#### 6.6.1 `echo` example

We consider building a simple “Echo” CORBA server and client. This application echoes a string. The source code for this example is located in the `examples/corba/echo` directory in the PolyORB distribution. This applications uses only basic elements of CORBA.

To build this application, you need the following pieces of code:

1. IDL definition of an `echo` object
2. Implementation code for the `echo` object
3. Code for client and server nodes

##### 6.6.1.1 IDL definition of an `echo` object

This interface defines an `echo` object with a unique method `echoString`. Per construction, this method returns its argument.

         interface Echo {
           string echoString (in string Mesg);
         };

##### 6.6.1.2 Implementation code for the `echo` object

Package `Echo.Impl` is an implementation of this interface. This implementation follows the IDL-to-Ada mapping.

         ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         --                                                                          --
         --                           POLYORB COMPONENTS                             --
         --                                                                          --
         --                            E C H O . I M P L                             --
         --                                                                          --
         --                                 S p e c                                  --
         --                                                                          --
         --         Copyright (C) 2002-2008, Free Software Foundation, Inc.          --
         --                                                                          --
         -- PolyORB is free software; you  can  redistribute  it and/or modify it    --
         -- under terms of the  GNU General Public License as published by the  Free --
         -- Software Foundation;  either version 2,  or (at your option)  any  later --
         -- version. PolyORB is distributed  in the hope that it will be  useful,    --
         -- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the implied warranty of MERCHAN- --
         -- TABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public --
         -- License  for more details.  You should have received  a copy of the GNU  --
         -- General Public License distributed with PolyORB; see file COPYING. If    --
         -- not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, --
         -- Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.                                              --
         --                                                                          --
         --                                                                          --
         --                PolyORB is maintained by ACT Europe.                      --
         --                    (email: sales@act-europe.fr)                          --
         --                                                                          --
         ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

         with CORBA;
         with PortableServer;

         package Echo.Impl is

            --  My own implementation of echo object.
            --  This is simply used to define the operations.

            type Object is new PortableServer.Servant_Base with null record;

            type Object_Acc is access Object;

            function EchoString
              (Self : access Object;
               Mesg : CORBA.String)
              return CORBA.String;

         end Echo.Impl;

         ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         --                                                                          --
         --                           POLYORB COMPONENTS                             --
         --                                                                          --
         --                            E C H O . I M P L                             --
         --                                                                          --
         --                                 B o d y                                  --
         --                                                                          --
         --         Copyright (C) 2002-2008, Free Software Foundation, Inc.          --
         --                                                                          --
         -- PolyORB is free software; you  can  redistribute  it and/or modify it    --
         -- under terms of the  GNU General Public License as published by the  Free --
         -- Software Foundation;  either version 2,  or (at your option)  any  later --
         -- version. PolyORB is distributed  in the hope that it will be  useful,    --
         -- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the implied warranty of MERCHAN- --
         -- TABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public --
         -- License  for more details.  You should have received  a copy of the GNU  --
         -- General Public License distributed with PolyORB; see file COPYING. If    --
         -- not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, --
         -- Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.                                              --
         --                                                                          --
         --                                                                          --
         --                PolyORB is maintained by ACT Europe.                      --
         --                    (email: sales@act-europe.fr)                          --
         --                                                                          --
         ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

         with Ada.Text_IO;

         with Echo.Skel;
         pragma Warnings (Off, Echo.Skel);
         --  No entity from Echo.Skel is referenced.

         package body Echo.Impl is

            ----------------
            -- EchoString --
            ----------------

            function EchoString
              (Self : access Object;
               Mesg : CORBA.String)
              return CORBA.String
            is
               pragma Warnings (Off);
               pragma Unreferenced (Self);
               pragma Warnings (On);
            begin
               Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line
                 ("Echoing string: « " & CORBA.To_Standard_String (Mesg)
                  & " »");
               return Mesg;
            end EchoString;

         end Echo.Impl;

Note: `Echo.Impl` body requires a dependency on `Echo.Skel` to ensure the elaboration of skeleton code and the correct setup of PolyORB's internals.

##### 6.6.1.3 Test code for client and server nodes

Client and server code demonstrate how to make a remote invocation on a CORBA object, and how to set up an object on a server node.

Note: the dependency on `PolyORB.Setup.Client` or `PolyORB.Setup.No_Tasking_Server` enforces compile-time configuration, see Sample files.

- Client code tests a simple remote invocation on an object. It is a no-tasking client. A reference to the object is built from a stringified reference (or `IOR`), which is passed on command line.

                ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                --                                                                          --
                --                           POLYORB COMPONENTS                             --
                --                                                                          --
                --                               C L I E N T                                --
                --                                                                          --
                --                                 B o d y                                  --
                --                                                                          --
                --         Copyright (C) 2002-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.           --
                --                                                                          --
                -- PolyORB is free software; you  can  redistribute  it and/or modify it    --
                -- under terms of the  GNU General Public License as published by the  Free --
                -- Software Foundation;  either version 2,  or (at your option)  any  later --
                -- version. PolyORB is distributed  in the hope that it will be  useful,    --
                -- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the implied warranty of MERCHAN- --
                -- TABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public --
                -- License  for more details.  You should have received  a copy of the GNU  --
                -- General Public License distributed with PolyORB; see file COPYING. If    --
                -- not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, --
                -- Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.                                              --
                --                                                                          --
                --                                                                          --
                --                PolyORB is maintained by ACT Europe.                      --
                --                    (email: sales@act-europe.fr)                          --
                --                                                                          --
                ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                --   echo client.

                with Ada.Command_Line;
                with Ada.Text_IO;
                with CORBA.ORB;

                with Echo;

                with PolyORB.Setup.Client;
                pragma Warnings (Off, PolyORB.Setup.Client);

                with PolyORB.Utils.Report;

                procedure Client is
                   use Ada.Command_Line;
                   use Ada.Text_IO;
                   use PolyORB.Utils.Report;

                   Sent_Msg, Rcvd_Msg : CORBA.String;
                   myecho : Echo.Ref;

                begin
                   New_Test ("Echo client");

                   CORBA.ORB.Initialize ("ORB");
                   if Argument_Count /= 1 then
                      Put_Line ("usage : client <IOR_string_from_server>|-i");
                      return;
                   end if;

                   --  Getting the CORBA.Object

                   CORBA.ORB.String_To_Object
                     (CORBA.To_CORBA_String (Ada.Command_Line.Argument (1)), myecho);

                   --  Checking if it worked

                   if Echo.Is_Nil (myecho) then
                      Put_Line ("main : cannot invoke on a nil reference");
                      return;
                   end if;

                   --  Sending message

                   Sent_Msg := CORBA.To_CORBA_String (Standard.String'("Hello Ada !"));
                   Rcvd_Msg := Echo.echoString (myecho, Sent_Msg);

                   --  Printing result

                   Put_Line ("I said : " & CORBA.To_Standard_String (Sent_Msg));
                   Put_Line ("The object answered : " & CORBA.To_Standard_String (Rcvd_Msg));

                   End_Report;

                exception
                   when E : CORBA.Transient =>
                      declare
                         Memb : CORBA.System_Exception_Members;
                      begin
                         CORBA.Get_Members (E, Memb);
                         Put ("received exception transient, minor");
                         Put (CORBA.Unsigned_Long'Image (Memb.Minor));
                         Put (", completion status: ");
                         Put_Line (CORBA.Completion_Status'Image (Memb.Completed));

                         End_Report;
                      end;
                end Client;

- The server code sets up a no-tasking node. The object is registered to the `RootPOA`. Then an `IOR` reference is built to enable interaction with other nodes.

                ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                --                                                                          --
                --                           POLYORB COMPONENTS                             --
                --                                                                          --
                --                               S E R V E R                                --
                --                                                                          --
                --                                 B o d y                                  --
                --                                                                          --
                --         Copyright (C) 2002-2007, Free Software Foundation, Inc.          --
                --                                                                          --
                -- PolyORB is free software; you  can  redistribute  it and/or modify it    --
                -- under terms of the  GNU General Public License as published by the  Free --
                -- Software Foundation;  either version 2,  or (at your option)  any  later --
                -- version. PolyORB is distributed  in the hope that it will be  useful,    --
                -- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;  without even the implied warranty of MERCHAN- --
                -- TABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public --
                -- License  for more details.  You should have received  a copy of the GNU  --
                -- General Public License distributed with PolyORB; see file COPYING. If    --
                -- not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth    --
                -- Floor, Boston, MA 02111-1301, USA.                                       --
                --                                                                          --
                --                                                                          --
                --                  PolyORB is maintained by AdaCore                        --
                --                     (email: sales@adacore.com)                           --
                --                                                                          --
                ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                with Ada.Text_IO;

                with CORBA.Impl;
                with CORBA.Object;
                with CORBA.ORB;

                with PortableServer.POA.Helper;
                with PortableServer.POAManager;

                with Echo.Impl;

                with PolyORB.CORBA_P.CORBALOC;

                --  Setup server node: use no tasking default configuration

                with PolyORB.Setup.No_Tasking_Server;
                pragma Warnings (Off, PolyORB.Setup.No_Tasking_Server);

                procedure Server is
                begin

                   declare
                      Argv : CORBA.ORB.Arg_List := CORBA.ORB.Command_Line_Arguments;

                   begin
                      CORBA.ORB.Init (CORBA.ORB.To_CORBA_String ("ORB"), Argv);

                      declare
                         Root_POA : PortableServer.POA.Local_Ref;

                         Ref : CORBA.Object.Ref;

                         Obj : constant CORBA.Impl.Object_Ptr := new Echo.Impl.Object;

                      begin

                         --  Retrieve Root POA

                         Root_POA := PortableServer.POA.Helper.To_Local_Ref
                           (CORBA.ORB.Resolve_Initial_References
                            (CORBA.ORB.To_CORBA_String ("RootPOA")));

                         PortableServer.POAManager.Activate
                           (PortableServer.POA.Get_The_POAManager (Root_POA));

                         --  Set up new object

                         Ref := PortableServer.POA.Servant_To_Reference
                           (Root_POA, PortableServer.Servant (Obj));

                         --  Output IOR

                         Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line
                           ("'"
                            & CORBA.To_Standard_String (CORBA.Object.Object_To_String (Ref))
                            & "'");
                         Ada.Text_IO.New_Line;

                         --  Output corbaloc

                         Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line
                           ("'"
                            & CORBA.To_Standard_String
                            (PolyORB.CORBA_P.CORBALOC.Object_To_Corbaloc (Ref))
                            & "'");

                         --  Launch the server

                         CORBA.ORB.Run;
                      end;
                   end;
                end Server;

##### 6.6.1.4 Compilation and execution

To compile this demo,

1. Process the IDL file with `idlac` (or `iac`)

                  $ idlac echo.idl

2. Compile the client node

                  $ gnatmake client.adb `polyorb-config`

3. Compile the server node

                  $ gnatmake server.adb `polyorb-config`

Note the use of backticks (`). This means that `polyorb-config` is first executed, and then the command line is replaced with the output of the script, setting up library and include paths and library names.

To run this demo:

- run `server`, the server outputs its IOR, a hexadecimal string with the IOR: prefix:

                $ ./server
                Loading configuration from polyorb.conf
                No polyorb.conf configuration file.
                'IOR:01534f410d00000049444c3[..]'

- In another shell, run `client`, passing cut-and-pasting the complete IOR on the command line:

                $ ./client 'IOR:01534f410d00000049444c3[..]'
                Echoing string: " Hello Ada ! "
                I said : Hello Ada !
                The object answered : Hello Ada !