PKTT(3)

NAME
packet.pktt - Packet trace module

DESCRIPTION

The Packet trace module is a python module that takes a trace file created by tcpdump and unpacks the contents of each packet. You can decode one packet at a time, or do a search for specific packets. The main difference between these modules and other tools used to decode trace files is that you can use this module to completely automate your tests.

How does it work? It opens the trace file and reads one record at a time keeping track where each record starts. This way, very large trace files can be opened without having to wait for the file to load and avoid loading the whole file into memory.

Packet layers supported:
    - ETHERNET II (RFC 894)
    - IP layer (supports IPv4 and IPv6)
    - UDP layer
    - TCP layer
    - RPC layer
    - NFS v4.0
    - NFS v4.1 including pNFS file layouts
    - NFS v4.2
    - PORTMAP v2
    - MOUNT v3
    - NLM v4

CLASSES

  class Header(baseobj.BaseObj)
Header(pktt)

Methods defined here:
---------------------

__init__(self, pktt)
Constructor

Initialize object's private data according to the arguments given.
Arguments can be given as positional, named arguments or a
combination of both.

  class Pktt(baseobj.BaseObj)
Pktt(tfile, live=False, rpc_replies=True)

Packet trace object

Usage:
    from packet.pktt import Pktt

    x = Pktt("/traces/tracefile.cap")

    # Iterate over all packets found in the trace file
    for pkt in x:
        print pkt

Methods defined here:
---------------------

__contains__(self, expr)
Implement membership test operator.
Return true if expr matches a packet in the trace file,
false otherwise.

The packet is also stored in the object attribute pkt.

Examples:
    # Find the next READ request
    if ("NFS.argop == 25" in x):
        print x.pkt.nfs

See match() method for more information

__del__(self)
Destructor

Gracefully close the tcpdump trace file if it is opened.

__getitem__(self, index)
Get the packet from the trace file given by the index
or raise IndexError.

The packet is also stored in the object attribute pkt.

Examples:
    pkt = x[index]

__init__(self, tfile, live=False, rpc_replies=True)
Constructor

Initialize object's private data, note that this will not check the
file for existence nor will open the file to verify if it is a valid
tcpdump file. The tcpdump trace file will be opened the first time a
packet is retrieved.

    tracefile:
        Name of tcpdump trace file or a list of trace file names
        (little or big endian format)

    live:
        If set to True, methods will not return if encountered <EOF>,
        they will keep on trying until more data is available in the
        file. This is useful when running tcpdump in parallel,
        especially when tcpdump is run with the '-C' option, in which
        case when <EOF> is encountered the next trace file created by
        tcpdump will be opened and the object will be re-initialized,
        all private data referencing the previous file is lost.

__iter__(self)
Make this object iterable.

__next__(self)
Get the next packet from the trace file or raise StopIteration.

The packet is also stored in the object attribute pkt.

Examples:
    # Iterate over all packets found in the trace file using
    # the iterable properties of the object
    for pkt in x:
        print pkt

    # Iterate over all packets found in the trace file using it
    # as a method and using the object variable as the packet
    # Must use the try statement to catch StopIteration exception
    try:
        while (x.next()):
            print x.pkt
    except StopIteration:
        pass

    # Iterate over all packets found in the trace file using it
    # as a method and using the return value as the packet
    # Must use the try statement to catch StopIteration exception
    while True:
        try:
            print x.next()
        except StopIteration:
            break

NOTE:
    Supports only single active iteration

clear_xid_list(self)
Clear list of outstanding xids

close(self)
Gracefully close the tcpdump trace file and cleanup attributes.

get_index(self)
Get current packet index

match(self, expr, maxindex=None, rewind=True, reply=False)
Return the packet that matches the given expression, also the packet
index points to the next packet after the matched packet.
Returns None if packet is not found and the packet index points
to the packet at the beginning of the search.

    expr:
        String of expressions to be evaluated

    maxindex:
        The match fails if packet index hits this limit

    rewind:
        Rewind to index where matching started if match fails

    reply:
        Match RPC replies of previously matched calls as well

    Examples:
        # Find the packet with both the ACK and SYN TCP flags set to 1
        pkt = x.match("TCP.flags.ACK == 1 and TCP.flags.SYN == 1")

        # Find the next NFS EXCHANGE_ID request
        pkt = x.match("NFS.argop == 42")

        # Find the next NFS EXCHANGE_ID or CREATE_SESSION request
        pkt = x.match("NFS.argop in [42,43]")

        # Find the next NFS OPEN request or reply
        pkt = x.match("NFS.op == 18")

        # Find all packets coming from subnet 192.168.1.0/24 using
        # a regular expression
        while x.match(r"re.search('192.168.1.+', IP.src)"):
            print x.pkt.tcp

        # Find packet having a GETATTR asking for FATTR4_FS_LAYOUT_TYPES(bit 62)
        pkt_call = x.match("NFS.attr_request & 0x4000000000000000L != 0")
        if pkt_call:
            # Find GETATTR reply
            xid = pkt_call.rpc.xid
            # Find reply where the number 62 is in the array NFS.attributes
            pkt_reply = x.match("RPC.xid == %d and 62 in NFS.attributes" % xid)

        # Find the next WRITE request
        pkt = x.match("NFS.argop == 38")
        if pkt:
            print pkt.nfs

        # Same as above, but using membership test operator instead
        if ("NFS.argop == 38" in x):
            print x.pkt.nfs

        # Get a list of all OPEN and CLOSE packets then use buffered
        # matching to process each OPEN and its corresponding CLOSE
        # at a time including both requests and replies
        pktlist = []
        while x.match("NFS.op in [4,18]"):
            pktlist.append(x.pkt)
        # Enable buffered matching
        x.set_pktlist(pktlist)
        while x.match("NFS.argop == 18"): # Find OPEN request
            print x.pkt
            index = x.get_index()
            # Find OPEN reply
            x.match("RPC.xid == %d and NFS.resop == 18" % x.pkt.rpc.xid)
            print x.pkt
            # Find corresponding CLOSE request
            stid = x.escape(x.pkt.NFSop.stateid.other)
            x.match("NFS.argop == 4 and NFS.stateid == '%s'" % stid)
            print x.pkt
            # Find CLOSE reply
            x.match("RPC.xid == %d and NFS.resop == 4" % x.pkt.rpc.xid)
            print x.pkt
            # Rewind to right after the OPEN request
            x.rewind(index)
        # Disable buffered matching
        x.set_pktlist()

    See also:
        match_ethernet(), match_ip(), match_tcp(), match_rpc(), match_nfs()

match_nfs(self, expr)
Match NFS values on current packet.

In NFSv4, there is a single compound procedure with multiple
operations, matching becomes a little bit tricky in order to make
the matching expression easy to use. The NFS object's name space
gets converted into a flat name space for the sole purpose of
matching. In other words, all operation objects in array are
treated as being part of the NFS object's top level attributes.

Consider the following NFS object:
    nfsobj = COMPOUND4res(
        status=NFS4_OK,
        tag='NFSv4_tag',
        array = [
            nfs_resop4(
                resop=OP_SEQUENCE,
                opsequence=SEQUENCE4res(
                    status=NFS4_OK,
                    resok=SEQUENCE4resok(
                        sessionid='sessionid',
                        sequenceid=29,
                        slotid=0,
                        highest_slotid=179,
                        target_highest_slotid=179,
                        status_flags=0,
                    ),
                ),
            ),
            nfs_resop4(
                resop=OP_PUTFH,
                opputfh = PUTFH4res(
                    status=NFS4_OK,
                ),
            ),
            ...
        ]
    ),

The result for operation PUTFH is the second in the list:
    putfh = nfsobj.array[1]

From this putfh object the status operation can be accessed as:
    status = putfh.opputfh.status

or simply as (this is how the NFS object works):
    status = putfh.status

In this example, the following match expression 'NFS.status == 0'
could match the top level status of the compound (nfsobj.status)
or the putfh status (nfsobj.array[1].status)

The following match expression 'NFS.sequenceid == 25' will also
match this packet as well, even though the actual expression should
be 'nfsobj.array[0].opsequence.resok.sequenceid == 25' or
simply 'nfsobj.array[0].sequenceid == 25'.

This approach makes the match expressions simpler at the expense of
having some ambiguities on where the actual match occurred. If a
match is desired on a specific operation, a more qualified name can
be given. In the above example, in order to match the status of the
PUTFH operation the match expression 'NFS.opputfh.status == 0' can
be used. On the other hand, consider a compound having multiple
PUTFH results the above match expression will always match the first
occurrence of PUTFH where the status is 0. There is no way to tell
the match engine to match the second or Nth occurrence of an
operation.

match_pkt(self, expr)
Default wrapper function to evaluate a simple string expression.

rewind(self, index=0)
Rewind the trace file by setting the file pointer to the start of
the given packet index. Returns False if unable to rewind the file,
e.g., when the given index is greater than the maximum number
of packets processed so far.

seek(self, offset, whence=0, hard=False)
Position the read offset correctly
If new position is outside the current read buffer then clear the
buffer so a new chunk of data will be read from the file instead

set_pktlist(self, pktlist=None)
Set the current packet list for buffered matching in which the
match method will only use this list instead of getting the next
packet from the packet trace file.
This could be used when there is a lot of matching going back
and forth but only on a particular set of packets.
See the match() method for an example of buffered matching.

show_progress(self, done=False)
Display progress bar if enabled and if running on correct terminal

Static methods defined here:
----------------------------

escape(data)
Escape special characters.

Examples:
    # Call as an instance
    escaped_data = x.escape(data)

    # Call as a class
    escaped_data = Pktt.escape(data)

ip_tcp_dst_expr(ipaddr, port=None)
Return a match expression to find a packet going to ipaddr:port.

Examples:
    # Call as an instance
    expr = x.ip_tcp_dst_expr('192.168.1.50', 2049)

    # Call as a class
    expr = Pktt.ip_tcp_dst_expr('192.168.1.50', 2049)

    # Returns "IP.dst == '192.168.1.50' and TCP.dst_port == 2049"
    # Expression ready for x.match()
    pkt = x.match(expr)

ip_tcp_src_expr(ipaddr, port=None)
    Return a match expression to find a packet coming from ipaddr:port.

    Examples:
        # Call as an instance
        expr = x.ip_tcp_src_expr('192.168.1.50', 2049)

        # Call as a class
        expr = Pktt.ip_tcp_src_expr('192.168.1.50', 2049)

        # Returns "IP.src == '192.168.1.50' and TCP.src_port == 2049"
        # Expression ready for x.match()
        pkt = x.match(expr)

Readonly properties defined here:

rdma_info

FUNCTIONS
convert_attrs(tree)
Convert all valid layer AST Attributes to fully qualified names.
Also, return the name of the correct wrapper function to be used.

NOTE:
  The tree argument is modified so when tree is unparsed, all layer
  attributes are expanded correctly.

get_binop(op)
Return the string representation of the operator AST object

get_bool(op)
Return the string representation of the logical operator AST object

get_op(op)
Return the string representation of the logical operator AST object

get_precedence(op)
Return the precedence of operator AST object

get_unary(op)
Return the string representation of the unary operator AST object

unparse(tree)
Older Python releases do not define ast.unparse(). Create function
unparse with limited functionality but enough for the matching
language it is needed for match(). This function runs twice as fast
as ast.unparse(), so always use it regardless if it is defined or
not on the ast module.

SEE ALSO
baseobj(3), formatstr(3), packet.internet.ipv4(3), packet.internet.ipv6(3), packet.link.erf(3), packet.link.ethernet(3), packet.link.sllv1(3), packet.link.sllv2(3), packet.pkt(3), packet.record(3), packet.transport.rdmainfo(3), packet.unpack(3)

BUGS
No known bugs.

AUTHOR
Jorge Mora (mora@netapp.com)