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VolumeToSpheres.h
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// Copyright Contributors to the OpenVDB Project
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
/// @file tools/VolumeToSpheres.h
///
/// @brief Fill a closed level set or fog volume with adaptively-sized spheres.
#ifndef OPENVDB_TOOLS_VOLUME_TO_SPHERES_HAS_BEEN_INCLUDED
#define OPENVDB_TOOLS_VOLUME_TO_SPHERES_HAS_BEEN_INCLUDED
#include <openvdb/tree/LeafManager.h>
#include <openvdb/math/Math.h>
#include "Morphology.h" // for erodeActiveValues()
#include "PointScatter.h"
#include "LevelSetRebuild.h"
#include "LevelSetUtil.h"
#include "VolumeToMesh.h"
#include <openvdb/openvdb.h>
#include <tbb/blocked_range.h>
#include <tbb/parallel_for.h>
#include <tbb/parallel_reduce.h>
#include <algorithm> // for std::min(), std::max()
#include <cmath> // for std::sqrt()
#include <limits> // for std::numeric_limits
#include <memory>
#include <random>
#include <utility> // for std::pair
#include <vector>
namespace openvdb {
OPENVDB_USE_VERSION_NAMESPACE
namespace OPENVDB_VERSION_NAME {
namespace tools {
/// @brief Fill a closed level set or fog volume with adaptively-sized spheres.
///
/// @param grid a scalar grid that defines the surface to be filled with spheres
/// @param spheres an output array of 4-tuples representing the fitted spheres<BR>
/// The first three components of each tuple specify the sphere center,
/// and the fourth specifies the radius.
/// The spheres are ordered by radius, from largest to smallest.
/// @param sphereCount lower and upper bounds on the number of spheres to be generated<BR>
/// The actual number will be somewhere within the bounds.
/// @param overlapping toggle to allow spheres to overlap/intersect
/// @param minRadius the smallest allowable sphere size, in voxel units<BR>
/// @param maxRadius the largest allowable sphere size, in voxel units
/// @param isovalue the voxel value that determines the surface of the volume<BR>
/// The default value of zero works for signed distance fields,
/// while fog volumes require a larger positive value
/// (0.5 is a good initial guess).
/// @param instanceCount the number of interior points to consider for the sphere placement<BR>
/// Increasing this count increases the chances of finding optimal
/// sphere sizes.
/// @param interrupter pointer to an object adhering to the util::NullInterrupter interface
///
/// @note The minimum sphere count takes precedence over the minimum radius.
template<typename GridT, typename InterrupterT = util::NullInterrupter>
void
fillWithSpheres(
const GridT& grid,
std::vector<openvdb::Vec4s>& spheres,
const Vec2i& sphereCount = Vec2i(1, 50),
bool overlapping = false,
float minRadius = 1.0,
float maxRadius = std::numeric_limits<float>::max(),
float isovalue = 0.0,
int instanceCount = 10000,
InterrupterT* interrupter = nullptr);
////////////////////////////////////////
/// @brief Accelerated closest surface point queries for narrow band level sets
/// @details Supports queries that originate at arbitrary world-space locations,
/// is not confined to the narrow band region of the input volume geometry.
template<typename GridT>
class ClosestSurfacePoint
{
public:
using Ptr = std::unique_ptr<ClosestSurfacePoint>;
using TreeT = typename GridT::TreeType;
using BoolTreeT = typename TreeT::template ValueConverter<bool>::Type;
using Index32TreeT = typename TreeT::template ValueConverter<Index32>::Type;
using Int16TreeT = typename TreeT::template ValueConverter<Int16>::Type;
/// @brief Extract surface points and construct a spatial acceleration structure.
///
/// @return a null pointer if the initialization fails for any reason,
/// otherwise a unique pointer to a newly-allocated ClosestSurfacePoint object.
///
/// @param grid a scalar level set or fog volume
/// @param isovalue the voxel value that determines the surface of the volume
/// The default value of zero works for signed distance fields,
/// while fog volumes require a larger positive value
/// (0.5 is a good initial guess).
/// @param interrupter pointer to an object adhering to the util::NullInterrupter interface.
template<typename InterrupterT = util::NullInterrupter>
static Ptr create(const GridT& grid, float isovalue = 0.0,
InterrupterT* interrupter = nullptr);
/// @brief Compute the distance from each input point to its closest surface point.
/// @param points input list of points in world space
/// @param distances output list of closest surface point distances
bool search(const std::vector<Vec3R>& points, std::vector<float>& distances);
/// @brief Overwrite each input point with its closest surface point.
/// @param points input/output list of points in world space
/// @param distances output list of closest surface point distances
bool searchAndReplace(std::vector<Vec3R>& points, std::vector<float>& distances);
/// @brief Tree accessor
const Index32TreeT& indexTree() const { return *mIdxTreePt; }
/// @brief Tree accessor
const Int16TreeT& signTree() const { return *mSignTreePt; }
private:
using Index32LeafT = typename Index32TreeT::LeafNodeType;
using IndexRange = std::pair<size_t, size_t>;
std::vector<Vec4R> mLeafBoundingSpheres, mNodeBoundingSpheres;
std::vector<IndexRange> mLeafRanges;
std::vector<const Index32LeafT*> mLeafNodes;
PointList mSurfacePointList;
size_t mPointListSize = 0, mMaxNodeLeafs = 0;
typename Index32TreeT::Ptr mIdxTreePt;
typename Int16TreeT::Ptr mSignTreePt;
ClosestSurfacePoint() = default;
template<typename InterrupterT = util::NullInterrupter>
bool initialize(const GridT&, float isovalue, InterrupterT*);
bool search(std::vector<Vec3R>&, std::vector<float>&, bool transformPoints);
};
////////////////////////////////////////
// Internal utility methods
/// @cond OPENVDB_DOCS_INTERNAL
namespace v2s_internal {
struct PointAccessor
{
PointAccessor(std::vector<Vec3R>& points)
: mPoints(points)
{
}
void add(const Vec3R &pos)
{
mPoints.push_back(pos);
}
private:
std::vector<Vec3R>& mPoints;
};
template<typename Index32LeafT>
class LeafOp
{
public:
LeafOp(std::vector<Vec4R>& leafBoundingSpheres,
const std::vector<const Index32LeafT*>& leafNodes,
const math::Transform& transform,
const PointList& surfacePointList);
void run(bool threaded = true);
void operator()(const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>&) const;
private:
std::vector<Vec4R>& mLeafBoundingSpheres;
const std::vector<const Index32LeafT*>& mLeafNodes;
const math::Transform& mTransform;
const PointList& mSurfacePointList;
};
template<typename Index32LeafT>
LeafOp<Index32LeafT>::LeafOp(
std::vector<Vec4R>& leafBoundingSpheres,
const std::vector<const Index32LeafT*>& leafNodes,
const math::Transform& transform,
const PointList& surfacePointList)
: mLeafBoundingSpheres(leafBoundingSpheres)
, mLeafNodes(leafNodes)
, mTransform(transform)
, mSurfacePointList(surfacePointList)
{
}
template<typename Index32LeafT>
void
LeafOp<Index32LeafT>::run(bool threaded)
{
if (threaded) {
tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0, mLeafNodes.size()), *this);
} else {
(*this)(tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0, mLeafNodes.size()));
}
}
template<typename Index32LeafT>
void
LeafOp<Index32LeafT>::operator()(const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) const
{
typename Index32LeafT::ValueOnCIter iter;
Vec3s avg;
for (size_t n = range.begin(); n != range.end(); ++n) {
avg[0] = 0.0;
avg[1] = 0.0;
avg[2] = 0.0;
int count = 0;
for (iter = mLeafNodes[n]->cbeginValueOn(); iter; ++iter) {
avg += mSurfacePointList[iter.getValue()];
++count;
}
if (count > 1) avg *= float(1.0 / double(count));
float maxDist = 0.0;
for (iter = mLeafNodes[n]->cbeginValueOn(); iter; ++iter) {
float tmpDist = (mSurfacePointList[iter.getValue()] - avg).lengthSqr();
if (tmpDist > maxDist) maxDist = tmpDist;
}
Vec4R& sphere = mLeafBoundingSpheres[n];
sphere[0] = avg[0];
sphere[1] = avg[1];
sphere[2] = avg[2];
sphere[3] = maxDist * 2.0; // padded radius
}
}
class NodeOp
{
public:
using IndexRange = std::pair<size_t, size_t>;
NodeOp(std::vector<Vec4R>& nodeBoundingSpheres,
const std::vector<IndexRange>& leafRanges,
const std::vector<Vec4R>& leafBoundingSpheres);
inline void run(bool threaded = true);
inline void operator()(const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>&) const;
private:
std::vector<Vec4R>& mNodeBoundingSpheres;
const std::vector<IndexRange>& mLeafRanges;
const std::vector<Vec4R>& mLeafBoundingSpheres;
};
inline
NodeOp::NodeOp(std::vector<Vec4R>& nodeBoundingSpheres,
const std::vector<IndexRange>& leafRanges,
const std::vector<Vec4R>& leafBoundingSpheres)
: mNodeBoundingSpheres(nodeBoundingSpheres)
, mLeafRanges(leafRanges)
, mLeafBoundingSpheres(leafBoundingSpheres)
{
}
inline void
NodeOp::run(bool threaded)
{
if (threaded) {
tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0, mLeafRanges.size()), *this);
} else {
(*this)(tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0, mLeafRanges.size()));
}
}
inline void
NodeOp::operator()(const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) const
{
Vec3d avg, pos;
for (size_t n = range.begin(); n != range.end(); ++n) {
avg[0] = 0.0;
avg[1] = 0.0;
avg[2] = 0.0;
int count = int(mLeafRanges[n].second) - int(mLeafRanges[n].first);
for (size_t i = mLeafRanges[n].first; i < mLeafRanges[n].second; ++i) {
avg[0] += mLeafBoundingSpheres[i][0];
avg[1] += mLeafBoundingSpheres[i][1];
avg[2] += mLeafBoundingSpheres[i][2];
}
if (count > 1) avg *= float(1.0 / double(count));
double maxDist = 0.0;
for (size_t i = mLeafRanges[n].first; i < mLeafRanges[n].second; ++i) {
pos[0] = mLeafBoundingSpheres[i][0];
pos[1] = mLeafBoundingSpheres[i][1];
pos[2] = mLeafBoundingSpheres[i][2];
const auto radiusSqr = mLeafBoundingSpheres[i][3];
double tmpDist = (pos - avg).lengthSqr() + radiusSqr;
if (tmpDist > maxDist) maxDist = tmpDist;
}
Vec4R& sphere = mNodeBoundingSpheres[n];
sphere[0] = avg[0];
sphere[1] = avg[1];
sphere[2] = avg[2];
sphere[3] = maxDist * 2.0; // padded radius
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////
template<typename Index32LeafT>
class ClosestPointDist
{
public:
using IndexRange = std::pair<size_t, size_t>;
ClosestPointDist(
std::vector<Vec3R>& instancePoints,
std::vector<float>& instanceDistances,
const PointList& surfacePointList,
const std::vector<const Index32LeafT*>& leafNodes,
const std::vector<IndexRange>& leafRanges,
const std::vector<Vec4R>& leafBoundingSpheres,
const std::vector<Vec4R>& nodeBoundingSpheres,
size_t maxNodeLeafs,
bool transformPoints = false);
void run(bool threaded = true);
void operator()(const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>&) const;
private:
void evalLeaf(size_t index, const Index32LeafT& leaf) const;
void evalNode(size_t pointIndex, size_t nodeIndex) const;
std::vector<Vec3R>& mInstancePoints;
std::vector<float>& mInstanceDistances;
const PointList& mSurfacePointList;
const std::vector<const Index32LeafT*>& mLeafNodes;
const std::vector<IndexRange>& mLeafRanges;
const std::vector<Vec4R>& mLeafBoundingSpheres;
const std::vector<Vec4R>& mNodeBoundingSpheres;
std::vector<float> mLeafDistances, mNodeDistances;
const bool mTransformPoints;
size_t mClosestPointIndex;
};// ClosestPointDist
template<typename Index32LeafT>
ClosestPointDist<Index32LeafT>::ClosestPointDist(
std::vector<Vec3R>& instancePoints,
std::vector<float>& instanceDistances,
const PointList& surfacePointList,
const std::vector<const Index32LeafT*>& leafNodes,
const std::vector<IndexRange>& leafRanges,
const std::vector<Vec4R>& leafBoundingSpheres,
const std::vector<Vec4R>& nodeBoundingSpheres,
size_t maxNodeLeafs,
bool transformPoints)
: mInstancePoints(instancePoints)
, mInstanceDistances(instanceDistances)
, mSurfacePointList(surfacePointList)
, mLeafNodes(leafNodes)
, mLeafRanges(leafRanges)
, mLeafBoundingSpheres(leafBoundingSpheres)
, mNodeBoundingSpheres(nodeBoundingSpheres)
, mLeafDistances(maxNodeLeafs, 0.0)
, mNodeDistances(leafRanges.size(), 0.0)
, mTransformPoints(transformPoints)
, mClosestPointIndex(0)
{
}
template<typename Index32LeafT>
void
ClosestPointDist<Index32LeafT>::run(bool threaded)
{
if (threaded) {
tbb::parallel_for(tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0, mInstancePoints.size()), *this);
} else {
(*this)(tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0, mInstancePoints.size()));
}
}
template<typename Index32LeafT>
void
ClosestPointDist<Index32LeafT>::evalLeaf(size_t index, const Index32LeafT& leaf) const
{
typename Index32LeafT::ValueOnCIter iter;
const Vec3s center = mInstancePoints[index];
size_t& closestPointIndex = const_cast<size_t&>(mClosestPointIndex);
for (iter = leaf.cbeginValueOn(); iter; ++iter) {
const Vec3s& point = mSurfacePointList[iter.getValue()];
float tmpDist = (point - center).lengthSqr();
if (tmpDist < mInstanceDistances[index]) {
mInstanceDistances[index] = tmpDist;
closestPointIndex = iter.getValue();
}
}
}
template<typename Index32LeafT>
void
ClosestPointDist<Index32LeafT>::evalNode(size_t pointIndex, size_t nodeIndex) const
{
if (nodeIndex >= mLeafRanges.size()) return;
const Vec3R& pos = mInstancePoints[pointIndex];
float minDist = mInstanceDistances[pointIndex];
size_t minDistIdx = 0;
Vec3R center;
bool updatedDist = false;
for (size_t i = mLeafRanges[nodeIndex].first, n = 0;
i < mLeafRanges[nodeIndex].second; ++i, ++n)
{
float& distToLeaf = const_cast<float&>(mLeafDistances[n]);
center[0] = mLeafBoundingSpheres[i][0];
center[1] = mLeafBoundingSpheres[i][1];
center[2] = mLeafBoundingSpheres[i][2];
const auto radiusSqr = mLeafBoundingSpheres[i][3];
distToLeaf = float(std::max(0.0, (pos - center).lengthSqr() - radiusSqr));
if (distToLeaf < minDist) {
minDist = distToLeaf;
minDistIdx = i;
updatedDist = true;
}
}
if (!updatedDist) return;
evalLeaf(pointIndex, *mLeafNodes[minDistIdx]);
for (size_t i = mLeafRanges[nodeIndex].first, n = 0;
i < mLeafRanges[nodeIndex].second; ++i, ++n)
{
if (mLeafDistances[n] < mInstanceDistances[pointIndex] && i != minDistIdx) {
evalLeaf(pointIndex, *mLeafNodes[i]);
}
}
}
template<typename Index32LeafT>
void
ClosestPointDist<Index32LeafT>::operator()(const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range) const
{
Vec3R center;
for (size_t n = range.begin(); n != range.end(); ++n) {
const Vec3R& pos = mInstancePoints[n];
float minDist = mInstanceDistances[n];
size_t minDistIdx = 0;
for (size_t i = 0, I = mNodeDistances.size(); i < I; ++i) {
float& distToNode = const_cast<float&>(mNodeDistances[i]);
center[0] = mNodeBoundingSpheres[i][0];
center[1] = mNodeBoundingSpheres[i][1];
center[2] = mNodeBoundingSpheres[i][2];
const auto radiusSqr = mNodeBoundingSpheres[i][3];
distToNode = float(std::max(0.0, (pos - center).lengthSqr() - radiusSqr));
if (distToNode < minDist) {
minDist = distToNode;
minDistIdx = i;
}
}
evalNode(n, minDistIdx);
for (size_t i = 0, I = mNodeDistances.size(); i < I; ++i) {
if (mNodeDistances[i] < mInstanceDistances[n] && i != minDistIdx) {
evalNode(n, i);
}
}
mInstanceDistances[n] = std::sqrt(mInstanceDistances[n]);
if (mTransformPoints) mInstancePoints[n] = mSurfacePointList[mClosestPointIndex];
}
}
class UpdatePoints
{
public:
UpdatePoints(
const Vec4s& sphere,
const std::vector<Vec3R>& points,
std::vector<float>& distances,
std::vector<unsigned char>& mask,
bool overlapping);
float radius() const { return mRadius; }
int index() const { return mIndex; }
inline void run(bool threaded = true);
UpdatePoints(UpdatePoints&, tbb::split);
inline void operator()(const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range);
void join(const UpdatePoints& rhs)
{
if (rhs.mRadius > mRadius) {
mRadius = rhs.mRadius;
mIndex = rhs.mIndex;
}
}
private:
const Vec4s& mSphere;
const std::vector<Vec3R>& mPoints;
std::vector<float>& mDistances;
std::vector<unsigned char>& mMask;
bool mOverlapping;
float mRadius;
int mIndex;
};
inline
UpdatePoints::UpdatePoints(
const Vec4s& sphere,
const std::vector<Vec3R>& points,
std::vector<float>& distances,
std::vector<unsigned char>& mask,
bool overlapping)
: mSphere(sphere)
, mPoints(points)
, mDistances(distances)
, mMask(mask)
, mOverlapping(overlapping)
, mRadius(0.0)
, mIndex(0)
{
}
inline
UpdatePoints::UpdatePoints(UpdatePoints& rhs, tbb::split)
: mSphere(rhs.mSphere)
, mPoints(rhs.mPoints)
, mDistances(rhs.mDistances)
, mMask(rhs.mMask)
, mOverlapping(rhs.mOverlapping)
, mRadius(rhs.mRadius)
, mIndex(rhs.mIndex)
{
}
inline void
UpdatePoints::run(bool threaded)
{
if (threaded) {
tbb::parallel_reduce(tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0, mPoints.size()), *this);
} else {
(*this)(tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0, mPoints.size()));
}
}
inline void
UpdatePoints::operator()(const tbb::blocked_range<size_t>& range)
{
Vec3s pos;
for (size_t n = range.begin(); n != range.end(); ++n) {
if (mMask[n]) continue;
pos.x() = float(mPoints[n].x()) - mSphere[0];
pos.y() = float(mPoints[n].y()) - mSphere[1];
pos.z() = float(mPoints[n].z()) - mSphere[2];
float dist = pos.length();
if (dist < mSphere[3]) {
mMask[n] = 1;
continue;
}
if (!mOverlapping) {
mDistances[n] = std::min(mDistances[n], (dist - mSphere[3]));
}
if (mDistances[n] > mRadius) {
mRadius = mDistances[n];
mIndex = int(n);
}
}
}
} // namespace v2s_internal
/// @endcond
////////////////////////////////////////
template<typename GridT, typename InterrupterT>
void
fillWithSpheres(
const GridT& grid,
std::vector<openvdb::Vec4s>& spheres,
const Vec2i& sphereCount,
bool overlapping,
float minRadius,
float maxRadius,
float isovalue,
int instanceCount,
InterrupterT* interrupter)
{
spheres.clear();
if (grid.empty()) return;
const int
minSphereCount = sphereCount[0],
maxSphereCount = sphereCount[1];
if ((minSphereCount > maxSphereCount) || (maxSphereCount < 1)) {
OPENVDB_LOG_WARN("fillWithSpheres: minimum sphere count ("
<< minSphereCount << ") exceeds maximum count (" << maxSphereCount << ")");
return;
}
spheres.reserve(maxSphereCount);
auto gridPtr = grid.copy(); // shallow copy
if (gridPtr->getGridClass() == GRID_LEVEL_SET) {
// Clamp the isovalue to the level set's background value minus epsilon.
// (In a valid narrow-band level set, all voxels, including background voxels,
// have values less than or equal to the background value, so an isovalue
// greater than or equal to the background value would produce a mask with
// effectively infinite extent.)
isovalue = std::min(isovalue,
static_cast<float>(gridPtr->background() - math::Tolerance<float>::value()));
} else if (gridPtr->getGridClass() == GRID_FOG_VOLUME) {
// Clamp the isovalue of a fog volume between epsilon and one,
// again to avoid a mask with infinite extent. (Recall that
// fog volume voxel values vary from zero outside to one inside.)
isovalue = math::Clamp(isovalue, math::Tolerance<float>::value(), 1.f);
}
// ClosestSurfacePoint is inaccurate for small grids.
// Resample the input grid if it is too small.
auto numVoxels = gridPtr->activeVoxelCount();
if (numVoxels < 10000) {
const auto scale = 1.0 / math::Cbrt(2.0 * 10000.0 / double(numVoxels));
auto scaledXform = gridPtr->transform().copy();
scaledXform->preScale(scale);
auto newGridPtr = levelSetRebuild(*gridPtr, isovalue,
LEVEL_SET_HALF_WIDTH, LEVEL_SET_HALF_WIDTH, scaledXform.get(), interrupter);
const auto newNumVoxels = newGridPtr->activeVoxelCount();
if (newNumVoxels > numVoxels) {
OPENVDB_LOG_DEBUG_RUNTIME("fillWithSpheres: resampled input grid from "
<< numVoxels << " voxel" << (numVoxels == 1 ? "" : "s")
<< " to " << newNumVoxels << " voxel" << (newNumVoxels == 1 ? "" : "s"));
gridPtr = newGridPtr;
numVoxels = newNumVoxels;
}
}
const bool addNarrowBandPoints = (numVoxels < 10000);
int instances = std::max(instanceCount, maxSphereCount);
using TreeT = typename GridT::TreeType;
using BoolTreeT = typename TreeT::template ValueConverter<bool>::Type;
using Int16TreeT = typename TreeT::template ValueConverter<Int16>::Type;
using RandGen = std::mersenne_twister_engine<uint32_t, 32, 351, 175, 19,
0xccab8ee7, 11, 0xffffffff, 7, 0x31b6ab00, 15, 0xffe50000, 17, 1812433253>; // mt11213b
RandGen mtRand(/*seed=*/0);
const TreeT& tree = gridPtr->tree();
math::Transform transform = gridPtr->transform();
std::vector<Vec3R> instancePoints;
{
// Compute a mask of the voxels enclosed by the isosurface.
typename Grid<BoolTreeT>::Ptr interiorMaskPtr;
if (gridPtr->getGridClass() == GRID_LEVEL_SET) {
interiorMaskPtr = sdfInteriorMask(*gridPtr, isovalue);
} else {
// For non-level-set grids, the interior mask comprises the active voxels.
interiorMaskPtr = typename Grid<BoolTreeT>::Ptr(Grid<BoolTreeT>::create(false));
interiorMaskPtr->setTransform(transform.copy());
interiorMaskPtr->tree().topologyUnion(tree);
}
if (interrupter && interrupter->wasInterrupted()) return;
// If the interior mask is small and eroding it results in an empty grid,
// use the uneroded mask instead. (But if the minimum sphere count is zero,
// then eroding away the mask is acceptable.)
if (!addNarrowBandPoints || (minSphereCount <= 0)) {
tools::erodeActiveValues(interiorMaskPtr->tree(), /*iterations=*/1, tools::NN_FACE, tools::IGNORE_TILES);
tools::pruneInactive(interiorMaskPtr->tree());
} else {
auto& maskTree = interiorMaskPtr->tree();
auto copyOfTree = StaticPtrCast<BoolTreeT>(maskTree.copy());
tools::erodeActiveValues(maskTree, /*iterations=*/1, tools::NN_FACE, tools::IGNORE_TILES);
tools::pruneInactive(maskTree);
if (maskTree.empty()) { interiorMaskPtr->setTree(copyOfTree); }
}
// Scatter candidate sphere centroids (instancePoints)
instancePoints.reserve(instances);
v2s_internal::PointAccessor ptnAcc(instancePoints);
const auto scatterCount = Index64(addNarrowBandPoints ? (instances / 2) : instances);
UniformPointScatter<v2s_internal::PointAccessor, RandGen, InterrupterT> scatter(
ptnAcc, scatterCount, mtRand, 1.0, interrupter);
scatter(*interiorMaskPtr);
}
if (interrupter && interrupter->wasInterrupted()) return;
auto csp = ClosestSurfacePoint<GridT>::create(*gridPtr, isovalue, interrupter);
if (!csp) return;
// Add extra instance points in the interior narrow band.
if (instancePoints.size() < size_t(instances)) {
const Int16TreeT& signTree = csp->signTree();
for (auto leafIt = signTree.cbeginLeaf(); leafIt; ++leafIt) {
for (auto it = leafIt->cbeginValueOn(); it; ++it) {
const int flags = int(it.getValue());
if (!(volume_to_mesh_internal::EDGES & flags)
&& (volume_to_mesh_internal::INSIDE & flags))
{
instancePoints.push_back(transform.indexToWorld(it.getCoord()));
}
if (instancePoints.size() == size_t(instances)) break;
}
if (instancePoints.size() == size_t(instances)) break;
}
}
if (interrupter && interrupter->wasInterrupted()) return;
// Assign a radius to each candidate sphere. The radius is the world-space
// distance from the sphere's center to the closest surface point.
std::vector<float> instanceRadius;
if (!csp->search(instancePoints, instanceRadius)) return;
float largestRadius = 0.0;
int largestRadiusIdx = 0;
for (size_t n = 0, N = instancePoints.size(); n < N; ++n) {
if (instanceRadius[n] > largestRadius) {
largestRadius = instanceRadius[n];
largestRadiusIdx = int(n);
}
}
std::vector<unsigned char> instanceMask(instancePoints.size(), 0);
minRadius = float(minRadius * transform.voxelSize()[0]);
maxRadius = float(maxRadius * transform.voxelSize()[0]);
for (size_t s = 0, S = std::min(size_t(maxSphereCount), instancePoints.size()); s < S; ++s) {
if (interrupter && interrupter->wasInterrupted()) return;
largestRadius = std::min(maxRadius, largestRadius);
if ((int(s) >= minSphereCount) && (largestRadius < minRadius)) break;
const Vec4s sphere(
float(instancePoints[largestRadiusIdx].x()),
float(instancePoints[largestRadiusIdx].y()),
float(instancePoints[largestRadiusIdx].z()),
largestRadius);
spheres.push_back(sphere);
instanceMask[largestRadiusIdx] = 1;
v2s_internal::UpdatePoints op(
sphere, instancePoints, instanceRadius, instanceMask, overlapping);
op.run();
largestRadius = op.radius();
largestRadiusIdx = op.index();
}
} // fillWithSpheres
////////////////////////////////////////
template<typename GridT>
template<typename InterrupterT>
typename ClosestSurfacePoint<GridT>::Ptr
ClosestSurfacePoint<GridT>::create(const GridT& grid, float isovalue, InterrupterT* interrupter)
{
auto csp = Ptr{new ClosestSurfacePoint};
if (!csp->initialize(grid, isovalue, interrupter)) csp.reset();
return csp;
}
template<typename GridT>
template<typename InterrupterT>
bool
ClosestSurfacePoint<GridT>::initialize(
const GridT& grid, float isovalue, InterrupterT* interrupter)
{
using Index32LeafManagerT = tree::LeafManager<Index32TreeT>;
using ValueT = typename GridT::ValueType;
const TreeT& tree = grid.tree();
const math::Transform& transform = grid.transform();
{ // Extract surface point cloud
BoolTreeT mask(false);
volume_to_mesh_internal::identifySurfaceIntersectingVoxels(mask, tree, ValueT(isovalue));
mSignTreePt.reset(new Int16TreeT(0));
mIdxTreePt.reset(new Index32TreeT(std::numeric_limits<Index32>::max()));
volume_to_mesh_internal::computeAuxiliaryData(
*mSignTreePt, *mIdxTreePt, mask, tree, ValueT(isovalue));
if (interrupter && interrupter->wasInterrupted()) return false;
// count unique points
using Int16LeafNodeType = typename Int16TreeT::LeafNodeType;
using Index32LeafNodeType = typename Index32TreeT::LeafNodeType;
std::vector<Int16LeafNodeType*> signFlagsLeafNodes;
mSignTreePt->getNodes(signFlagsLeafNodes);
const tbb::blocked_range<size_t> auxiliaryLeafNodeRange(0, signFlagsLeafNodes.size());
std::unique_ptr<Index32[]> leafNodeOffsets(new Index32[signFlagsLeafNodes.size()]);
tbb::parallel_for(auxiliaryLeafNodeRange,
volume_to_mesh_internal::LeafNodePointCount<Int16LeafNodeType::LOG2DIM>
(signFlagsLeafNodes, leafNodeOffsets));
{
Index32 pointCount = 0;
for (size_t n = 0, N = signFlagsLeafNodes.size(); n < N; ++n) {
const Index32 tmp = leafNodeOffsets[n];
leafNodeOffsets[n] = pointCount;
pointCount += tmp;
}
mPointListSize = size_t(pointCount);
mSurfacePointList.reset(new Vec3s[mPointListSize]);
}
std::vector<Index32LeafNodeType*> pointIndexLeafNodes;
mIdxTreePt->getNodes(pointIndexLeafNodes);
tbb::parallel_for(auxiliaryLeafNodeRange, volume_to_mesh_internal::ComputePoints<TreeT>(
mSurfacePointList.get(), tree, pointIndexLeafNodes,
signFlagsLeafNodes, leafNodeOffsets, transform, ValueT(isovalue)));
}
if (interrupter && interrupter->wasInterrupted()) return false;
Index32LeafManagerT idxLeafs(*mIdxTreePt);
using Index32RootNodeT = typename Index32TreeT::RootNodeType;
using Index32NodeChainT = typename Index32RootNodeT::NodeChainType;
static_assert(Index32NodeChainT::Size > 1,
"expected tree depth greater than one");
using Index32InternalNodeT = typename Index32NodeChainT::template Get<1>;
typename Index32TreeT::NodeCIter nIt = mIdxTreePt->cbeginNode();
nIt.setMinDepth(Index32TreeT::NodeCIter::LEAF_DEPTH - 1);
nIt.setMaxDepth(Index32TreeT::NodeCIter::LEAF_DEPTH - 1);
std::vector<const Index32InternalNodeT*> internalNodes;
const Index32InternalNodeT* node = nullptr;
for (; nIt; ++nIt) {
nIt.getNode(node);
if (node) internalNodes.push_back(node);
}
std::vector<IndexRange>().swap(mLeafRanges);
mLeafRanges.resize(internalNodes.size());
std::vector<const Index32LeafT*>().swap(mLeafNodes);
mLeafNodes.reserve(idxLeafs.leafCount());
typename Index32InternalNodeT::ChildOnCIter leafIt;
mMaxNodeLeafs = 0;
for (size_t n = 0, N = internalNodes.size(); n < N; ++n) {
mLeafRanges[n].first = mLeafNodes.size();
size_t leafCount = 0;
for (leafIt = internalNodes[n]->cbeginChildOn(); leafIt; ++leafIt) {
mLeafNodes.push_back(&(*leafIt));
++leafCount;
}
mMaxNodeLeafs = std::max(leafCount, mMaxNodeLeafs);
mLeafRanges[n].second = mLeafNodes.size();
}
std::vector<Vec4R>().swap(mLeafBoundingSpheres);
mLeafBoundingSpheres.resize(mLeafNodes.size());
v2s_internal::LeafOp<Index32LeafT> leafBS(
mLeafBoundingSpheres, mLeafNodes, transform, mSurfacePointList);
leafBS.run();
std::vector<Vec4R>().swap(mNodeBoundingSpheres);
mNodeBoundingSpheres.resize(internalNodes.size());
v2s_internal::NodeOp nodeBS(mNodeBoundingSpheres, mLeafRanges, mLeafBoundingSpheres);
nodeBS.run();
return true;
} // ClosestSurfacePoint::initialize
template<typename GridT>
bool
ClosestSurfacePoint<GridT>::search(std::vector<Vec3R>& points,
std::vector<float>& distances, bool transformPoints)
{
distances.clear();
distances.resize(points.size(), std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity());
v2s_internal::ClosestPointDist<Index32LeafT> cpd(points, distances, mSurfacePointList,
mLeafNodes, mLeafRanges, mLeafBoundingSpheres, mNodeBoundingSpheres,
mMaxNodeLeafs, transformPoints);
cpd.run();
return true;
}
template<typename GridT>
bool
ClosestSurfacePoint<GridT>::search(const std::vector<Vec3R>& points, std::vector<float>& distances)
{
return search(const_cast<std::vector<Vec3R>& >(points), distances, false);
}
template<typename GridT>
bool
ClosestSurfacePoint<GridT>::searchAndReplace(std::vector<Vec3R>& points,
std::vector<float>& distances)
{
return search(points, distances, true);
}
////////////////////////////////////////
// Explicit Template Instantiation
#ifdef OPENVDB_USE_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION
#ifdef OPENVDB_INSTANTIATE_VOLUMETOSPHERES
#include <openvdb/util/ExplicitInstantiation.h>
#endif
OPENVDB_INSTANTIATE_CLASS ClosestSurfacePoint<FloatGrid>;
OPENVDB_INSTANTIATE_CLASS ClosestSurfacePoint<DoubleGrid>;
#define _FUNCTION(TreeT) \
void fillWithSpheres(const Grid<TreeT>&, std::vector<openvdb::Vec4s>&, const Vec2i&, \
bool, float, float, float, int, util::NullInterrupter*)
OPENVDB_REAL_TREE_INSTANTIATE(_FUNCTION)
#undef _FUNCTION
#endif // OPENVDB_USE_EXPLICIT_INSTANTIATION
} // namespace tools
} // namespace OPENVDB_VERSION_NAME
} // namespace openvdb
#endif // OPENVDB_TOOLS_VOLUME_TO_MESH_HAS_BEEN_INCLUDED
ExplicitInstantiation.h
LeafManager.h
A LeafManager manages a linear array of pointers to a given tree's leaf nodes, as well as optional au...
LevelSetRebuild.h
LevelSetUtil.h
Miscellaneous utility methods that operate primarily or exclusively on level set grids.
Math.h
General-purpose arithmetic and comparison routines, most of which accept arbitrary value types (or at...
Morphology.h
Implementation of morphological dilation and erosion.
VolumeToMesh.h
Extract polygonal surfaces from scalar volumes.
openvdb::v10_0::GridBase::setTransform
void setTransform(math::Transform::Ptr)
Associate the given transform with this grid, in place of its existing transform.
Definition Grid.h:1234
openvdb::v10_0::Grid::tree
TreeType & tree()
Return a reference to this grid's tree, which might be shared with other grids.
Definition Grid.h:908
openvdb::v10_0::Grid::create
static Ptr create(const ValueType &background)
Return a new grid with the given background value.
Definition Grid.h:1317
openvdb::v10_0::Grid::setTree
void setTree(TreeBase::Ptr) override
Associate the given tree with this grid, in place of its existing tree.
Definition Grid.h:1454
openvdb::v10_0::Grid::Ptr
SharedPtr< Grid > Ptr
Definition Grid.h:573
openvdb::v10_0::math::Transform
Definition Transform.h:40
openvdb::v10_0::math::Transform::voxelSize
Vec3d voxelSize() const
Return the size of a voxel using the linear component of the map.
Definition Transform.h:93
openvdb::v10_0::math::Transform::indexToWorld
Vec3d indexToWorld(const Vec3d &xyz) const
Apply this transformation to the given coordinates.
Definition Transform.h:108
openvdb::v10_0::math::Transform::copy
Ptr copy() const
Definition Transform.h:50
openvdb::v10_0::tools::ClosestSurfacePoint
Accelerated closest surface point queries for narrow band level sets.
Definition VolumeToSpheres.h:82
openvdb::v10_0::tools::ClosestSurfacePoint::Int16TreeT
typename TreeT::template ValueConverter< Int16 >::Type Int16TreeT
Definition VolumeToSpheres.h:88
openvdb::v10_0::tools::ClosestSurfacePoint::search
bool search(const std::vector< Vec3R > &points, std::vector< float > &distances)
Compute the distance from each input point to its closest surface point.
Definition VolumeToSpheres.h:981
openvdb::v10_0::tools::ClosestSurfacePoint::Index32TreeT
typename TreeT::template ValueConverter< Index32 >::Type Index32TreeT
Definition VolumeToSpheres.h:87
openvdb::v10_0::tools::ClosestSurfacePoint::TreeT
typename GridT::TreeType TreeT
Definition VolumeToSpheres.h:85
openvdb::v10_0::tools::ClosestSurfacePoint::searchAndReplace
bool searchAndReplace(std::vector< Vec3R > &points, std::vector< float > &distances)
Overwrite each input point with its closest surface point.
Definition VolumeToSpheres.h:989
openvdb::v10_0::tools::ClosestSurfacePoint::BoolTreeT
typename TreeT::template ValueConverter< bool >::Type BoolTreeT
Definition VolumeToSpheres.h:86
openvdb::v10_0::tools::ClosestSurfacePoint::indexTree
const Index32TreeT & indexTree() const
Tree accessor.
Definition VolumeToSpheres.h:116
openvdb::v10_0::tools::ClosestSurfacePoint::create
static Ptr create(const GridT &grid, float isovalue=0.0, InterrupterT *interrupter=nullptr)
Extract surface points and construct a spatial acceleration structure.
Definition VolumeToSpheres.h:828
openvdb::v10_0::tools::ClosestSurfacePoint::Ptr
std::unique_ptr< ClosestSurfacePoint > Ptr
Definition VolumeToSpheres.h:84
openvdb::v10_0::tools::ClosestSurfacePoint::signTree
const Int16TreeT & signTree() const
Tree accessor.
Definition VolumeToSpheres.h:118
openvdb::v10_0::tools::UniformPointScatter
The two point scatters UniformPointScatter and NonUniformPointScatter depend on the following two cla...
Definition PointScatter.h:90
openvdb::v10_0::tree::LeafManager
This class manages a linear array of pointers to a given tree's leaf nodes, as well as optional auxil...
Definition LeafManager.h:85
OPENVDB_LOG_WARN
#define OPENVDB_LOG_WARN(message)
Log a warning message of the form 'someVar << "some text" << ...'.
Definition logging.h:256
OPENVDB_LOG_DEBUG_RUNTIME
#define OPENVDB_LOG_DEBUG_RUNTIME(message)
Log a debugging message in both debug and optimized builds.
Definition logging.h:270
openvdb::v10_0::ax::run
OPENVDB_AX_API void run(const char *ax, openvdb::GridBase &grid, const AttributeBindings &bindings={})
Run a full AX pipeline (parse, compile and execute) on a single OpenVDB Grid.
openvdb::v10_0::math::Vec2i
Vec2< int32_t > Vec2i
Definition Vec2.h:530
openvdb::v10_0::math::Vec4s
Vec4< float > Vec4s
Definition Vec4.h:561
openvdb::v10_0::math::Vec3d
Vec3< double > Vec3d
Definition Vec3.h:664
openvdb::v10_0::math::Clamp
Type Clamp(Type x, Type min, Type max)
Return x clamped to [min, max].
Definition Math.h:261
openvdb::v10_0::math::Vec3s
Vec3< float > Vec3s
Definition Vec3.h:663
openvdb::v10_0::math::Cbrt
float Cbrt(float x)
Return the cube root of a floating-point value.
Definition Math.h:769
openvdb::v10_0::points
Definition AttributeArray.h:41
openvdb::v10_0::tools::NN_FACE
@ NN_FACE
Definition Morphology.h:59
openvdb::v10_0::tools::PointList
std::unique_ptr< openvdb::Vec3s[]> PointList
Point and primitive list types.
Definition VolumeToMesh.h:160
openvdb::v10_0::tools::sdfInteriorMask
GridOrTreeType::template ValueConverter< bool >::Type::Ptr sdfInteriorMask(const GridOrTreeType &volume, typename GridOrTreeType::ValueType isovalue=lsutilGridZero< GridOrTreeType >())
Threaded method to construct a boolean mask that represents interior regions in a signed distance fie...
Definition LevelSetUtil.h:2275
openvdb::v10_0::tools::erodeActiveValues
void erodeActiveValues(TreeOrLeafManagerT &tree, const int iterations=1, const NearestNeighbors nn=NN_FACE, const TilePolicy mode=PRESERVE_TILES, const bool threaded=true)
Topologically erode all active values (i.e. both voxels and tiles) in a tree using one of three neare...
Definition Morphology.h:1133
openvdb::v10_0::tools::IGNORE_TILES
@ IGNORE_TILES
Definition Morphology.h:81
openvdb::v10_0::tools::pruneInactive
void pruneInactive(TreeT &tree, bool threaded=true, size_t grainSize=1)
Reduce the memory footprint of a tree by replacing with background tiles any nodes whose values are a...
Definition Prune.h:355
openvdb::v10_0::tools::fillWithSpheres
void fillWithSpheres(const GridT &grid, std::vector< openvdb::Vec4s > &spheres, const Vec2i &sphereCount=Vec2i(1, 50), bool overlapping=false, float minRadius=1.0, float maxRadius=std::numeric_limits< float >::max(), float isovalue=0.0, int instanceCount=10000, InterrupterT *interrupter=nullptr)
Fill a closed level set or fog volume with adaptively-sized spheres.
Definition VolumeToSpheres.h:635
openvdb::v10_0::tools::levelSetRebuild
GridType::Ptr levelSetRebuild(const GridType &grid, float isovalue=0, float halfWidth=float(LEVEL_SET_HALF_WIDTH), const math::Transform *xform=nullptr)
Return a new grid of type GridType that contains a narrow-band level set representation of an isosurf...
Definition LevelSetRebuild.h:316
openvdb::v10_0::tree
Definition PointDataGrid.h:169
openvdb::v10_0::LEVEL_SET_HALF_WIDTH
static const Real LEVEL_SET_HALF_WIDTH
Definition Types.h:422
openvdb::v10_0::GRID_FOG_VOLUME
@ GRID_FOG_VOLUME
Definition Types.h:417
openvdb::v10_0::GRID_LEVEL_SET
@ GRID_LEVEL_SET
Definition Types.h:416
openvdb::v10_0::initialize
OPENVDB_IMPORT void initialize()
Global registration of native Grid, Transform, Metadata and Point attribute types....
openvdb::v10_0::Index32
uint32_t Index32
Definition Types.h:52
openvdb::v10_0::Vec3R
math::Vec3< Real > Vec3R
Definition Types.h:72
openvdb::v10_0::Index64
uint64_t Index64
Definition Types.h:53
openvdb::v10_0::Vec4R
math::Vec4< Real > Vec4R
Definition Types.h:87
openvdb::v10_0::StaticPtrCast
SharedPtr< T > StaticPtrCast(const SharedPtr< U > &ptr)
Return a new shared pointer that points to the same object as the given pointer after a static_cast.
Definition Types.h:146
openvdb
Definition Exceptions.h:13
openvdb.h
openvdb::v10_0::math::Tolerance::value
static T value()
Definition Math.h:148
PointScatter.h
We offer three different algorithms (each in its own class) for scattering of points in active voxels...
OPENVDB_VERSION_NAME
#define OPENVDB_VERSION_NAME
The version namespace name for this library version.
Definition version.h.in:121
OPENVDB_USE_VERSION_NAMESPACE
#define OPENVDB_USE_VERSION_NAMESPACE
Definition version.h.in:212
OPENVDB_INSTANTIATE_CLASS
#define OPENVDB_INSTANTIATE_CLASS
Definition version.h.in:153
OPENVDB_REAL_TREE_INSTANTIATE
#define OPENVDB_REAL_TREE_INSTANTIATE(Function)
Definition version.h.in:157