## MLton 20241230+git20251029+dfsg-5

# CombineConversions

CombineConversions is an optimization pass for the SSA IntermediateLanguage, invoked from SSASimplify.

## Description

This pass looks for and simplifies nested calls to (signed) extension/truncation.

## Implementation

- `combine-conversions.fun`

## Details and Notes

It processes each block in dfs order (visiting definitions before uses):

- If the statement is not a `PrimApp` with `Word_extdToWord`, skip it.

- After processing a conversion, it tags the `Var` for subsequent use.

- When inspecting a conversion, check if the `Var` operand is also the result of a conversion. If it is, try to combine the two operations. Repeatedly simplify until hitting either a non-conversion `Var` or a case where the conversion cannot be simplified.

The optimization rules are very simple:

    x1 = ...
    x2 = Word_extdToWord (W1, W2, {signed=s1}) x1
    x3 = Word_extdToWord (W2, W3, {signed=s2}) x2

- If `W1 = W2`, then there is no conversions before `x_1`.

  This is guaranteed because `W2 = W3` will always trigger optimization.

- Case `W1 ≤ W3 ≤ W2`:

      x3 = Word_extdToWord (W1, W3, {signed=s1}) x1

- Case `W1 < W2 < W3 AND ((NOT s1) OR s2)`:

      x3 = Word_extdToWord (W1, W3, {signed=s1}) x1

- Case `W1 = W2 < W3`:

  unoptimized, because there are no conversions past `W1` and `x2 = x1`

- Case `W3 ≤ W2 ≤ W1 OR W3 ≤ W1 ≤ W2`:

      x_3 = Word_extdToWord (W1, W3, {signed=_}) x1

  because `W3 ≤ W1 && W3 ≤ W2`, just clip `x1`

- Case `W2 < W1 ≤ W3 OR W2 < W3 ≤ W1`:

  unoptimized, because `W2 < W1 && W2 < W3`, has truncation effect

- Case `W1 < W2 < W3 AND (s1 AND (NOT s2))`:

  unoptimized, because each conversion affects the result separately