PMEMKV(7)

NAME

pmemkv - Key/Value Datastore for Persistent Memory

DESCRIPTION

pmemkv is a key-value datastore framework optimized for persistent memory. It provides native C API and C++ headers. Support for other languages is described in the BINDINGS section below.

It has multiple storage engines, each optimized for a different use case. They differ in implementation and capabilities:

•   persistence - this is a trade-off between data preservation and performance; persistent engines retain their content and are power fail/crash safe, but are slower; volatile engines are faster, but keep their content only until the database is closed (or application crashes; power fail occurs)

•   concurrency - engines provide a varying degree of write scalability in multi-threaded workloads. Concurrent engines support non-blocking retrievals and, on average, highly scalable updates. For details see the description of individual engines.

•   keys’ ordering - “sorted” engines support querying above/below the given key. Most sorted engines also support passing a custom comparator object (see libpmemkv_config(3)). By default, pmemkv stores elements in binary order (comparison is done using a function equivalent to std::string::compare).

Persistent engines usually use libpmemobj++ and PMDK to access NVDIMMs. They can work with files on DAX filesystem (fsdax) or DAX device.

ENGINES

Engine Name | Description | Persistent | Concurrent | Sorted
cmap | Concurrent hash map | Yes | Yes | No
vcmap | Volatile concurrent hash map | No | Yes | No
vsmap | Volatile sorted hash map | No | No | Yes
blackhole | Accepts everything, returns nothing | No | Yes | No

The most mature and recommended engine to use for persistent use-cases is cmap. It provides good performance results and stability.

Each engine can be manually turned on and off at build time, using CMake options. All engines listed here are enabled and ready to use.

To configure an engine, pmemkv_config is used (libpmemkv_config(3)). Below is a list of engines along with config parameters they expect. Each parameter has corresponding function (pmemkv_config_put_path, pmemkv_config_put_comparator, etc.), which guarantees type safety. For example to insert path parameter to the config, user should call pmemkv_config_put_path(). For some use cases, like creating config from parsed input, it may be more convenient to insert parameters by their type instead of name. Each parameter has a certain type and may be inserted to a config using appropriate function (pmemkv_config_put_string, pmemkv_config_put_int64, etc.). For example, to insert a parameter of type string, pmemkv_config_put_string function may be used. Those two ways of inserting parameters into config may be used interchangeably.

For description of pmemkv core API see libpmemkv(3).

  cmap

A persistent concurrent engine, backed by a hashmap that allows calling get, put, and remove concurrently from multiple threads and ensures good scalability. Rest of the methods (e.g. range query methods) are not thread-safe and should not be called from more than one thread. Data stored using this engine is persistent and guaranteed to be consistent in case of any kind of interruption (crash / power loss / etc).

Internally this engine uses persistent concurrent hashmap and persistent string from libpmemobj-cpp library (for details see <https://github.com/pmem/libpmemobj-cpp>). Persistent string is used as a type of a key and a value. Engine’s functions should not be called within libpmemobj transactions (improper call by user will result thrown exception).

This engine requires the following config parameters (see libpmemkv_config(3) for details how to set them):

•   path – Path to a database file or to a poolset file (see poolset(5) for details). Note that when using poolset file, size should be 0. It’s used to open or create pool (layout “pmemkv”).

    •   type: string

•   create_if_missing – If 1, pmemkv tries to open the pool and if that doesn’t succeed, it creates it. If 0, pmemkv will rely on create_or_error_if_exists flag setting. If both create_* flags will be false - pmemkv will open the pool (unless the path does not exist - then it’ll fail).

    •   type: uint64_t

    •   default value: 0

•   create_or_error_if_exists – If 1, pmemkv creates the file (but it will fail if path exists). If 0, pmemkv will rely on create_if_missing flag setting. If both create_* flags will be false - pmemkv will open the pool (unless the path does not exist - then it’ll fail).

    •   type: uint64_t

    •   default value: 0

•   size – Only needed if any of the above flags is 1. It specifies size of the database [in bytes] to create.

    •   type: uint64_t

    •   min value: 8388608 (8MB)

•   oid – Pointer to oid (for details see libpmemobj(7)) which points to engine data. If oid is null, engine will allocate new data, otherwise it will use existing one.

    •   type: object

The following table shows four possible combinations of parameters (where `-' means `cannot be set'):

# | path | create_if_missing | create_or_error_if_exists | size | oid
1 | set | 0 | 0 | N/A | -
2 | set | 1 | - | set | -
3 | set | - | 1 | set | -
4 | - | N/A | N/A | N/A | set

    ad 1: If none of the flags are set (default flags’ value is false), pmemkv will only try to open the file and it fails if the path does not exist. Size is ignored.

    ad 2: If create_if_missing flag is set, pmemkv will try to open the file (based on path) and if it doesn’t succeed, pmemkv tries to create the file. Flag create_or_error_if_exists can’t be set (or it should be set to 0).

    ad 3: If create_or_error_if_exists flag is set, pmemkv will try to create the file (and fails if it exists). Flag create_if_missing can’t be set (or it should be set to 0).

    ad 4: If oid is set, path should not be set. Both flags and size are ignored.

A database file or a poolset file can also be created using pmempool utility (see pmempool-create(1)). When using pmempool create, “pmemkv” should be passed as layout for cmap engine and “pmemkv_<engine-name>” for other engines (e.g. “pmemkv_stree” for stree engine). Only PMEMOBJ pools are supported.

  vcmap

A volatile concurrent engine, backed by memkind. Data written using this engine is lost after database is closed.

This engine is built on top of tbb::concurrent_hash_map data structure and uses PMEM C++ allocator to allocate memory. std::basic_string is used as a type of a key and a value. Memkind and TBB packages are required.

This engine requires the following config parameters (see libpmemkv_config(3) for details how to set them):

•   path – Path to an existing directory

    •   type: string

•   size – Specifies size of the database [in bytes]

    •   type: uint64_t

    •   min value: 16777216 (16MB) (value MEMKIND_PMEM_MIN_SIZE is specified in memkind.h)

  vsmap

A volatile single-threaded sorted engine, backed by memkind. Data written using this engine is lost after database is closed.

This engine is built on top of std::map and uses PMEM C++ allocator to allocate memory. std::basic_string is used as a type of a key and a value. Memkind package is required.

This engine requires the following config parameters (see libpmemkv_config(3) for details how to set them):

•   path – Path to an existing directory

    •   type: string

•   size – Specifies size of the database [in bytes]

    •   type: uint64_t

    •   min value: 16777216 (16MB) (value MEMKIND_PMEM_MIN_SIZE is specified in memkind.h)

•   comparator – (optional) Specified comparator used by the engine

    •   type: object

  blackhole

A volatile engine that accepts an unlimited amount of data, but never returns anything. Internally, blackhole does not use a persistent pool or any durable structure. The intended use of this engine is to profile and tune high-level bindings, and similar cases when persistence should be intentionally skipped. No additional packages are required. No supported configuration parameters.

  Experimental engines

There are also more engines in various states of development, for details see <https://github.com/pmem/pmemkv/blob/master/doc/ENGINES-experimental.md>. Some of them (radix, tree3, stree and csmap) requires the config parameters like cmap and similarly to cmap should not be used within libpmemobj transaction(s).

BINDINGS

Bindings for other languages are available on GitHub. Currently they support only subset of native API.

Existing bindings:

•   Java - for details see <https://github.com/pmem/pmemkv-java>

•   Node.js - for details see <https://github.com/pmem/pmemkv-nodejs>

•   Python - for details see <https://github.com/pmem/pmemkv-python>

•   Ruby - for details see <https://github.com/pmem/pmemkv-ruby>

SEE ALSO

libpmemkv(3), libpmemkv_config(3), libpmemkv_iterator(3), pmempool(1), libpmemobj(7) and <https://pmem.io>