MU-INDEX(1)

NAME

mu_index - index e-mail messages stored in Maildirs

SYNOPSIS

mu index [options]

DESCRIPTION

mu index is the mu command for scanning the contents of Maildir directories and storing the results in a Xapian database. The data can then be queried using mu-find(1).

index understands Maildirs as defined by Daniel Bernstein for qmail(7). In addition, it understands recursive Maildirs (Maildirs within Maildirs), Maildir++. It can also deal with VFAT-based Maildirs which use '!' as the separators instead of ':'.

E-mail messages which are not stored in something resembling a maildir leaf-directory (cur and new) are ignored, as are the cache directories for notmuch and gnus, and any dot-directory.

Symlinks are not followed.

If there is a file called .noindex in a directory, the contents of that directory and all of its subdirectories will be ignored. This can be useful to exclude certain directories from the indexing process, for example directories with spam-messages.

If there is a file called .noupdate in a directory, the contents of that directory and all of its subdirectories will be ignored, unless we do a full rebuild (with --rebuild). This can be useful to speed up things you have some maildirs that never change. Note that you can still search for these messages, this only affects updating the database.

There also the --lazy-check which can greatly speed up indexing; see below for details.

The first run of mu index may take a few minutes if you have a lot of mail (tens of thousands of messages). Fortunately, such a full scan needs to be done only once; after that it suffices to index the changes, which goes much faster. See the 'Note on performance (i,ii,iii)' below for more information.

The optional 'phase two' of the indexing-process is the removal of messages from the database for which there is no longer a corresponding file in the Maildir. If you do not want this, you can use -n, --nocleanup.

When mu index catches one of the signals SIGINT, SIGHUP or SIGTERM (e.g., when you press Ctrl-C during the indexing process), it tries to shutdown gracefully; it tries to save and commit data, and close the database etc. If it receives another signal (e.g., when pressing Ctrl-C once more), mu index will terminate immediately.

OPTIONS

Note, some of the general options are described in the mu(1) man-page and not here, as they apply to multiple mu commands.

-m, --maildir=<maildir>
    starts searching at <maildir>. By default, mu uses whatever the MAILDIR environment variable is set to; if it is not set, it tries ~/Maildir. See the note on mixing sub-maildirs below.

--my-address=<my-email-address>
    specifies that some e-mail address is 'my-address' (--my-address can be used multiple times). This is used by mu cfind -- any e-mail address found in the address fields of a message which also has <my-email-address> in one of its address fields is considered a personal e-mail address. This allows you, for example, to filter out (mu cfind --personal) addresses which were merely seen in mailing list messages.

--lazy-check
    in lazy-check mode, mu does not consider messages for which the time-stamp (ctime) of the directory they reside in has not changed since the previous indexing run. This is much faster than the non-lazy check, but won't update messages that have change (rather than having been added or removed), since merely editing a message does not update the directory time-stamp. Of course, you can run mu-index occasionally without --lazy-check, to pick up such messages.

--nocleanup
    disables the database cleanup that mu does by default after indexing.

--rebuild
    clear all messages from the database before indexing. --rebuild guarantees that after the indexing has finished, there are no 'old' messages in the database anymore, which is not true with --reindex when indexing only a part of messages (using --maildir). For this reason, it is necessary to run mu index --rebuild when there is an upgrade in the database format. mu index will issue a warning about this.

--autoupgrade
    automatically use -y, --empty when mu notices that the database version is not up-to-date. This option is for use in cron scripts and the like, so they won't require any user interaction, even when mu introduces a new database version.

--xbatchsize=<batch size>
    set the maximum number of messages to process in a single Xapian transaction. In practice, this option is only useful if you find that mu is running out of memory while indexing; in that case, you can set the batch size to (for example) 1000, which will reduce memory consumption, but also substantially reduce the indexing performance.

--max-msg-size=<max msg size>
    set the maximum size (in bytes) for messages. The default maximum (currently at 500Mb) should be enough in most cases, but if you encounter warnings from mu about ignoring messsage because they are too big, you may want to increase this. Note that the reason for having a maximum size is that big messages require big memory allocations, which may lead to problems.

    NOTE: It is not recommended to mix maildirs and sub-maildirs within the hierarchy in the same database; for example, it's better not to index both with --maildir=~/MyMaildir and --maildir=~/MyMaildir/foo, as this may lead to unexpected results when searching with the 'maildir:' search parameter (see below).

  A note on performance (i)
As a non-scientific benchmark, a simple test on the author's machine (a Thinkpad X61s laptop using Linux 2.6.35 and an ext3 file system) with no existing database, and a maildir with 27273 messages:

 $ sudo sh -c 'sync && echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches'
 $ time mu index --quiet
 66,65s user 6,05s system 27% cpu 4:24,20 total
(about 103 messages per second)

A second run, which is the more typical use case when there is a database already, goes much faster:

 $ sudo sh -c 'sync && echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches'
 $ time mu index --quiet
 0,48s user 0,76s system 10% cpu 11,796 total
(more than 56818 messages per second)

Note that each test flushes the caches first; a more common use case might be to run mu index when new mail has arrived; the cache may stay quite 'warm' in that case:

 $ time mu index --quiet
 0,33s user 0,40s system 80% cpu 0,905 total
which is more than 30000 messages per second.

  A note on performance (ii)
As per June 2012, we did the same non-scientific benchmark, this time with an Intel i5-2500 CPU @ 3.30GHz, an ext4 file system and a maildir with 22589 messages. We start without an existing database.

 $ sudo sh -c 'sync && echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches'
 $ time mu index --quiet
 27,79s user 2,17s system 48% cpu 1:01,47 total
(about 813 messages per second)

A second run, which is the more typical use case when there is a database already, goes much faster:

 $ sudo sh -c 'sync && echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches'
 $ time mu index --quiet
 0,13s user 0,30s system 19% cpu 2,162 total
(more than 173000 messages per second)

  A note on performance (iii)
As per July 2016, we did the same non-scientific benchmark, again with the Intel i5-2500 CPU @ 3.30GHz, an ext4 file system. This time, the maildir contains 72525 messages.

 $ sudo sh -c 'sync && echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches'
 $ time mu index --quiet
 40,34s user 2,56s system 64% cpu 1:06,17 total
(about 1099 messages per second).

As shown, mu has been getting faster with each release, even with relatively expensive new features such as text-normalization (for case-insensitve/accent-insensitive matching). The profiles are dominated by operations in the Xapian database now.

FILES
By default, mu index stores its message database in ~/.mu/xapian; the database has an embedded version number, and mu will automatically update it when it notices a different version. This allows for automatic updating of mu-versions, without the need to clear out any old databases.

However, note that versions of mu before 0.7 used a different scheme, which puts the database in ~/.mu/xapian-<version>. These older databases can safely be deleted. Starting from version 0.7, this manual cleanup should no longer be needed.

mu stores logs of its operations and queries in <muhome>/mu.log (by default, this is ~/.mu/mu.log). Upon startup, mu checks the size of this log file. If it exceeds 1 MB, it will be moved to ~/.mu/mu.log.old, overwriting any existing file of that name, and start with an empty log file. This scheme allows for continued use of mu without the need for any manual maintenance of log files.

ENVIRONMENT

mu index uses MAILDIR to find the user's Maildir if it has not been specified explicitly with --maildir=<maildir>. If MAILDIR is not set, mu index will try ~/Maildir.

RETURN VALUE

mu index return 0 upon successful completion, and any other number greater than 0 signals an error.

BUGS

Please report bugs if you find them: https://github.com/djcb/mu/issues

AUTHOR

Dirk-Jan C. Binnema <djcb@djcbsoftware.nl>

SEE ALSO

maildir(5), mu(1), mu-find(1), mu-cfind(1)