# Clipping data with polygons

This exercise uses PDAL to apply to clip data with polygon geometries.

Note

This exercise is an adaption of the PDAL tutorial.

## Exercise

The `autzen.laz` file is a staple in PDAL and libLAS examples. We will use this file to demonstrate clipping points with a geometry. We’re going to clip out the stadium into a new LAS file.

### Data preparation

The data are mixed in two different coordinate systems. The LAZ file is in Oregon State Plane Ft. and the GeoJSON defining the polygons, `attributes.json`, is in EPSG:4326. We have two options – project the point cloud into the coordinate system of the attribute polygons, or project the attribute polygons into the coordinate system of the points. The latter is preferable in this case because it will be less math and therefore less computation. To make it convenient, we can utilize OGR’s VRT capability to reproject the data for us on-the-fly:

    <OGRVRTDataSource>
        <OGRVRTWarpedLayer>
            <OGRVRTLayer name="OGRGeoJSON">
                <SrcDataSource>./exercises/analysis/clipping/attributes.json</SrcDataSource>
                <SrcLayer>attributes</SrcLayer>
                <LayerSRS>EPSG:4326</LayerSRS>
            </OGRVRTLayer>
            <TargetSRS>+proj=lcc +lat_1=43 +lat_2=45.5 +lat_0=41.75 +lon_0=-120.5 +x_0=399999.9999999999 +y_0=0 +ellps=GRS80 +units=ft +no_defs</TargetSRS>
        </OGRVRTWarpedLayer>
    </OGRVRTDataSource>

Note

This VRT file is available in your workshop materials in the `./exercises/analysis/clipping/attributes.vrt` file. You will need to open this file, go to line 4 and replace `./` with the correct path for your machine.

A GDAL or OGR VRT is a kind of “virtual” data source definition type that combines a definition of data and a processing operation into a single, readable data stream.

Note

The GeoJSON file does not have an externally-defined coordinate system, so we are explictly setting one with the LayerSRS parameter. If your data does have coordinate system information, you don’t need to do that. See the OGR VRT documentation for more details.

### Pipeline breakdown

    {
        "pipeline": [
            "./exercises/analysis/clipping/autzen.laz",
            {
                "column": "CLS",
                "datasource": "./exercises/analysis/clipping/attributes.vrt",
                "dimension": "Classification",
                "layer": "OGRGeoJSON",
                "type": "filters.overlay"
            },
            {
                "limits": "Classification[6:6]",
                "type": "filters.range"
            },
            "./exercises/analysis/clipping/stadium.las"
        ]
    }

Note

This pipeline is available in your workshop materials in the `./exercises/analysis/clipping/clipping.json` file. Remember to replace each of the three occurrences of `./` in this file with the correct location for your machine.

#### 1. Reader

`autzen.laz` is the LASzip file we will clip.

#### 2. filters.overlay

The filters.overlay filter allows you to assign values for coincident polygons. Using the VRT we defined in Data preparation, filters.overlay will assign the values from the `CLS` column to the `Classification` field.

#### 3. filters.range

The attributes in the `attributes.json` file include polygons with values `2`, `5`, and `6`. We will use filters.range to keep points with `Classification` values in the range of `6:6`.

#### 4. Writer

We will write our content back out using a writers.las.

### Execution

Invoke the following command, substituting accordingly, in your Conda Shell:

The –nostream option disables stream mode. The point-in-polygon check (see notes) performs poorly in stream mode currently.

    1pdal pipeline ./exercises/analysis/clipping/clipping.json --nostream

### Visualization

Use one of the point cloud visualization tools you installed to take a look at your `./exercises/analysis/clipping/stadium.las` output. In the example below, we opened the file to view it using the http://plas.io website.

## Notes

1. filters.overlay does point-in-polygon checks against every point that is read.

2. Points that are on the boundary are included.