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# caller

Perl 5 version 18.2 documentation
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# caller

Perl functions A-Z | Perl functions by category | The 'perlfunc' manpage

- caller EXPR

- caller

  Returns the context of the current subroutine call. In scalar context, returns the caller's package name if there is a caller (that is, if we're in a subroutine or `eval` or `require`) and the undefined value otherwise. In list context, returns

          # 0         1          2    ($package, $filename, $line) = caller;

  With EXPR, it returns some extra information that the debugger uses to print a stack trace. The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the current one.

          #  0         1          2      3            4    ($package, $filename, $line, $subroutine, $hasargs,    #  5          6          7            8       9         10    $wantarray, $evaltext, $is_require, $hints, $bitmask, $hinthash)     = caller($i);

  Here $subroutine may be `(eval)` if the frame is not a subroutine call, but an `eval`. In such a case additional elements $evaltext and `$is_require` are set: `$is_require` is true if the frame is created by a `require` or `use` statement, $evaltext contains the text of the `eval EXPR` statement. In particular, for an `eval BLOCK` statement, $subroutine is `(eval)` , but $evaltext is undefined. (Note also that each `use` statement creates a `require` frame inside an `eval EXPR` frame.) $subroutine may also be `(unknown)` if this particular subroutine happens to have been deleted from the symbol table. `$hasargs` is true if a new instance of `@_` was set up for the frame. `$hints` and `$bitmask` contain pragmatic hints that the caller was compiled with. `$hints` corresponds to `$^H` , and `$bitmask` corresponds to `${^WARNING_BITS}` . The `$hints` and `$bitmask` values are subject to change between versions of Perl, and are not meant for external use.

  `$hinthash` is a reference to a hash containing the value of `%^H` when the caller was compiled, or `undef` if `%^H` was empty. Do not modify the values of this hash, as they are the actual values stored in the optree.

  Furthermore, when called from within the DB package in list context, and with an argument, caller returns more detailed information: it sets the list variable `@DB::args` to be the arguments with which the subroutine was invoked.

  Be aware that the optimizer might have optimized call frames away before `caller` had a chance to get the information. That means that `caller(N)` might not return information about the call frame you expect it to, for `N > 1` . In particular, `@DB::args` might have information from the previous time `caller` was called.

  Be aware that setting `@DB::args` is best effort, intended for debugging or generating backtraces, and should not be relied upon. In particular, as `@_` contains aliases to the caller's arguments, Perl does not take a copy of `@_` , so `@DB::args` will contain modifications the subroutine makes to `@_` or its contents, not the original values at call time. `@DB::args` , like `@_` , does not hold explicit references to its elements, so under certain cases its elements may have become freed and reallocated for other variables or temporary values. Finally, a side effect of the current implementation is that the effects of `shift @_` can normally be undone (but not `pop @_` or other splicing, and not if a reference to `@_` has been taken, and subject to the caveat about reallocated elements), so `@DB::args` is actually a hybrid of the current state and initial state of `@_` . Buyer beware.