Sets user-level session storage functions

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- PHP Manual
- Session Functions
- Sets user-level session storage functions

# session_set_save_handler

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

session_set_save_handler — Sets user-level session storage functions

### Description

session_set_save_handler(
callable `$open`,
callable `$close`,
callable `$read`,
callable `$write`,
callable `$destroy`,
callable `$gc`,
callable `$create_sid` = ?,
callable `$validate_sid` = ?,
callable `$update_timestamp` = ?
): bool

It is possible to register the following prototype:

session_set_save_handler(object `$sessionhandler`, bool `$register_shutdown` = `true`): bool

session_set_save_handler() sets the user-level session storage functions which are used for storing and retrieving data associated with a session. This is most useful when a storage method other than those supplied by PHP sessions is preferred, e.g. storing the session data in a local database.

### Parameters

This function has two prototypes.

`sessionhandler`

  An instance of a class implementing SessionHandlerInterface, and optionally SessionIdInterface and/or SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface, such as SessionHandler, to register as the session handler.

`register_shutdown`

  Register session_write_close() as a register_shutdown_function() function.

or

`open`

  A callable with the following signature:

  open(string `$savePath`, string `$sessionName`): bool

  The open callback works like a constructor in classes and is executed when the session is being opened. It is the first callback function executed when the session is started automatically or manually with session_start(). Return value is `true` for success, `false` for failure.

`close`

  A callable with the following signature:

  close(): bool

  The close callback works like a destructor in classes and is executed after the session write callback has been called. It is also invoked when session_write_close() is called. Return value should be `true` for success, `false` for failure.

`read`

  A callable with the following signature:

  read(string `$sessionId`): string

  The `read` callback must always return a session encoded (serialized) string, or an empty string if there is no data to read.

  This callback is called internally by PHP when the session starts or when session_start() is called. Before this callback is invoked PHP will invoke the `open` callback.

  The value this callback returns must be in exactly the same serialized format that was originally passed for storage to the `write` callback. The value returned will be unserialized automatically by PHP and used to populate the $_SESSION superglobal. While the data looks similar to serialize() please note it is a different format which is specified in the session.serialize_handler ini setting.

`write`

  A callable with the following signature:

  write(string `$sessionId`, string `$data`): bool

  The `write` callback is called when the session needs to be saved and closed. This callback receives the current session ID a serialized version the $_SESSION superglobal. The serialization method used internally by PHP is specified in the session.serialize_handler ini setting.

  The serialized session data passed to this callback should be stored against the passed session ID. When retrieving this data, the `read` callback must return the exact value that was originally passed to the `write` callback.

  This callback is invoked when PHP shuts down or explicitly when session_write_close() is called. Note that after executing this function PHP will internally execute the `close` callback.

  > Note:

  > The "write" handler is not executed until after the output stream is closed. Thus, output from debugging statements in the "write" handler will never be seen in the browser. If debugging output is necessary, it is suggested that the debug output be written to a file instead.

`destroy`

  A callable with the following signature:

  destroy(string `$sessionId`): bool

  This callback is executed when a session is destroyed with session_destroy() or with session_regenerate_id() with the destroy parameter set to `true`. Return value should be `true` for success, `false` for failure.

`gc`

  A callable with the following signature:

  gc(int `$lifetime`): bool

  The garbage collector callback is invoked internally by PHP periodically in order to purge old session data. The frequency is controlled by session.gc_probability and session.gc_divisor. The value of lifetime which is passed to this callback can be set in session.gc_maxlifetime. Return value should be `true` for success, `false` for failure.

`create_sid`

  A callable with the following signature:

  create_sid(): string

  This callback is executed when a new session ID is required. No parameters are provided, and the return value should be a string that is a valid session ID for your handler.

`validate_sid`

  A callable with the following signature:

  validate_sid(string `$key`): bool

  This callback is executed when a session is to be started, a session ID is supplied and session.use_strict_mode is enabled. The `key` is the session ID to validate. A session ID is valid, if a session with that ID already exists. The return value should be `true` for success, `false` for failure.

`update_timestamp`

  A callable with the following signature:

  update_timestamp(string `$key`, string `$val`): bool

  This callback is executed when a session is updated. `key` is the session ID, `val` is the session data. The return value should be `true` for success, `false` for failure.

### Return Values

Returns `true` on success or `false` on failure.

### Examples

Example #1 Custom session handler: see full code in SessionHandlerInterface synopsis.

We just show the invocation here, the full example can be seen in the SessionHandlerInterface synopsis linked above.

Note we use the OOP prototype with session_set_save_handler() and register the shutdown function using the function's parameter flag. This is generally advised when registering objects as session save handlers.

    <?phpclass MySessionHandler implements SessionHandlerInterface{    // implement interfaces here}$handler = new MySessionHandler();session_set_save_handler($handler, true);session_start();// proceed to set and retrieve values by key from $_SESSION

### Notes

Warning

The `write` and `close` handlers are called after object destruction and therefore cannot use objects or throw exceptions. Exceptions are not able to be caught since will not be caught nor will any exception trace be displayed and the execution will just cease unexpectedly. The object destructors can however use sessions.

It is possible to call session_write_close() from the destructor to solve this chicken and egg problem but the most reliable way is to register the shutdown function as described above.

Warning

Current working directory is changed with some SAPIs if session is closed in the script termination. It is possible to close the session earlier with session_write_close().

### See Also

- The session.save_handler configuration directive
- The session.serialize_handler configuration directive.
- The register_shutdown_function() - Register a function for execution on shutdown
- The session_register_shutdown() - Session shutdown function
- Refer to » save_handler.inc for a full procedural reference implementation