java.util.concurrent

## Class LinkedBlockingQueue<E>

- java.lang.Object
- - java.util.AbstractCollection<E>
  - - java.util.AbstractQueue<E>
    - - java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue<E>

Type Parameters:
  `E` - the type of elements held in this collection

All Implemented Interfaces:
  Serializable, Iterable<E>, Collection<E>, BlockingQueue<E>, Queue<E>

    public class LinkedBlockingQueue<E>
    extends AbstractQueue<E>
    implements BlockingQueue<E>, Serializable

An optionally-bounded blocking queue based on linked nodes. This queue orders elements FIFO (first-in-first-out). The head of the queue is that element that has been on the queue the longest time. The tail of the queue is that element that has been on the queue the shortest time. New elements are inserted at the tail of the queue, and the queue retrieval operations obtain elements at the head of the queue. Linked queues typically have higher throughput than array-based queues but less predictable performance in most concurrent applications.

The optional capacity bound constructor argument serves as a way to prevent excessive queue expansion. The capacity, if unspecified, is equal to `Integer.MAX_VALUE`. Linked nodes are dynamically created upon each insertion unless this would bring the queue above capacity.

This class and its iterator implement all of the optional methods of the `Collection` and `Iterator` interfaces.

This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.

Since:
  1.5
See Also:
  Serialized Form

### Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor and Description
`LinkedBlockingQueue()` Creates a `LinkedBlockingQueue` with a capacity of `Integer.MAX_VALUE`.
`LinkedBlockingQueue(Collection<? extends E> c)` Creates a `LinkedBlockingQueue` with a capacity of `Integer.MAX_VALUE`, initially containing the elements of the given collection, added in traversal order of the collection's iterator.
`LinkedBlockingQueue(int capacity)` Creates a `LinkedBlockingQueue` with the given (fixed) capacity.

### Method Summary

Methods
`void` `clear()` Atomically removes all of the elements from this queue.
`int` `drainTo(Collection<? super E> c)` Removes all available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection.
`int` `drainTo(Collection<? super E> c, int maxElements)` Removes at most the given number of available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection.
`Iterator<E>` `iterator()` Returns an iterator over the elements in this queue in proper sequence.
`boolean` `offer(E e)` Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue if it is possible to do so immediately without exceeding the queue's capacity, returning `true` upon success and `false` if this queue is full.
`boolean` `offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)` Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue, waiting if necessary up to the specified wait time for space to become available.
`E` `peek()` Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue, or returns `null` if this queue is empty.
`E` `poll()` Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, or returns `null` if this queue is empty.
`E` `poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)` Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting up to the specified wait time if necessary for an element to become available.
`void` `put(E e)` Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue, waiting if necessary for space to become available.
`int` `remainingCapacity()` Returns the number of additional elements that this queue can ideally (in the absence of memory or resource constraints) accept without blocking.
`boolean` `remove(Object o)` Removes a single instance of the specified element from this queue, if it is present.
`int` `size()` Returns the number of elements in this queue.
`E` `take()` Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting if necessary until an element becomes available.
`Object[]` `toArray()` Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue, in proper sequence.
`<T> T[]` `toArray(T[] a)` Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue, in proper sequence; the runtime type of the returned array is that of the specified array.
`String` `toString()` Returns a string representation of this collection.

### Methods inherited from class java.util.AbstractQueue

`add, addAll, element, remove`

### Methods inherited from class java.util.AbstractCollection

`contains, containsAll, isEmpty, removeAll, retainAll`

### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

`clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

### Methods inherited from interface java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue

`add, contains`

### Methods inherited from interface java.util.Queue

`element, remove`

### Methods inherited from interface java.util.Collection

`addAll, containsAll, equals, hashCode, isEmpty, removeAll, retainAll`

### Constructor Detail

#### LinkedBlockingQueue

    public LinkedBlockingQueue()

Creates a `LinkedBlockingQueue` with a capacity of `Integer.MAX_VALUE`.

#### LinkedBlockingQueue

    public LinkedBlockingQueue(int capacity)

Creates a `LinkedBlockingQueue` with the given (fixed) capacity.

Parameters:
  `capacity` - the capacity of this queue
Throws:
  `IllegalArgumentException` - if `capacity` is not greater than zero

#### LinkedBlockingQueue

    public LinkedBlockingQueue(Collection<? extends E> c)

Creates a `LinkedBlockingQueue` with a capacity of `Integer.MAX_VALUE`, initially containing the elements of the given collection, added in traversal order of the collection's iterator.

Parameters:
  `c` - the collection of elements to initially contain
Throws:
  `NullPointerException` - if the specified collection or any of its elements are null

### Method Detail

#### size

    public int size()

Returns the number of elements in this queue.

Specified by:
  `size` in interface `Collection<E>`
Specified by:
  `size` in class `AbstractCollection<E>`
Returns:
  the number of elements in this queue

#### remainingCapacity

    public int remainingCapacity()

Returns the number of additional elements that this queue can ideally (in the absence of memory or resource constraints) accept without blocking. This is always equal to the initial capacity of this queue less the current `size` of this queue.

Note that you cannot always tell if an attempt to insert an element will succeed by inspecting `remainingCapacity` because it may be the case that another thread is about to insert or remove an element.

Specified by:
  `remainingCapacity` in interface `BlockingQueue<E>`
Returns:
  the remaining capacity

#### put

    public void put(E e)
             throws InterruptedException

Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue, waiting if necessary for space to become available.

Specified by:
  `put` in interface `BlockingQueue<E>`
Parameters:
  `e` - the element to add
Throws:
  `InterruptedException` - if interrupted while waiting
  `NullPointerException` - if the specified element is null

#### offer

    public boolean offer(E e,
                long timeout,
                TimeUnit unit)
                  throws InterruptedException

Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue, waiting if necessary up to the specified wait time for space to become available.

Specified by:
  `offer` in interface `BlockingQueue<E>`
Parameters:
  `e` - the element to add
  `timeout` - how long to wait before giving up, in units of `unit`
  `unit` - a `TimeUnit` determining how to interpret the `timeout` parameter
Returns:
  `true` if successful, or `false` if the specified waiting time elapses before space is available.
Throws:
  `InterruptedException` - if interrupted while waiting
  `NullPointerException` - if the specified element is null

#### offer

    public boolean offer(E e)

Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue if it is possible to do so immediately without exceeding the queue's capacity, returning `true` upon success and `false` if this queue is full. When using a capacity-restricted queue, this method is generally preferable to method `add`, which can fail to insert an element only by throwing an exception.

Specified by:
  `offer` in interface `BlockingQueue<E>`
Specified by:
  `offer` in interface `Queue<E>`
Parameters:
  `e` - the element to add
Returns:
  `true` if the element was added to this queue, else `false`
Throws:
  `NullPointerException` - if the specified element is null

#### take

    public E take()
           throws InterruptedException

Description copied from interface: `BlockingQueue`
Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting if necessary until an element becomes available.

Specified by:
  `take` in interface `BlockingQueue<E>`
Returns:
  the head of this queue
Throws:
  `InterruptedException` - if interrupted while waiting

#### poll

    public E poll(long timeout,
         TimeUnit unit)
           throws InterruptedException

Description copied from interface: `BlockingQueue`
Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, waiting up to the specified wait time if necessary for an element to become available.

Specified by:
  `poll` in interface `BlockingQueue<E>`
Parameters:
  `timeout` - how long to wait before giving up, in units of `unit`
  `unit` - a `TimeUnit` determining how to interpret the `timeout` parameter
Returns:
  the head of this queue, or `null` if the specified waiting time elapses before an element is available
Throws:
  `InterruptedException` - if interrupted while waiting

#### poll

    public E poll()

Description copied from interface: `Queue`
Retrieves and removes the head of this queue, or returns `null` if this queue is empty.

Specified by:
  `poll` in interface `Queue<E>`
Returns:
  the head of this queue, or `null` if this queue is empty

#### peek

    public E peek()

Description copied from interface: `Queue`
Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue, or returns `null` if this queue is empty.

Specified by:
  `peek` in interface `Queue<E>`
Returns:
  the head of this queue, or `null` if this queue is empty

#### remove

    public boolean remove(Object o)

Removes a single instance of the specified element from this queue, if it is present. More formally, removes an element `e` such that `o.equals(e)`, if this queue contains one or more such elements. Returns `true` if this queue contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this queue changed as a result of the call).

Specified by:
  `remove` in interface `Collection<E>`
Specified by:
  `remove` in interface `BlockingQueue<E>`
Overrides:
  `remove` in class `AbstractCollection<E>`
Parameters:
  `o` - element to be removed from this queue, if present
Returns:
  `true` if this queue changed as a result of the call

#### toArray

    public Object[] toArray()

Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue, in proper sequence.

The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are maintained by this queue. (In other words, this method must allocate a new array). The caller is thus free to modify the returned array.

This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based APIs.

Specified by:
  `toArray` in interface `Collection<E>`
Overrides:
  `toArray` in class `AbstractCollection<E>`
Returns:
  an array containing all of the elements in this queue

#### toArray

    public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a)

Returns an array containing all of the elements in this queue, in proper sequence; the runtime type of the returned array is that of the specified array. If the queue fits in the specified array, it is returned therein. Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the runtime type of the specified array and the size of this queue.

If this queue fits in the specified array with room to spare (i.e., the array has more elements than this queue), the element in the array immediately following the end of the queue is set to `null`.

Like the `toArray()` method, this method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based APIs. Further, this method allows precise control over the runtime type of the output array, and may, under certain circumstances, be used to save allocation costs.

Suppose `x` is a queue known to contain only strings. The following code can be used to dump the queue into a newly allocated array of `String`:

         String[] y = x.toArray(new String[0]);

Note that `toArray(new Object[0])` is identical in function to `toArray()`.

Specified by:
  `toArray` in interface `Collection<E>`
Overrides:
  `toArray` in class `AbstractCollection<E>`
Parameters:
  `a` - the array into which the elements of the queue are to be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the same runtime type is allocated for this purpose
Returns:
  an array containing all of the elements in this queue
Throws:
  `ArrayStoreException` - if the runtime type of the specified array is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in this queue
  `NullPointerException` - if the specified array is null

#### toString

    public String toString()

Description copied from class: `AbstractCollection`
Returns a string representation of this collection. The string representation consists of a list of the collection's elements in the order they are returned by its iterator, enclosed in square brackets (`"[]"`). Adjacent elements are separated by the characters `", "` (comma and space). Elements are converted to strings as by `String.valueOf(Object)`.

Overrides:
  `toString` in class `AbstractCollection<E>`
Returns:
  a string representation of this collection

#### clear

    public void clear()

Atomically removes all of the elements from this queue. The queue will be empty after this call returns.

Specified by:
  `clear` in interface `Collection<E>`
Overrides:
  `clear` in class `AbstractQueue<E>`

#### drainTo

    public int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c)

Description copied from interface: `BlockingQueue`
Removes all available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection. This operation may be more efficient than repeatedly polling this queue. A failure encountered while attempting to add elements to collection `c` may result in elements being in neither, either or both collections when the associated exception is thrown. Attempts to drain a queue to itself result in `IllegalArgumentException`. Further, the behavior of this operation is undefined if the specified collection is modified while the operation is in progress.

Specified by:
  `drainTo` in interface `BlockingQueue<E>`
Parameters:
  `c` - the collection to transfer elements into
Returns:
  the number of elements transferred
Throws:
  `UnsupportedOperationException` - if addition of elements is not supported by the specified collection
  `ClassCastException` - if the class of an element of this queue prevents it from being added to the specified collection
  `NullPointerException` - if the specified collection is null
  `IllegalArgumentException` - if the specified collection is this queue, or some property of an element of this queue prevents it from being added to the specified collection

#### drainTo

    public int drainTo(Collection<? super E> c,
              int maxElements)

Description copied from interface: `BlockingQueue`
Removes at most the given number of available elements from this queue and adds them to the given collection. A failure encountered while attempting to add elements to collection `c` may result in elements being in neither, either or both collections when the associated exception is thrown. Attempts to drain a queue to itself result in `IllegalArgumentException`. Further, the behavior of this operation is undefined if the specified collection is modified while the operation is in progress.

Specified by:
  `drainTo` in interface `BlockingQueue<E>`
Parameters:
  `c` - the collection to transfer elements into
  `maxElements` - the maximum number of elements to transfer
Returns:
  the number of elements transferred
Throws:
  `UnsupportedOperationException` - if addition of elements is not supported by the specified collection
  `ClassCastException` - if the class of an element of this queue prevents it from being added to the specified collection
  `NullPointerException` - if the specified collection is null
  `IllegalArgumentException` - if the specified collection is this queue, or some property of an element of this queue prevents it from being added to the specified collection

#### iterator

    public Iterator<E> iterator()

Returns an iterator over the elements in this queue in proper sequence. The returned `Iterator` is a "weakly consistent" iterator that will never throw `ConcurrentModificationException`, and guarantees to traverse elements as they existed upon construction of the iterator, and may (but is not guaranteed to) reflect any modifications subsequent to construction.

Specified by:
  `iterator` in interface `Iterable<E>`
Specified by:
  `iterator` in interface `Collection<E>`
Specified by:
  `iterator` in class `AbstractCollection<E>`
Returns:
  an iterator over the elements in this queue in proper sequence

Copyright © 1993, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.