux 32/64 bits, Mac OS X 64 bits, Windows 64 bits, OpenBSD, FreeBSD)

> - 64-bit ARM machines running Linux. A shoutout to Huawei for sponsoring the VM running the tests.

> - s390x running Linux

> - big- and little-endian variants of PPC64 running Linux,

PyPy support Windows 32-bit, PPC64 big- and little-endian, and ARM 32 bit, but does not release binaries. Please reach out to us if you wish to sponsor releases for those platforms.

## Known Issues with PyPy3.9

- There is still a known speed regression around `**kwargs` handling

- We slightly modified the concurrent future's `ProcessExcecutorPool` to start all the worker processes when the first task is received (like on Python3.8) to avoid an apparent race condition when using `fork` and threads (issue 3650).

## Changelog

### Bugfixes shared across versions

- Fix error formatting of in-place TypeErrors (`a += 'aa'` )

- Fix corner case in `float.fromhex` (bpo44954)

- Copy `dtoa` changes from CPython (bpo40780)

- Use `symtable` to improve the position of "duplicate argument" errors

- Add `__builtins__` to globals `dict` when calling `eval` (issue 3584)

- Update embedded OpenSSL to 1.1.1m (bpo43522)

- Avoid using `epoll_event` directly from RPython since it is a `packed struct`

- Clean up some compilation warnings around const char *` conversions to `char *`

- Make sure that frozensets cannot be mutated by using methods from set (issue 3676)

### Speedups and enhancements shared across versions

- Add unicodedata version 13, make 3.2 the basis of unicodedata compression

- Use 10.9 as a minimum `MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET` to match CPython

- Only compute the `Some*` annotation types once, not every time we call a type checked function

- Update version of pycparser to 2.21

- Update vendored vmprof to support ppc64

- Update CFFI to 1.15.0, no real changes

- Stop doing guard strengthening with guards that come from inlining the short preamble. Doing that can lead to endless bridges (issue 3598)

- Split __pypy__.do_what_I_mean()` into the original plus `__pypy__._internal_crash` to make the meaning more clear. These are functions only useful for internal testing (issue 3617).

- Prepare `_ssl` for OpenSSL3

- Improve `x << y` where `x` and `y` are `ints` but the results doesn't fit into a machine word: don't convert `y` to `rbigint` and back to int

- Avoid updating counter when using --jit off.

- Speed up `str` -> `float` conversion for the fast path (ascii, no `'_'`, no `INF`, no leading or trailing whitespace). PyPy with --jit off` is now faster than CPython for this fastpath (issue 3682).

#### C-API (cpyext) and C-extensions

We are no longer backporting changes to the `cpyext` compatibility layer to PyPy2.7.

### Python 3.7+ bugfixes

- Fix various problems with the Windows `_overlapped` module (issue 3589, )

- Fix error generation on `_ssl` in Windows

- Properly handle `_PYTHON_SYSCONFIGDATA_NAME` when importing `_sysconfigdata`

- Restore broken revdb GC support

- Fix `sys.path[0]` to be `''` (not the actual full path) when run interactively

- Add `_socket.socket.timeout` getter

- Fix overflow detection on `array.array` on windows (issue 3604)

- Add a typedef for `AsyncGenValueWrapper` since you can reach it with a trace hook, leading to a segfault

- Add an `index` value to `iter(range()).__reduce__` for compatibility

- Fix position of syntax errors raised while parsing f-string subexpressions

- Fix stack effect of `EXTENDED_ARG`

- Fix incrementality in the unicode escape handler

- Like CPython, limit `pwd.getpwnam` to `str` (issue 3624)

- Only use `run_fork_hooks` in `_posixprocess.fork_exec` if `preexec_fn` is used (issue 3630)

- Remove redundant call to `threading._after_fork` (issue 3623)

- Fix filename in exception raised sometimes when running code with `-c`

- Fixes for the `signal` module on windows so that `raise_signal` will not segfault

- Detail about `PYTHONIOENCODING`: if the encoding or the error is omitted, always use `utf-8/strict` (instead of asking the locale)

- Disallow overriding the `__context__` descriptor from `BaseException` when chaining exceptions (issue 3644)

- Replace `raise ImportError` with `raise ModuleNotFoundError` where appropriate in pure-python equivalents of CPython builtin modules

- Add missing `rewinddir()` at the end of `os.scandir`

- `os.dup2` now returns `fd2`

- Make `__fspath__` errors compatible with CPython

- Fix handling of backslash in raw unicode escape decoders that don't start valid escape sequences (issue 3652)

- Add missing equivalent of `_Py_RestoreSignals()` call in `fork_exec`

- Catch exceptions in `atexit` functions to avoid crashing the interpreter at shutdown

- Update `fast2locals` to deal with the fact that it's now possible to delete cell vars (was forbidden in Python2) (issue 3656)

- Allow hashing memoryviews (issue 2756)

### Python 3.7+ speedups and enhancements

- Use buffer pinning to improve CFFI-based `_ssl` performance

- Add a fast path in the parser for unicode literals with no `\\` escapes

- In glibc `mbstowcs()` can return values above 0x10ffff (bpo35883)

- Speed up `new_interned_str` by using better caching detection

- When building a class, make sure to use a specialized `moduledict`, not a regular empty dict

- Implement `_opcode.stack_effect`

- Share more `W_UnicodeObject` prebuilt instances, shrink the binary by over 1MB

- Fix the ctypes errcheck protocol

- Various fixes in the windows-only `_overlapped` module (issue 3625)

- Implement `-X utf8`

- Add `WITH_DYLD` to `sysconfig` for darwin

#### Python 3.7 C-API

- Added `PyDescr_NewGetSet`, `PyModule_NewObject`, `PyModule_ExecDef`, `PyCodec_Decode`, `PyCodec_Encode`, `PyErr_WarnExplicit`, `PyDateTime_TimeZone_UTC`, `PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize`

- Fix segfault when using format strings in `PyUnicode_FromFormat` and `PyErr_Format` (issue 3593)

- `_PyObject_LookupAttrId` does not raise `AttributeError`

- Fix cpyext implementation of `contextvars.get`

- Deprecate `PyPy.h`, mention the contents in the embedding docs (issue 3608)

- Remove duplicate definition of `Py_hash_t`, document diff to CPython (issue 3612)

- Fix overflow error message when converting Python `int` to C `int`

- Alias `PyDateTime_DATE_GET_FOLD`, which CPython uses instead of the documented `PyDateTime_GET_FOLD` (issue 3627)

- Add some `_PyHASH*` macros (issue 3590)

- Fix signature of `PyUnicode_DecodeLocale` (issue 3661)

### Python 3.8+ bugfixes

- Unwrapping an unsigned short raises `ValueError` on negative numbers

- Make properties unpicklable

- When packaging, fix finding dependencies of shared objects for portable builds and fix location of tcl/tk runtimes (issue 3616). Also ignore `__pycache__` directories.

- Match CPython errors in `_io.open` and `socket.socket(fileno=fileno)`

- Add `LDFLAGS` to `sysconfig` values

- PyPy reports the IPv6 scope ID in `getaddrinfo` where CPython does not. Fix stdlib tests to allow PyPy's `__repr__`. bpo35545 touches on this. (issue 3628)

- Fix small bugs when raising errors in various stdlib modules that caused stdlib test failures

- Update bundled `setuptools` to `58.1.0` to get the fix for the new PyPy layout

- Fix `multiprocessing.sharedmemory` on windows (issue 3678).

### Python 3.8+ speedups and enhancements

- Implement reversed items and values iterator pickling, fix reversed keys iterator pickling

- Add more auditing events, while skipping CPython-specific tracing and attribute-modification tracing

- Fixed a speed regression when JITting empty list comprehensions (issue 3598)

- Make sure that all bytecodes that can close a loop go via `jump_absolute`, so the JIT can trace them

#### Python 3.8 C-API

- Add `exports.h` and refactor headers to more closely follow CPython

- `PyLong_AsLong` tries `__index__` first (issue 3585)

- Redo `PyTypeObject` to be able to use the `tp_vectorcall` slot without changing ABI compatibility (issue 3618) by appropriating the PyPy-only `tp_pypy_flags` slot. Users should upgrade Cython to 0.2.26 to avoid a compiler warning.

- Add `PyCompilerFlags.cf_feature_version` (bpo35766)

- Distinguish between a C-API `CMethod` and an app-level `Method`, which is important for obscure reasons