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# Interactive use of PyEPR

In this tutorial it is showed an example of how to use PyEPR interactively to open, browse and display data of an ENVISAT ASAR product.

For the interactive session it is used the IPython interactive shell an started with the ipython -pylab option to enable interactive plotting provided by the matplotlib package.

The ASAR product used in this example is a free sample available at the ESA web site.

## `epr` module and classes

After starting the ipython shell with the following command:

    $ ipython -pylab

one can import the `epr` module and start start taking confidence with available classes and functions:

    Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Sep 15 2010, 16:22:56)
    Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

    IPython 0.10 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
    ?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
    %quickref -> Quick reference.
    help      -> Python's own help system.
    object?   -> Details about 'object'. ?object also works, ?? prints more.

      Welcome to pylab, a matplotlib-based Python environment.
      For more information, type 'help(pylab)'.

    In [1]: import epr

    In [2]: epr?

    Base Class:       <type 'module'>
    String Form:   <module 'epr' from 'epr.so'>
    Namespace:        Interactive
    File:             /home/antonio/projects/pyepr/epr.so
    Docstring:
        Python bindings for ENVISAT Product Reader C API

        PyEPR_ provides Python_ bindings for the ENVISAT Product Reader C API
        (`EPR API`_) for reading satellite data from ENVISAT_ ESA_ (European
        Space Agency) mission.

        PyEPR_ is fully object oriented and, as well as the `EPR API`_ for C,
        supports ENVISAT_ MERIS, AATSR Level 1B and Level 2 and also ASAR data
        products. It provides access to the data either on a geophysical
        (decoded, ready-to-use pixel samples) or on a raw data layer.
        The raw data access makes it possible to read any data field contained
        in a product file.

        .. _PyEPR: http://avalentino.github.com/pyepr
        .. _Python: http://www.python.org
        .. _`EPR API`: https://github.com/bcdev/epr-api
        .. _ENVISAT: http://envisat.esa.int
        .. _ESA: http://earth.esa.int

    In [3]: epr.__version__, epr.EPR_C_API_VERSION
    Out[3]: ('0.8.1', '2.3dev')

Docstrings are available for almost all classes, methods and functions in the `epr` and they can be displayed using the `help()` python command or the `?` IPython shortcut as showed above.

Also IPython provides a handy tab completion mechanism to automatically complete commands or to display available functions and classes:

    In [4]: product = epr. [TAB]
    epr.Band                     epr.E_TID_STRING
    epr.DSD                      epr.E_TID_TIME
    epr.Dataset                  epr.E_TID_UCHAR
    epr.EPRError                 epr.E_TID_UINT
    epr.EPRTime                  epr.E_TID_UNKNOWN
    epr.EPRValueError            epr.E_TID_USHORT
    epr.EPR_C_API_VERSION        epr.EprObject
    epr.E_SMID_LIN               epr.Field
    epr.E_SMID_LOG               epr.Product
    epr.E_SMID_NON               epr.Raster
    epr.E_SMOD_1OF1              epr.Record
    epr.E_SMOD_1OF2              epr.create_bitmask_raster
    epr.E_SMOD_2OF2              epr.create_raster
    epr.E_SMOD_2TOF              epr.data_type_id_to_str
    epr.E_SMOD_3TOI              epr.get_data_type_size
    epr.E_TID_CHAR               epr.get_sample_model_name
    epr.E_TID_DOUBLE             epr.get_scaling_method_name
    epr.E_TID_FLOAT              epr.np
    epr.E_TID_INT                epr.open
    epr.E_TID_SHORT              epr.so
    epr.E_TID_SPARE              epr.sys

## `epr.Product` navigation

The first thing to do is to use the `epr.open()` function to get an instance of the desired ENVISAT `epr.Product`:

    In [4]: product = epr.open(\
    'ASA_IMP_1PNUPA20060202_062233_000000152044_00435_20529_3110.N1')

    In [4]: product.
    product.bands                product.get_mph
    product.close                product.get_num_bands
    product.closed               product.get_num_datasets
    product.datasets             product.get_num_dsds
    product.file_path            product.get_scene_height
    product.get_band             product.get_scene_width
    product.get_band_at          product.get_sph
    product.get_band_names       product.id_string
    product.get_dataset          product.meris_iodd_version
    product.get_dataset_at       product.read_bitmask_raster
    product.get_dataset_names    product.tot_size
    product.get_dsd_at

    In [5]: product.tot_size / 1024.**2
    Out[5]: 132.01041889190674

    In [6]: print(product)
    epr.Product(ASA_IMP_1PNUPA20060202_ ...) 7 datasets, 5 bands

    epr.Dataset(MDS1_SQ_ADS) 1 records
    epr.Dataset(MAIN_PROCESSING_PARAMS_ADS) 1 records
    epr.Dataset(DOP_CENTROID_COEFFS_ADS) 1 records
    epr.Dataset(SR_GR_ADS) 1 records
    epr.Dataset(CHIRP_PARAMS_ADS) 1 records
    epr.Dataset(GEOLOCATION_GRID_ADS) 11 records
    epr.Dataset(MDS1) 8192 records

    epr.Band(slant_range_time) of epr.Product(ASA_IMP_1PNUPA20060202_ ...)
    epr.Band(incident_angle) of epr.Product(ASA_IMP_1PNUPA20060202_ ...)
    epr.Band(latitude) of epr.Product(ASA_IMP_1PNUPA20060202 ...)
    epr.Band(longitude) of epr.Product(ASA_IMP_1PNUPA20060202 ...)
    epr.Band(proc_data) of epr.Product(ASA_IMP_1PNUPA20060202 ...)

A short summary of product contents can be displayed simply printing the `epr.Product` object as showed above. Being able to display contents of each object it is easy to keep browsing and get all desired information from the product:

    In [7]: dataset = product.get_dataset('MAIN_PROCESSING_PARAMS_ADS')

    In [8]: dataset
    Out[8]: epr.Dataset(MAIN_PROCESSING_PARAMS_ADS) 1 records

    In [9]: record = dataset.[TAB]
    dataset.create_record    dataset.get_dsd_name     dataset.product
    dataset.description      dataset.get_name         dataset.read_record
    dataset.get_dsd          dataset.get_num_records  dataset.records

    In [9]: record = dataset.read_record(0)

    In [10]: record
    Out[10]: <epr.Record object at 0x33570f0> 220 fields

    In [11]: record.get_field_names()[:20]
    Out[11]:
    ['first_zero_doppler_time',
     'attach_flag',
     'last_zero_doppler_time',
     'work_order_id',
     'time_diff',
     'swath_id',
     'range_spacing',
     'azimuth_spacing',
     'line_time_interval',
     'num_output_lines',
     'num_samples_per_line',
     'data_type',
     'spare_1',
     'data_analysis_flag',
     'ant_elev_corr_flag',
     'chirp_extract_flag',
     'srgr_flag',
     'dop_cen_flag',
     'dop_amb_flag',
     'range_spread_comp_flag']

    In [12]: field = record.get_field('range_spacing')

    In [13]: field.get [TAB]
    field.get_description  field.get_name         field.get_unit
    field.get_elem         field.get_num_elems
    field.get_elems        field.get_type

    In [13]: field.get_description()
    Out[13]: 'Range sample spacing'

    In [14]: epr.data_type_id_to_str(field.get_type())
    Out[14]: 'float'

    In [15]: field.get_num_elems()
    Out[15]: 1

    In [16]: field.get_unit()
    Out[16]: 'm'

    In [17]: print(field)
    range_spacing = 12.500000

## Iterating over `epr` objects

`epr.Record` objects are also iterable so one can write code like the following:

    In [18]: for field in record:
                 if field.get_num_elems() == 4:
                     print('%s: %d elements' % (field.get_name(), len(field)))

            ....:
    nominal_chirp.1.nom_chirp_amp: 4 elements
    nominal_chirp.1.nom_chirp_phs: 4 elements
    nominal_chirp.2.nom_chirp_amp: 4 elements
    nominal_chirp.2.nom_chirp_phs: 4 elements
    nominal_chirp.3.nom_chirp_amp: 4 elements
    nominal_chirp.3.nom_chirp_phs: 4 elements
    nominal_chirp.4.nom_chirp_amp: 4 elements
    nominal_chirp.4.nom_chirp_phs: 4 elements
    nominal_chirp.5.nom_chirp_amp: 4 elements
    nominal_chirp.5.nom_chirp_phs: 4 elements
    beam_merge_sl_range: 4 elements
    beam_merge_alg_param: 4 elements

## Image data

Dealing with image data is simple as well:

    In [19]: product.get_band_names()
    Out[19]: ['slant_range_time',
              'incident_angle',
              'latitude',
              'longitude',
              'proc_data']

    In [19]: band = product.get_band('proc_data')

    In [20]: data = band. [TAB]
    band.bm_expr                   band.read_raster
    band.create_compatible_raster  band.sample_model
    band.data_type                 band.scaling_factor
    band.description               band.scaling_method
    band.get_name                  band.scaling_offset
    band.lines_mirrored            band.spectr_band_index
    band.product                   band.unit
    band.read_as_array

    In [20]: data = band.read_as_array(1000, 1000, xoffset=100, \
    yoffset=6500, xstep=2, ystep=2)

    In [21]: data
    Out[21]:
    array([[ 146.,  153.,  134., ...,   51.,   55.,   72.],
           [ 198.,  163.,  146., ...,   26.,   54.,   57.],
           [ 127.,  205.,  105., ...,   64.,   76.,   61.],
           ...,
           [  64.,   78.,   52., ...,   96.,  176.,  159.],
           [  66.,   41.,   45., ...,  200.,  153.,  203.],
           [  64.,   71.,   88., ...,  289.,  182.,  123.]], dtype=float32)

    In [22]: data.shape
    Out[22]: (500, 500)

    In [23]: imshow(data, cmap=cm.gray, vmin=0, vmax=1000)
    Out[23]: <matplotlib.image.AxesImage object at 0x60dcf10>

    In [24]: title(band.description)
    Out[24]: <matplotlib.text.Text object at 0x67e9950>

    In [25]: colorbar()
    Out[25]: <matplotlib.colorbar.Colorbar instance at 0x6b18cb0>

Image data read from the “proc_data” band

## Closing the epr.Product

Finally the `epr.Product` can be closed using the `epr.Product.close()` method:

    In [26]: product.close()

After a product is closed no more I/O operations can be performed on it. Any attempt to do it will raise a `ValueError`:

    In [27]: product.tot_size / 1024.**2
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ValueError                              Traceback (most recent call last)
    <ipython-input-13-6420c80534dc> in <module>()
    ----> 1 product.tot_size / 1024.**2

    epr.so in epr.Product.tot_size.__get__ (src/epr.c:16534)()

    epr.so in epr.Product.check_closed_product (src/epr.c:16230)()

    ValueError: I/O operation on closed file

At any time the user can check whenever a `epr.Product` is closed or not using the `epr.Product.closed` property:

    In [28]: product.closed
    Out[28]: True

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