# Source code for openpyxl.utils.units

    # Copyright (c) 2010-2024 openpyxl

    import math

    #constants

    DEFAULT_ROW_HEIGHT = 15.  # Default row height measured in point size.
    BASE_COL_WIDTH = 8 # in characters
    DEFAULT_COLUMN_WIDTH = BASE_COL_WIDTH + 5
    #  = baseColumnWidth + {margin padding (2 pixels on each side, totalling 4 pixels)} + {gridline (1pixel)}

    DEFAULT_LEFT_MARGIN = 0.7 # in inches, = right margin
    DEFAULT_TOP_MARGIN = 0.7874 # in inches = bottom margin
    DEFAULT_HEADER = 0.3 # in inches

    # Conversion functions
    """
    From the ECMA Spec (4th Edition part 1)
    Page setup: "Left Page Margin in inches" p. 1647

    Docs from
    http://startbigthinksmall.wordpress.com/2010/01/04/points-inches-and-emus-measuring-units-in-office-open-xml/

    See also http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd560821(v=office.12).aspx

    dxa: The main unit in OOXML is a twentieth of a point. Also called twips.
    pt: point. In Excel there are 72 points to an inch
    hp: half-points are used to specify font sizes. A font-size of 12pt equals 24 half points
    pct: Half-points are used to specify font sizes. A font-size of 12pt equals 24 half points

    EMU: English Metric Unit, EMUs are used for coordinates in vector-based
    drawings and embedded pictures. One inch equates to 914400 EMUs and a
    centimeter is 360000. For bitmaps the default resolution is 96 dpi (known as
    PixelsPerInch in Excel). Spec p. 1122

    For radial geometry Excel uses integer units of 1/60000th of a degree.
    """

    def inch_to_dxa(value):
        """1 inch = 72 * 20 dxa"""
        return int(value * 20 * 72)

    def dxa_to_inch(value):
        return value / 72 / 20

    def dxa_to_cm(value):
        return 2.54 * dxa_to_inch(value)

    def cm_to_dxa(value):
        emu = cm_to_EMU(value)
        inch = EMU_to_inch(emu)
        return inch_to_dxa(inch)

    def pixels_to_EMU(value):
        """1 pixel = 9525 EMUs"""
        return int(value * 9525)

    def EMU_to_pixels(value):
        return round(value / 9525)

    def cm_to_EMU(value):
        """1 cm = 360000 EMUs"""
        return int(value * 360000)

    def EMU_to_cm(value):
        return round(value / 360000, 4)

    def inch_to_EMU(value):
        """1 inch = 914400 EMUs"""
        return int(value * 914400)

    def EMU_to_inch(value):
        return round(value / 914400, 4)

    def pixels_to_points(value, dpi=96):
        """96 dpi, 72i"""
        return value * 72 / dpi

    def points_to_pixels(value, dpi=96):
        return int(math.ceil(value * dpi / 72))

    def degrees_to_angle(value):
        """1 degree = 60000 angles"""
        return int(round(value * 60000))

    def angle_to_degrees(value):
        return round(value / 60000, 2)

    def short_color(color):
        """ format a color to its short size """
        if len(color) > 6:
            return color[2:]
        return color