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35
36 #ifndef VIGRA_ACCUMULATOR_HXX
37 #define VIGRA_ACCUMULATOR_HXX
38
39 #ifdef _MSC_VER
40 #pragma warning (disable: 4503)
41 #endif
42
43 #include "accumulator-grammar.hxx"
44 #include "config.hxx"
45 #include "metaprogramming.hxx"
46 #include "bit_array.hxx"
47 #include "static_assert.hxx"
48 #include "mathutil.hxx"
49 #include "utilities.hxx"
50 #include "multi_iterator_coupled.hxx"
51 #include "matrix.hxx"
52 #include "multi_math.hxx"
53 #include "eigensystem.hxx"
54 #include "histogram.hxx"
55 #include <algorithm>
56 #include <iostream>
57
58 namespace vigra {
59
60 /** \defgroup FeatureAccumulators Feature Accumulators
61
62 The namespace <tt>vigra::acc</tt> provides the function \ref vigra::acc::extractFeatures() along with associated statistics functors and accumulator classes. Together, they provide a framework for efficient compution of a wide variety of statistical features, both globally for an entire image, and locally for each region defined by a label array. Many different statistics can be composed out of a small number of fundamental statistics and suitable modifiers. The user simply selects the desired statistics by means of their <i>tags</i> (see below), and a template meta-program automatically generates an efficient functor that computes exactly those statistics.
63
64 The function \ref acc::extractFeatures() "extractFeatures()" scans the data in as few passes as the selected statstics permit (usually one or two passes are sufficient). Statistics are computed by accurate incremental algorithms, whose internal state is maintained by accumulator objects. The state is updated by passing data to the accumulator one sample at a time. Accumulators are grouped within an accumulator chain. Dependencies between accumulators in the accumulator chain are automatically resolved and missing dependencies are inserted. For example, to compute the mean, you also need to count the number of samples. This allows accumulators to offload some of their computations on other accumulators, making the algorithms more efficient. Each accumulator only sees data in the appropriate pass through the data, called its "working pass".
65
66 <b>\#include</b> <vigra/accumulator.hxx>
67
68
69 <b>Basic statistics:</b>
70 - PowerSum<N> (computes @f$ \sum_i x_i^N @f$)
71 - AbsPowerSum<N> (computes @f$ \sum_i |x_i|^N @f$)
72 - Skewness, UnbiasedSkewness
73 - Kurtosis, UnbiasedKurtosis
74 - Minimum, Maximum
75 - FlatScatterMatrix (flattened upper-triangular part of scatter matrix)
76 - 4 histogram classes (see \ref histogram "below")
77 - StandardQuantiles (0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, 100%)
78 - ArgMinWeight, ArgMaxWeight (store data or coordinate where weight assumes its minimal or maximal value)
79 - CoordinateSystem (identity matrix of appropriate size)
80
81 <b>Modifiers:</b> (S is the statistc to be modified)
82 - Normalization
83 <table border="0">
84 <tr><td> DivideByCount<S> </td><td> S/Count </td></tr>
85 <tr><td> RootDivideByCount<S> </td><td> sqrt( S/Count ) </td></tr>
86 <tr><td> DivideUnbiased<S> </td><td> S/(Count-1) </td></tr>
87 <tr><td> RootDivideUnbiased<S> &nbsp; &nbsp; </td><td> sqrt( S/(Count-1) ) </td></tr>
88 </table>
89 - Data preparation:
90 <table border="0">
91 <tr><td> Central<S> </td><td> substract mean before computing S </td></tr>
92 <tr><td> Principal<S> </td><td> project onto PCA eigenvectors </td></tr>
93 <tr><td> Whitened<S> &nbsp; &nbsp; </td><td> scale to unit variance after PCA </td></tr>
94 <tr><td> Coord<S> </td><td> compute S from pixel coordinates rather than from pixel values </td></tr>
95 <tr><td> Weighted<S> </td><td> compute weighted version of S </td></tr>
96 <tr><td> Global<S> </td><td> compute S globally rather than per region (per region is default if labels are given) </td></tr>
97 </table>
98
99 Aliases for many important features are implemented (mainly as <tt>typedef FullName Alias</tt>). The alias names are equivalent to full names. Below are some examples for supported alias names. A full list of all available statistics and alias names can be found in the namespace reference <tt>vigra::acc</tt>. These examples also show how to compose statistics from the fundamental statistics and modifiers:
100
101 <table border="0">
102 <tr><th> Alias </th><th> Full Name </th></tr>
103 <tr><td> Count </td><td> PowerSum<0> </td></tr>
104 <tr><td> Sum </td><td> PowerSum<1> </td></tr>
105 <tr><td> SumOfSquares </td><td> PowerSum<2> </td></tr>
106 <tr><td> Mean </td><td> DivideByCount<PowerSum<1>> </td></tr>
107 <tr><td> RootMeanSquares &nbsp; </td><td> RootDivideByCount<PowerSum<2>> </td></tr>
108 <tr><td> Moment<N> </td><td> DivideByCount<PowerSum<N>> </td></tr>
109 <tr><td> Variance </td><td> DivideByCount<Central<PowerSum<2>>> </td></tr>
110 <tr><td> StdDev </td><td> RootDivideByCount<Central<PowerSum<2>>> </td></tr>
111 <tr><td> Covariance </td><td> DivideByCount<FlatScatterMatrix> </td></tr>
112 <tr><td> RegionCenter </td><td> Coord<Mean> </td></tr>
113 <tr><td> CenterOfMass </td><td> Weighted<Coord<Mean>> </td></tr>
114 </table>
115
116 There are a few <b>rules for composing statistics</b>:
117 - modifiers can be specified in any order, but are internally transformed to standard order: Global<Weighted<Coord<normalization<data preparation<basic statistic
118 - only one normalization modifier and one data preparation modifier (Central or Principal or Whitened) is permitted
119 - Count ignores all modifiers except Global and Weighted
120 - Sum ignores Central and Principal, because sum would be zero
121 - ArgMinWeight and ArgMaxWeight are automatically Weighted
122
123
124 Here is an example how to use \ref acc::AccumulatorChain to compute statistics. (To use Weighted<> or Coord<> modifiers, see below):
125
126 \code
127 #include <vigra/multi_array.hxx>
128 #include <vigra/impex.hxx>
129 #include <vigra/accumulator.hxx>
130 using namespace vigra::acc;
131 typedef double DataType;
132 int size = 1000;
133 vigra::MultiArray<2, DataType> data(vigra::Shape2(size, size));
134
135 AccumulatorChain<DataType,
136 Select<Variance, Mean, StdDev, Minimum, Maximum, RootMeanSquares, Skewness, Covariance> >
137 a;
138
139 std::cout << "passes required: " << a.passesRequired() << std::endl;
140 extractFeatures(data.begin(), data.end(), a);
141
142 std::cout << "Mean: " << get<Mean>(a) << std::endl;
143 std::cout << "Variance: " << get<Variance>(a) << std::endl;
144 \endcode
145
146 The \ref acc::AccumulatorChain object contains the selected statistics and their dependencies. Statistics have to be wrapped with \ref acc::Select. The statistics are computed with the acc::extractFeatures function and the statistics can be accessed with acc::get .
147
148 Rules and notes:
149 - order of statistics in Select<> is arbitrary
150 - up to 20 statistics in Select<>, but Select<> can be nested
151 - dependencies are automatically inserted
152 - duplicates are automatically removed
153 - extractFeatures() does as many passes through the data as necessary
154 - each accumulator only sees data in the appropriate pass (its "working pass")
155
156 The Accumulators can also be used with vector-valued data (vigra::RGBValue, vigra::TinyVector, vigra::MultiArray or vigra::MultiArrayView):
157
158 \code
159 typedef vigra::RGBValue<double> DataType;
160 AccumulatorChain<DataType, Select<...> > a;
161 ...
162 \endcode
163
164 To compute <b>weighted statistics</b> (Weighted<>) or <b>statistics over coordinates</b> (Coord<>), the accumulator chain can be used with several coupled arrays, one for the data and another for the weights and/or the labels. "Coupled" means that statistics are computed over the corresponding elements of the involved arrays. This is internally done by means of \ref CoupledScanOrderIterator and \ref vigra::CoupledHandle which provide simultaneous access to several arrays (e.g. weight and data) and corresponding coordinates. The types of the coupled arrays are best specified by means of the helper class \ref vigra::CoupledArrays :
165
166 \code
167 vigra::MultiArray<3, RGBValue<unsigned char> > data(...);
168 vigra::MultiArray<3, double> weights(...);
169
170 AccumulatorChain<CoupledArrays<3, RGBValue<unsigned char>, double>,
171 Select<...> > a;
172 \endcode
173
174 This works likewise for label images which are needed for region statistics (see below). The indxx of the array holding data, weights, or labels respectively can be specified inside the Select wrapper. These <b>index specifiers</b> are: (INDEX is of type int)
175 - DataArg<INDEX>: data are in array 'INDEX' (default INDEX=1)
176 - LabelArg<INDEX>: labels are in array 'INDEX' (default INDEX=2)
177 - WeightArg<INDEX>: weights are in array 'INDEX' (default INDEX=rightmost index)
178
179 Pixel coordinates are always at index 0. To collect statistics, you simply pass all arrays to the <tt>extractFeatures()</tt> function:
180 \code
181 using namespace vigra::acc;
182 vigra::MultiArray<3, double> data(...), weights(...);
183
184 AccumulatorChain<CoupledArrays<3, double, double>, // two 3D arrays for data and weights
185 Select<DataArg<1>, WeightArg<2>, // in which array to look (coordinates are always arg 0)
186 Mean, Variance, //statistics over values
187 Coord<Mean>, Coord<Variance>, //statistics over coordinates,
188 Weighted<Mean>, Weighted<Variance>, //weighted values,
189 Weighted<Coord<Mean> > > > //weighted coordinates.
190 a;
191
192 extractFeatures(data, weights, a);
193 \endcode
194
195 This even works for a single array, which is useful if you want to combine values with coordinates. For example, to find the location of the minimum element in an array, you interpret the data as weights and select the <tt>Coord<ArgMinWeight></tt> statistic (note that the version of <tt>extractFeatures()</tt> below only works in conjunction with <tt>CoupledArrays</tt>, despite the fact that there is only one array involved):
196 \code
197 using namespace vigra::acc;
198 vigra::MultiArray<3, double> data(...);
199
200 AccumulatorChain<CoupledArrays<3, double>,
201 Select<WeightArg<1>, // we interprete the data as weights
202 Coord<ArgMinWeight> > > // and look for the coordinate with minimal weight
203 a;
204
205 extractFeatures(data, a);
206 std::cout << "minimum is at " << get<Coord<ArgMinWeight> >(a) << std::endl;
207 \endcode
208
209 To compute <b>region statistics</b>, you use \ref acc::AccumulatorChainArray. Regions are defined by means of a label array whose elements specify the region ID of the corresponding point. Therefore, you will always need at least two arrays here, which are again best specified using the <tt>CoupledArrays</tt> helper:
210
211 \code
212 using namespace vigra::acc;
213 vigra::MultiArray<3, double> data(...);
214 vigra::MultiArray<3, int> labels(...);
215
216 AccumulatorChainArray<CoupledArrays<3, double, int>,
217 Select<DataArg<1>, LabelArg<2>, // in which array to look (coordinates are always arg 0)
218 Mean, Variance, //per-region statistics over values
219 Coord<Mean>, Coord<Variance>, //per-region statistics over coordinates
220 Global<Mean>, Global<Variance> > > //global statistics
221 a;
222
223 a.ignoreLabel(0); //statistics will not be computed for region 0 (e.g. background)
224
225 extractFeatures(data, labels, a);
226
227 int regionlabel = ...;
228 std::cout << get<Mean>(a, regionlabel) << std::endl; //get Mean of region with label 'regionlabel'
229 \endcode
230
231
232 In some application it will be known only at run-time which statistics have to be computed. An Accumulator with <b>run-time activation</b> is provided by the \ref acc::DynamicAccumulatorChain class. One specifies a set of statistics at compile-time and from this set one can activate the needed statistics at run-time:
233
234 \code
235 using namespace vigra::acc;
236 vigra::MultiArray<2, double> data(...);
237 DynamicAccumulatorChain<double,
238 Select<Mean, Minimum, Maximum, Variance, StdDev> > a; // at compile-time
239 activate<Mean>(a); //at run-time
240 a.activate("Minimum"); //same as activate<Minimum>(a) (alias names are not recognized)
241
242 extractFeatures(data.begin(), data.end(), a);
243 std::cout << "Mean: " << get<Mean>(a) << std::endl; //ok
244 //std::cout << "Maximum: " << get<Maximum>(a) << std::endl; // run-time error because Maximum not activated
245 \endcode
246
247 Likewise, for run-time activation of region statistics, use \ref acc::DynamicAccumulatorChainArray.
248
249 <b>Accumulator merging</b> (e.g. for parallelization or hierarchical segmentation) is possible for many accumulators:
250
251 \code
252 using namespace vigra::acc;
253 vigra::MultiArray<2, double> data(...);
254 AccumulatorChain<double, Select<Mean, Variance, Skewness> > a, a1, a2;
255
256 extractFeatures(data.begin(), data.end(), a); //process entire data set at once
257 extractFeatures(data.begin(), data.begin()+data.size()/2, a1); //process first half
258 extractFeatures(data.begin()+data.size()/2, data.end(), a2); //process second half
259 a1 += a2; // merge: a1 now equals a0 (within numerical tolerances)
260 \endcode
261
262 Not all statistics can be merged (e.g. Principal<A> usually cannot, except for some important specializations). A statistic can be merged if the "+=" operator is supported (see the documentation of that particular statistic). If the accumulator chain only requires one pass to collect the data, it is also possible to just apply the extractFeatures() function repeatedly:
263
264 \code
265 using namespace vigra::acc;
266 vigra::MultiArray<2, double> data(...);
267 AccumulatorChain<double, Select<Mean, Variance> > a;
268
269 extractFeatures(data.begin(), data.begin()+data.size()/2, a); // this works because
270 extractFeatures(data.begin()+data.size()/2, data.end(), a); // all statistics only need pass 1
271 \endcode
272
273 More care is needed to merge coordinate-based statistics. By default, all coordinate statistics are computed in the local coordinate system of the current region of interest. That is, the upper left corner of the ROI has the coordinate (0, 0) by default. This behavior is not desirable when you want to merge coordinate statistics from different ROIs: then, all accumulators should use the same coordinate system, usually the global system of the entire dataset. This can be achieved by the <tt>setCoordinateOffset()</tt> function. The following code demonstrates this for the <tt>RegionCenter</tt> statistic:
274
275 \code
276 using namespace vigra;
277 using namespace vigra::acc;
278
279 MultiArray<2, double> data(width, height);
280 MultiArray<2, int> labels(width, height);
281
282 AccumulatorChainArray<CoupledArrays<2, double, int>,
283 Select<DataArg<1>, LabelArg<2>,
284 RegionCenter> >
285 a1, a2;
286
287 // a1 is responsible for the left half of the image. The local coordinate system of this ROI
288 // happens to be identical to the global coordinate system, so the offset is zero.
289 Shape2 origin(0,0);
290 a1.setCoordinateOffset(origin);
291 extractFeatures(data.subarray(origin, Shape2(width/2, height)),
292 labels.subarray(origin, Shape2(width/2, height)),
293 a1);
294
295 // a2 is responsible for the right half, so the offset of the local coordinate system is (width/2, 0)
296 origin = Shape2(width/2, 0);
297 a2.setCoordinateOffset(origin);
298 extractFeatures(data.subarray(origin, Shape2(width, height)),
299 labels.subarray(origin, Shape2(width, height)),
300 a2);
301
302 // since both accumulators worked in the same global coordinate system, we can safely merge them
303 a1.merge(a2);
304 \endcode
305
306 When you compute region statistics in ROIs, it is sometimes desirable to use a local region labeling in each ROI. In this way, the labels of each ROI cover a consecutive range of numbers starting with 0. This can save a lot of memory, because <tt>AccumulatorChainArray</tt> internally uses dense arrays -- accumulators will be allocated for all labels from 0 to the maxmimum label, even when many of them are unused. This is avoided by a local labeling. However, this means that label 1 (say) may refer to two different regions in different ROIs. To adjust for this mismatch, you can pass a label mapping to <tt>merge()</tt> that provides a global label for each label of the accumulator to be merged. Thus, each region on the right hand side will be merged into the left-hand-side accumulator with the given <i>global</i> label. For example, let us assume that the left and right half of the image contain just one region and background. Then, the accumulators of both ROIs have the label 0 (background) and 1 (the region). Upon merging, the region from the right ROI should be given the global label 2, whereas the background should keep its label 0. This is achieved like this:
307
308 \code
309 std::vector<int> labelMapping(2);
310 labelMapping[0] = 0; // background keeps label 0
311 labelMapping[1] = 2; // local region 1 becomes global region 2
312
313 a1.merge(a2, labelMapping);
314 \endcode
315
316 \anchor histogram
317 Four kinds of <b>histograms</b> are currently implemented:
318
319 <table border="0">
320 <tr><td> IntegerHistogram </td><td> Data values are equal to bin indices </td></tr>
321 <tr><td> UserRangeHistogram </td><td> User provides lower and upper bounds for linear range mapping from values to indices. </td></tr>
322 <tr><td> AutoRangeHistogram </td><td> Range mapping bounds are defiend by minimum and maximum of the data (2 passes needed!) </td></tr>
323 <tr><td> GlobalRangeHistogram &nbsp; </td><td> Likewise, but use global min/max rather than region min/max as AutoRangeHistogram will </td></tr>
324 </table>
325
326
327
328 - The number of bins is specified at compile time (as template parameter int BinCount) or at run-time (if BinCount is zero at compile time). In the first case the return type of the accumulator is TinyVector<double, BinCount> (number of bins cannot be changed). In the second case, the return type is MultiArray<1, double> and the number of bins must be set before seeing data (see example below).
329 - If UserRangeHistogram is used, the bounds for the linear range mapping from values to indices must be set before seeing data (see below).
330 - Options can be set by passing an instance of HistogramOptions to the accumulator chain (same options for all histograms in the chain) or by directly calling the appropriate member functions of the accumulators.
331 - Merging is supported if the range mapping of the histograms is the same.
332 - Histogram accumulators have two members for outliers (left_outliers, right_outliers).
333
334 With the StandardQuantiles class, <b>histogram quantiles</b> (0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, 100%) are computed from a given histgram using linear interpolation. The return type is TinyVector<double, 7> .
335
336 \anchor acc_hist_options Usage:
337 \code
338 using namespace vigra::acc;
339 typedef double DataType;
340 vigra::MultiArray<2, DataType> data(...);
341
342 typedef UserRangeHistogram<40> SomeHistogram; //binCount set at compile time
343 typedef UserRangeHistogram<0> SomeHistogram2; // binCount must be set at run-time
344 typedef AutoRangeHistogram<0> SomeHistogram3;
345 typedef StandardQuantiles<SomeHistogram3> Quantiles3;
346
347 AccumulatorChain<DataType, Select<SomeHistogram, SomeHistogram2, SomeHistogram3, Quantiles3> > a;
348
349 //set options for all histograms in the accumulator chain:
350 vigra::HistogramOptions histogram_opt;
351 histogram_opt = histogram_opt.setBinCount(50);
352 //histogram_opt = histogram_opt.setMinMax(0.1, 0.9); // this would set min/max for all three histograms, but range bounds
353 // shall be set automatically by min/max of data for SomeHistogram3
354 a.setHistogramOptions(histogram_opt);
355
356 // set options for a specific histogram in the accumulator chain:
357 getAccumulator<SomeHistogram>(a).setMinMax(0.1, 0.9); // number of bins must be set before setting min/max
358 getAccumulator<SomeHistogram2>(a).setMinMax(0.0, 1.0);
359
360 extractFeatures(data.begin(), data.end(), a);
361
362 vigra::TinyVector<double, 40> hist = get<SomeHistogram>(a);
363 vigra::MultiArray<1, double> hist2 = get<SomeHistogram2>(a);
364 vigra::TinyVector<double, 7> quant = get<Quantiles3>(a);
365 double right_outliers = getAccumulator<SomeHistogram>(a).right_outliers;
366 \endcode
367
368
369
370 */
371
372
373 /** This namespace contains the accumulator classes, fundamental statistics and modifiers. See \ref FeatureAccumulators for examples of usage.
374 */
375 namespace acc {
376
377 /****************************************************************************/
378 /* */
379 /* infrastructure */
380 /* */
381 /****************************************************************************/
382
383 /// \brief Wrapper for MakeTypeList that additionally performs tag standardization.
384
385 template <class T01=void, class T02=void, class T03=void, class T04=void, class T05=void,
386 class T06=void, class T07=void, class T08=void, class T09=void, class T10=void,
387 class T11=void, class T12=void, class T13=void, class T14=void, class T15=void,
388 class T16=void, class T17=void, class T18=void, class T19=void, class T20=void>
389 struct Select
390 : public MakeTypeList<
391 typename StandardizeTag<T01>::type, typename StandardizeTag<T02>::type, typename StandardizeTag<T03>::type,
392 typename StandardizeTag<T04>::type, typename StandardizeTag<T05>::type, typename StandardizeTag<T06>::type,
393 typename StandardizeTag<T07>::type, typename StandardizeTag<T08>::type, typename StandardizeTag<T09>::type,
394 typename StandardizeTag<T10>::type, typename StandardizeTag<T11>::type, typename StandardizeTag<T12>::type,
395 typename StandardizeTag<T13>::type, typename StandardizeTag<T14>::type, typename StandardizeTag<T15>::type,
396 typename StandardizeTag<T16>::type, typename StandardizeTag<T17>::type, typename StandardizeTag<T18>::type,
397 typename StandardizeTag<T19>::type, typename StandardizeTag<T20>::type
398 >
399 {};
400
401 // enable nesting of Select<> expressions
402 template <class T01, class T02, class T03, class T04, class T05,
403 class T06, class T07, class T08, class T09, class T10,
404 class T11, class T12, class T13, class T14, class T15,
405 class T16, class T17, class T18, class T19, class T20>
406 struct StandardizeTag<Select<T01, T02, T03, T04, T05,
407 T06, T07, T08, T09, T10,
408 T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
409 T16, T17, T18, T19, T20>,
410 Select<T01, T02, T03, T04, T05,
411 T06, T07, T08, T09, T10,
412 T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
413 T16, T17, T18, T19, T20> >
414 {
415 typedef typename Select<T01, T02, T03, T04, T05,
416 T06, T07, T08, T09, T10,
417 T11, T12, T13, T14, T15,
418 T16, T17, T18, T19, T20>::type type;
419 };
420
421 struct AccumulatorBegin
422 {
423 typedef Select<> Dependencies;
424
425 static std::string name()
426 {
427 return "AccumulatorBegin (internal)";
428 // static const std::string n("AccumulatorBegin (internal)");
429 // return n;
430 }
431
432 template <class T, class BASE>
433 struct Impl
434 : public BASE
435 {};
436 };
437
438
439 struct AccumulatorEnd;
440 struct DataArgTag;
441 struct WeightArgTag;
442 struct LabelArgTag;
443 struct CoordArgTag;
444 struct LabelDispatchTag;
445
446 struct Error__Global_statistics_are_only_defined_for_AccumulatorChainArray;
447
448 /** \brief Specifies index of labels in CoupledHandle.
449
450 LabelArg<INDEX> tells the acc::AccumulatorChainArray which index of the Handle contains the labels. (Note that coordinates are always index 0)
451 */
452 template <int INDEX>
453 class LabelArg
454 {
455 public:
456 typedef Select<> Dependencies;
457
458 static std::string name()
459 {
460 return std::string("LabelArg<") + asString(INDEX) + "> (internal)";
461 // static const std::string n = std::string("LabelArg<") + asString(INDEX) + "> (internal)";
462 // return n;
463 }
464
465 template <class T, class BASE>
466 struct Impl
467 : public BASE
468 {
469 typedef LabelArgTag Tag;
470 typedef void value_type;
471 typedef void result_type;
472
473 static const int value = INDEX;
474 static const unsigned int workInPass = 0;
475 };
476 };
477
478 template <int INDEX>
479 class CoordArg
480 {
481 public:
482 typedef Select<> Dependencies;
483
484 static std::string name()
485 {
486 return std::string("CoordArg<") + asString(INDEX) + "> (internal)";
487 // static const std::string n = std::string("CoordArg<") + asString(INDEX) + "> (internal)";
488 // return n;
489 }
490
491 template <class T, class BASE>
492 struct Impl
493 : public BASE
494 {
495 typedef CoordArgTag Tag;
496 typedef void value_type;
497 typedef void result_type;
498
499 static const int value = INDEX;
500 static const unsigned int workInPass = 0;
501 };
502 };
503
504 template <class T, class TAG, class NEXT=AccumulatorEnd>
505 struct AccumulatorBase;
506
507 template <class Tag, class A>
508 struct LookupTag;
509
510 template <class Tag, class A, class TargetTag=typename A::Tag>
511 struct LookupDependency;
512
513 #ifndef _MSC_VER // compiler bug? (causes 'ambiguous overload error')
514
515 template <class TAG, class A>
516 typename LookupTag<TAG, A>::reference
517 getAccumulator(A & a);
518
519 template <class TAG, class A>
520 typename LookupDependency<TAG, A>::result_type
521 getDependency(A const & a);
522
523 #endif
524
525 namespace acc_detail {
526
527 /****************************************************************************/
528 /* */
529 /* internal tag handling meta-functions */
530 /* */
531 /****************************************************************************/
532
533 // we must make sure that Arg<INDEX> tags are at the end of the chain because
534 // all other tags potentially depend on them
535 template <class T>
536 struct PushArgTagToTail
537 {
538 typedef T type;
539 };
540
541 #define VIGRA_PUSHARGTAG(TAG) \
542 template <int INDEX, class TAIL> \
543 struct PushArgTagToTail<TypeList<TAG<INDEX>, TAIL> > \
544 { \
545 typedef typename Push<TAIL, TypeList<TAG<INDEX> > >::type type; \
546 };
547
548 VIGRA_PUSHARGTAG(DataArg)
549 VIGRA_PUSHARGTAG(WeightArg)
550 VIGRA_PUSHARGTAG(CoordArg)
551 VIGRA_PUSHARGTAG(LabelArg)
552
553 #undef VIGRA_PUSHARGTAG
554
555 // Insert the dependencies of the selected functors into the TypeList and sort
556 // the list such that dependencies come after the functors using them. Make sure
557 // that each functor is contained only once.
558 template <class T>
559 struct AddDependencies;
560
561 template <class HEAD, class TAIL>
562 struct AddDependencies<TypeList<HEAD, TAIL> >
563 {
564 typedef typename AddDependencies<TAIL>::type TailWithDependencies;
565 typedef typename StandardizeDependencies<HEAD>::type HeadDependencies;
566 typedef typename AddDependencies<HeadDependencies>::type TransitiveHeadDependencies;
567 typedef TypeList<HEAD, TransitiveHeadDependencies> HeadWithDependencies;
568 typedef typename PushUnique<HeadWithDependencies, TailWithDependencies>::type UnsortedDependencies;
569 typedef typename PushArgTagToTail<UnsortedDependencies>::type type;
570 };
571
572 template <>
573 struct AddDependencies<void>
574 {
575 typedef void type;
576 };
577
578 // Helper class to activate dependencies at runtime (i.e. when activate<Tag>(accu) is called,
579 // activate() must also be called for Tag's dependencies).
580 template <class Dependencies>
581 struct ActivateDependencies;
582
583 template <class HEAD, class TAIL>
584 struct ActivateDependencies<TypeList<HEAD, TAIL> >
585 {
586 template <class Chain, class ActiveFlags>
587 static void exec(ActiveFlags & flags)
588 {
589 LookupTag<HEAD, Chain>::type::activateImpl(flags);
590 ActivateDependencies<TAIL>::template exec<Chain>(flags);
591 }
592
593 template <class Chain, class ActiveFlags, class GlobalFlags>
594 static void exec(ActiveFlags & flags, GlobalFlags & gflags)
595 {
596 LookupTag<HEAD, Chain>::type::template activateImpl<Chain>(flags, gflags);
597 ActivateDependencies<TAIL>::template exec<Chain>(flags, gflags);
598 }
599 };
600
601 template <class HEAD, class TAIL>
602 struct ActivateDependencies<TypeList<Global<HEAD>, TAIL> >
603 {
604 template <class Chain, class ActiveFlags, class GlobalFlags>
605 static void exec(ActiveFlags & flags, GlobalFlags & gflags)
606 {
607 LookupTag<Global<HEAD>, Chain>::type::activateImpl(gflags);
608 ActivateDependencies<TAIL>::template exec<Chain>(flags, gflags);
609 }
610 };
611
612 template <>
613 struct ActivateDependencies<void>
614 {
615 template <class Chain, class ActiveFlags>
616 static void exec(ActiveFlags &)
617 {}
618
619 template <class Chain, class ActiveFlags, class GlobalFlags>
620 static void exec(ActiveFlags &, GlobalFlags &)
621 {}
622 };
623
624 template <class List>
625 struct SeparateGlobalAndRegionTags;
626
627 template <class HEAD, class TAIL>
628 struct SeparateGlobalAndRegionTags<TypeList<HEAD, TAIL> >
629 {
630 typedef SeparateGlobalAndRegionTags<TAIL> Inner;
631 typedef TypeList<HEAD, typename Inner::RegionTags> RegionTags;
632 typedef typename Inner::GlobalTags GlobalTags;
633 };
634
635 template <class HEAD, class TAIL>
636 struct SeparateGlobalAndRegionTags<TypeList<Global<HEAD>, TAIL> >
637 {
638 typedef SeparateGlobalAndRegionTags<TAIL> Inner;
639 typedef typename Inner::RegionTags RegionTags;
640 typedef TypeList<HEAD, typename Inner::GlobalTags> GlobalTags;
641 };
642
643 template <int INDEX, class TAIL>
644 struct SeparateGlobalAndRegionTags<TypeList<DataArg<INDEX>, TAIL> >
645 {
646 typedef SeparateGlobalAndRegionTags<TAIL> Inner;
647 typedef TypeList<DataArg<INDEX>, typename Inner::RegionTags> RegionTags;
648 typedef TypeList<DataArg<INDEX>, typename Inner::GlobalTags> GlobalTags;
649 };
650
651 template <int INDEX, class TAIL>
652 struct SeparateGlobalAndRegionTags<TypeList<LabelArg<INDEX>, TAIL> >
653 {
654 typedef SeparateGlobalAndRegionTags<TAIL> Inner;
655 typedef typename Inner::RegionTags RegionTags;
656 typedef TypeList<LabelArg<INDEX>, typename Inner::GlobalTags> GlobalTags;
657 };
658
659 template <int INDEX, class TAIL>
660 struct SeparateGlobalAndRegionTags<TypeList<WeightArg<INDEX>, TAIL> >
661 {
662 typedef SeparateGlobalAndRegionTags<TAIL> Inner;
663 typedef TypeList<WeightArg<INDEX>, typename Inner::RegionTags> RegionTags;
664 typedef TypeList<WeightArg<INDEX>, typename Inner::GlobalTags> GlobalTags;
665 };
666
667 template <int INDEX, class TAIL>
668 struct SeparateGlobalAndRegionTags<TypeList<CoordArg<INDEX>, TAIL> >
669 {
670 typedef SeparateGlobalAndRegionTags<TAIL> Inner;
671 typedef TypeList<CoordArg<INDEX>, typename Inner::RegionTags> RegionTags;
672 typedef TypeList<CoordArg<INDEX>, typename Inner::GlobalTags> GlobalTags;
673 };
674
675 template <>
676 struct SeparateGlobalAndRegionTags<void>
677 {
678 typedef void RegionTags;
679 typedef void GlobalTags;
680 };
681
682 /****************************************************************************/
683 /* */
684 /* helper classes to handle tags at runtime via strings */
685 /* */
686 /****************************************************************************/
687
688 template <class Accumulators>
689 struct CollectAccumulatorNames;
690
691 template <class HEAD, class TAIL>
692 struct CollectAccumulatorNames<TypeList<HEAD, TAIL> >
693 {
694 template <class BackInsertable>
695 static void exec(BackInsertable & a, bool skipInternals=true)
696 {
697 if(!skipInternals || HEAD::name().find("internal") == std::string::npos)
698 a.push_back(HEAD::name());
699 CollectAccumulatorNames<TAIL>::exec(a, skipInternals);
700 }
701 };
702
703 template <>
704 struct CollectAccumulatorNames<void>
705 {
706 template <class BackInsertable>
707 static void exec(BackInsertable & a, bool skipInternals=true)
708 {}
709 };
710
711 template <class T>
712 struct ApplyVisitorToTag;
713
714 template <class HEAD, class TAIL>
715 struct ApplyVisitorToTag<TypeList<HEAD, TAIL> >
716 {
717 template <class Accu, class Visitor>
718 static bool exec(Accu & a, std::string const & tag, Visitor const & v)
719 {
720 static std::string * name = VIGRA_SAFE_STATIC(name, new std::string(normalizeString(HEAD::name())));
721 if(*name == tag)
722 {
723 v.template exec<HEAD>(a);
724 return true;
725 }
726 else
727 {
728 return ApplyVisitorToTag<TAIL>::exec(a, tag, v);
729 }
730 }
731 };
732
733 template <>
734 struct ApplyVisitorToTag<void>
735 {
736 template <class Accu, class Visitor>
737 static bool exec(Accu & a, std::string const & tag, Visitor const & v)
738 {
739 return false;
740 }
741 };
742
743 struct ActivateTag_Visitor
744 {
745 template <class TAG, class Accu>
746 void exec(Accu & a) const
747 {
748 a.template activate<TAG>();
749 }
750 };
751
752 struct TagIsActive_Visitor
753 {
754 mutable bool result;
755
756 template <class TAG, class Accu>
757 void exec(Accu & a) const
758 {
759 result = a.template isActive<TAG>();
760 }
761 };
762
763 /****************************************************************************/
764 /* */
765 /* histogram initialization functors */
766 /* */
767 /****************************************************************************/
768
769 template <class TAG>
770 struct SetHistogramBincount
771 {
772 template <class Accu>
773 static void exec(Accu & a, HistogramOptions const & options)
774 {}
775 };
776
777 template <template <int> class Histogram>
778 struct SetHistogramBincount<Histogram<0> >
779 {
780 template <class Accu>
781 static void exec(Accu & a, HistogramOptions const & options)
782 {
783 a.setBinCount(options.binCount);
784 }
785 };
786
787 template <class TAG>
788 struct ApplyHistogramOptions
789 {
790 template <class Accu>
791 static void exec(Accu & a, HistogramOptions const & options)
792 {}
793 };
794
795 template <class TAG>
796 struct ApplyHistogramOptions<StandardQuantiles<TAG> >
797 {
798 template <class Accu>
799 static void exec(Accu & a, HistogramOptions const & options)
800 {}
801 };
802
803 template <class TAG, template <class> class MODIFIER>
804 struct ApplyHistogramOptions<MODIFIER<TAG> >
805 : public ApplyHistogramOptions<TAG>
806 {};
807
808 template <>
809 struct ApplyHistogramOptions<IntegerHistogram<0> >
810 {
811 template <class Accu>
812 static void exec(Accu & a, HistogramOptions const & options)
813 {
814 SetHistogramBincount<IntegerHistogram<0> >::exec(a, options);
815 }
816 };
817
818 template <int BinCount>
819 struct ApplyHistogramOptions<UserRangeHistogram<BinCount> >
820 {
821 template <class Accu>
822 static void exec(Accu & a, HistogramOptions const & options)
823 {
824 SetHistogramBincount<UserRangeHistogram<BinCount> >::exec(a, options);
825 if(a.scale_ == 0.0 && options.validMinMax())
826 a.setMinMax(options.minimum, options.maximum);
827 }
828 };
829
830 template <int BinCount>
831 struct ApplyHistogramOptions<AutoRangeHistogram<BinCount> >
832 {
833 template <class Accu>
834 static void exec(Accu & a, HistogramOptions const & options)
835 {
836 SetHistogramBincount<AutoRangeHistogram<BinCount> >::exec(a, options);
837 if(a.scale_ == 0.0 && options.validMinMax())
838 a.setMinMax(options.minimum, options.maximum);
839 }
840 };
841
842 template <int BinCount>
843 struct ApplyHistogramOptions<GlobalRangeHistogram<BinCount> >
844 {
845 template <class Accu>
846 static void exec(Accu & a, HistogramOptions const & options)
847 {
848 SetHistogramBincount<GlobalRangeHistogram<BinCount> >::exec(a, options);
849 if(a.scale_ == 0.0)
850 {
851 if(options.validMinMax())
852 a.setMinMax(options.minimum, options.maximum);
853 else
854 a.setRegionAutoInit(options.local_auto_init);
855 }
856 }
857 };
858
859 /****************************************************************************/
860 /* */
861 /* internal accumulator chain classes */
862 /* */
863 /****************************************************************************/
864
865 // AccumulatorEndImpl has the following functionalities:
866 // * marks end of accumulator chain by the AccumulatorEnd tag
867 // * provides empty implementation of standard accumulator functions
868 // * provides active_accumulators_ flags for run-time activation of dynamic accumulators
869 // * provides is_dirty_ flags for caching accumulators
870 // * hold the GlobalAccumulatorHandle for global accumulator lookup from region accumulators
871 template <unsigned LEVEL, class GlobalAccumulatorHandle>
872 struct AccumulatorEndImpl
873 {
874 typedef typename GlobalAccumulatorHandle::type GlobalAccumulatorType;
875
876 typedef AccumulatorEnd Tag;
877 typedef void value_type;
878 typedef bool result_type;
879 typedef BitArray<LEVEL> AccumulatorFlags;
880
881 static const unsigned int workInPass = 0;
882 static const int index = -1;
883 static const unsigned level = LEVEL;
884
885 AccumulatorFlags active_accumulators_;
886 mutable AccumulatorFlags is_dirty_;
887 GlobalAccumulatorHandle globalAccumulator_;
888
889 template <class GlobalAccumulator>
890 void setGlobalAccumulator(GlobalAccumulator const * a)
891 {
892 globalAccumulator_.pointer_ = a;
893 }
894
895 static std::string name()
896 {
897 return "AccumulatorEnd (internal)";
898 }
899
900 bool operator()() const { return false; }
901 bool get() const { return false; }
902
903 template <unsigned, class U>
904 void pass(U const &)
905 {}
906
907 template <unsigned, class U>
908 void pass(U const &, double)
909 {}
910
911 template <class U>
912 void mergeImpl(U const &)
913 {}
914
915 template <class U>
916 void resize(U const &)
917 {}
918
919 template <class U>
920 void setCoordinateOffsetImpl(U const &)
921 {}
922
923 void activate()
924 {}
925
926 bool isActive() const
927 {
928 return false;
929 }
930
931 template <class Flags>
932 static void activateImpl(Flags &)
933 {}
934
935 template <class Accu, class Flags1, class Flags2>
936 static void activateImpl(Flags1 &, Flags2 &)
937 {}
938
939 template <class Flags>
940 static bool isActiveImpl(Flags const &)
941 {
942 return true;
943 }
944
945 void applyHistogramOptions(HistogramOptions const &)
946 {}
947
948 static unsigned int passesRequired()
949 {
950 return 0;
951 }
952
953 static unsigned int passesRequired(AccumulatorFlags const &)
954 {
955 return 0;
956 }
957
958 void reset()
959 {
960 active_accumulators_.clear();
961 is_dirty_.clear();
962 }
963
964 template <int which>
965 void setDirtyImpl() const
966 {
967 is_dirty_.template set<which>();
968 }
969
970 template <int which>
971 void setCleanImpl() const
972 {
973 is_dirty_.template reset<which>();
974 }
975
976 template <int which>
977 bool isDirtyImpl() const
978 {
979 return is_dirty_.template test<which>();
980 }
981 };
982
983 // DecoratorImpl implement the functionality of Decorator below
984 template <class A, unsigned CurrentPass, bool allowRuntimeActivation, unsigned WorkPass=A::workInPass>
985 struct DecoratorImpl
986 {
987 template <class T>
988 static void exec(A & a, T const & t)
989 {}
990
991 template <class T>
992 static void exec(A & a, T const & t, double weight)
993 {}
994 };
995
996 template <class A, unsigned CurrentPass>
997 struct DecoratorImpl<A, CurrentPass, false, CurrentPass>
998 {
999 template <class T>
1000 static void exec(A & a, T const & t)
1001 {
1002 a.update(t);
1003 }
1004
1005 template <class T>
1006 static void exec(A & a, T const & t, double weight)
1007 {
1008 a.update(t, weight);
1009 }
1010
1011 static typename A::result_type get(A const & a)
1012 {
1013 return a();
1014 }
1015
1016 static void mergeImpl(A & a, A const & o)
1017 {
1018 a += o;
1019 }
1020
1021 template <class T>
1022 static void resize(A & a, T const & t)
1023 {
1024 a.reshape(t);
1025 }
1026
1027 static void applyHistogramOptions(A & a, HistogramOptions const & options)
1028 {
1029 ApplyHistogramOptions<typename A::Tag>::exec(a, options);
1030 }
1031
1032 static unsigned int passesRequired()
1033 {
1034 static const unsigned int A_workInPass = A::workInPass;
1035 return std::max(A_workInPass, A::InternalBaseType::passesRequired());
1036 }
1037 };
1038
1039 template <class A, unsigned CurrentPass>
1040 struct DecoratorImpl<A, CurrentPass, true, CurrentPass>
1041 {
1042 static bool isActive(A const & a)
1043 {
1044 return A::isActiveImpl(getAccumulator<AccumulatorEnd>(a).active_accumulators_);
1045 }
1046
1047 template <class T>
1048 static void exec(A & a, T const & t)
1049 {
1050 if(isActive(a))
1051 a.update(t);
1052 }
1053
1054 template <class T>
1055 static void exec(A & a, T const & t, double weight)
1056 {
1057 if(isActive(a))
1058 a.update(t, weight);
1059 }
1060
1061 static typename A::result_type get(A const & a)
1062 {
1063 if(!isActive(a))
1064 {
1065 std::string message = std::string("get(accumulator): attempt to access inactive statistic '") +
1066 A::Tag::name() + "'.";
1067 vigra_precondition(false, message);
1068 }
1069 return a();
1070 }
1071
1072 static void mergeImpl(A & a, A const & o)
1073 {
1074 if(isActive(a))
1075 a += o;
1076 }
1077
1078 template <class T>
1079 static void resize(A & a, T const & t)
1080 {
1081 if(isActive(a))
1082 a.reshape(t);
1083 }
1084
1085 static void applyHistogramOptions(A & a, HistogramOptions const & options)
1086 {
1087 if(isActive(a))
1088 ApplyHistogramOptions<typename A::Tag>::exec(a, options);
1089 }
1090
1091 template <class ActiveFlags>
1092 static unsigned int passesRequired(ActiveFlags const & flags)
1093 {
1094 static const unsigned int A_workInPass = A::workInPass;
1095 return A::isActiveImpl(flags)
1096 ? std::max(A_workInPass, A::InternalBaseType::passesRequired(flags))
1097 : A::InternalBaseType::passesRequired(flags);
1098 }
1099 };
1100
1101 // Generic reshape function (expands to a no-op when T has fixed shape, and to
1102 // the appropriate specialized call otherwise). Shape is an instance of MultiArrayShape<N>::type.
1103 template <class T, class Shape>
1104 void reshapeImpl(T &, Shape const &)
1105 {}
1106
1107 template <class T, class Shape, class Initial>
1108 void reshapeImpl(T &, Shape const &, Initial const & = T())
1109 {}
1110
1111 template <unsigned int N, class T, class Alloc, class Shape>
1112 void reshapeImpl(MultiArray<N, T, Alloc> & a, Shape const & s, T const & initial = T())
1113 {
1114 MultiArray<N, T, Alloc>(s, initial).swap(a);
1115 }
1116
1117 template <class T, class Alloc, class Shape>
1118 void reshapeImpl(Matrix<T, Alloc> & a, Shape const & s, T const & initial = T())
1119 {
1120 Matrix<T, Alloc>(s, initial).swap(a);
1121 }
1122
1123 template <class T, class U>
1124 void copyShapeImpl(T const &, U const &) // to be used for scalars and static arrays
1125 {}
1126
1127 template <unsigned int N, class T, class Alloc, class U>
1128 void copyShapeImpl(MultiArray<N, T, Alloc> const & from, U & to)
1129 {
1130 to.reshape(from.shape());
1131 }
1132
1133 template <class T, class Alloc, class U>
1134 void copyShapeImpl(Matrix<T, Alloc> const & from, U & to)
1135 {
1136 to.reshape(from.shape());
1137 }
1138
1139 template <class T, class U>
1140 bool hasDataImpl(T const &) // to be used for scalars and static arrays
1141 {
1142 return true;
1143 }
1144
1145 template <unsigned int N, class T, class Stride>
1146 bool hasDataImpl(MultiArrayView<N, T, Stride> const & a)
1147 {
1148 return a.hasData();
1149 }
1150
1151 // generic functions to create suitable shape objects from various input data types
1152 template <unsigned int N, class T, class Stride>
1153 inline typename MultiArrayShape<N>::type
1154 shapeOf(MultiArrayView<N, T, Stride> const & a)
1155 {
1156 return a.shape();
1157 }
1158
1159 template <class T, int N>
1160 inline Shape1
1161 shapeOf(TinyVector<T, N> const &)
1162 {
1163 return Shape1(N);
1164 }
1165
1166 template <class T, class NEXT>
1167 inline CoupledHandle<T, NEXT> const &
1168 shapeOf(CoupledHandle<T, NEXT> const & t)
1169 {
1170 return t;
1171 }
1172
1173 #define VIGRA_SHAPE_OF(type) \
1174 inline Shape1 \
1175 shapeOf(type) \
1176 { \
1177 return Shape1(1); \
1178 }
1179
1180 VIGRA_SHAPE_OF(unsigned char)
1181 VIGRA_SHAPE_OF(signed char)
1182 VIGRA_SHAPE_OF(unsigned short)
1183 VIGRA_SHAPE_OF(short)
1184 VIGRA_SHAPE_OF(unsigned int)
1185 VIGRA_SHAPE_OF(int)
1186 VIGRA_SHAPE_OF(unsigned long)
1187 VIGRA_SHAPE_OF(long)
1188 VIGRA_SHAPE_OF(unsigned long long)
1189 VIGRA_SHAPE_OF(long long)
1190 VIGRA_SHAPE_OF(float)
1191 VIGRA_SHAPE_OF(double)
1192 VIGRA_SHAPE_OF(long double)
1193
1194 #undef VIGRA_SHAPE_OF
1195
1196 // LabelDispatch is only used in AccumulatorChainArrays and has the following functionalities:
1197 // * hold an accumulator chain for global statistics
1198 // * hold an array of accumulator chains (one per region) for region statistics
1199 // * forward data to the appropriate chains
1200 // * allocate the region array with appropriate size
1201 // * store and forward activation requests
1202 // * compute required number of passes as maximum from global and region accumulators
1203 template <class T, class GlobalAccumulators, class RegionAccumulators>
1204 struct LabelDispatch
1205 {
1206 typedef LabelDispatchTag Tag;
1207 typedef GlobalAccumulators GlobalAccumulatorChain;
1208 typedef RegionAccumulators RegionAccumulatorChain;
1209 typedef typename LookupTag<AccumulatorEnd, RegionAccumulatorChain>::type::AccumulatorFlags ActiveFlagsType;
1210 typedef ArrayVector<RegionAccumulatorChain> RegionAccumulatorArray;
1211
1212 typedef LabelDispatch type;
1213 typedef LabelDispatch & reference;
1214 typedef LabelDispatch const & const_reference;
1215 typedef GlobalAccumulatorChain InternalBaseType;
1216
1217 typedef T const & argument_type;
1218 typedef argument_type first_argument_type;
1219 typedef double second_argument_type;
1220 typedef RegionAccumulatorChain & result_type;
1221
1222 static const int index = GlobalAccumulatorChain::index + 1;
1223
1224 template <class IndexDefinition, class TagFound=typename IndexDefinition::Tag>
1225 struct CoordIndexSelector
1226 {
1227 static const int value = 0; // default: CoupledHandle holds coordinates at index 0
1228 };
1229
1230 template <class IndexDefinition>
1231 struct CoordIndexSelector<IndexDefinition, CoordArgTag>
1232 {
1233 static const int value = IndexDefinition::value;
1234 };
1235
1236 static const int coordIndex = CoordIndexSelector<typename LookupTag<CoordArgTag, GlobalAccumulatorChain>::type>::value;
1237 static const int coordSize = CoupledHandleCast<coordIndex, T>::type::value_type::static_size;
1238 typedef TinyVector<double, coordSize> CoordinateType;
1239
1240 GlobalAccumulatorChain next_;
1241 RegionAccumulatorArray regions_;
1242 HistogramOptions region_histogram_options_;
1243 MultiArrayIndex ignore_label_;
1244 ActiveFlagsType active_region_accumulators_;
1245 CoordinateType coordinateOffset_;
1246
1247 template <class IndexDefinition, class TagFound=typename IndexDefinition::Tag>
1248 struct LabelIndexSelector
1249 {
1250 static const int value = 2; // default: CoupledHandle holds labels at index 2
1251
1252 template <class U, class NEXT>
1253 static MultiArrayIndex exec(CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> const & t)
1254 {
1255 return (MultiArrayIndex)get<value>(t);
1256 }
1257 };
1258
1259 template <class IndexDefinition>
1260 struct LabelIndexSelector<IndexDefinition, LabelArgTag>
1261 {
1262 static const int value = IndexDefinition::value;
1263
1264 template <class U, class NEXT>
1265 static MultiArrayIndex exec(CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> const & t)
1266 {
1267 return (MultiArrayIndex)get<value>(t);
1268 }
1269 };
1270
1271 template <class TAG>
1272 struct ActivateImpl
1273 {
1274 typedef typename LookupTag<TAG, type>::type TargetAccumulator;
1275
1276 static void activate(GlobalAccumulatorChain & globals, RegionAccumulatorArray & regions,
1277 ActiveFlagsType & flags)
1278 {
1279 TargetAccumulator::template activateImpl<LabelDispatch>(
1280 flags, getAccumulator<AccumulatorEnd>(globals).active_accumulators_);
1281 for(unsigned int k=0; k<regions.size(); ++k)
1282 getAccumulator<AccumulatorEnd>(regions[k]).active_accumulators_ = flags;
1283 }
1284
1285 static bool isActive(GlobalAccumulatorChain const &, ActiveFlagsType const & flags)
1286 {
1287 return TargetAccumulator::isActiveImpl(flags);
1288 }
1289 };
1290
1291 template <class TAG>
1292 struct ActivateImpl<Global<TAG> >
1293 {
1294 static void activate(GlobalAccumulatorChain & globals, RegionAccumulatorArray &, ActiveFlagsType &)
1295 {
1296 LookupTag<TAG, GlobalAccumulatorChain>::type::activateImpl(getAccumulator<AccumulatorEnd>(globals).active_accumulators_);
1297 }
1298
1299 static bool isActive(GlobalAccumulatorChain const & globals, ActiveFlagsType const &)
1300 {
1301 return LookupTag<TAG, GlobalAccumulatorChain>::type::isActiveImpl(getAccumulator<AccumulatorEnd>(globals).active_accumulators_);
1302 }
1303 };
1304
1305 template <int INDEX>
1306 struct ActivateImpl<LabelArg<INDEX> >
1307 {
1308 static void activate(GlobalAccumulatorChain &, RegionAccumulatorArray &, ActiveFlagsType &)
1309 {}
1310
1311 static bool isActive(GlobalAccumulatorChain const & globals, ActiveFlagsType const &)
1312 {
1313 return getAccumulator<LabelArg<INDEX> >(globals).isActive();
1314 }
1315 };
1316
1317 typedef typename LookupTag<LabelArgTag, GlobalAccumulatorChain>::type FindLabelIndex;
1318
1319 LabelDispatch()
1320 : next_(),
1321 regions_(),
1322 region_histogram_options_(),
1323 ignore_label_(-1),
1324 active_region_accumulators_()
1325 {}
1326
1327 LabelDispatch(LabelDispatch const & o)
1328 : next_(o.next_),
1329 regions_(o.regions_),
1330 region_histogram_options_(o.region_histogram_options_),
1331 ignore_label_(o.ignore_label_),
1332 active_region_accumulators_(o.active_region_accumulators_)
1333 {
1334 for(unsigned int k=0; k<regions_.size(); ++k)
1335 {
1336 getAccumulator<AccumulatorEnd>(regions_[k]).setGlobalAccumulator(&next_);
1337 }
1338 }
1339
1340 MultiArrayIndex maxRegionLabel() const
1341 {
1342 return (MultiArrayIndex)regions_.size() - 1;
1343 }
1344
1345 void setMaxRegionLabel(unsigned maxlabel)
1346 {
1347 if(maxRegionLabel() == (MultiArrayIndex)maxlabel)
1348 return;
1349 unsigned int oldSize = regions_.size();
1350 regions_.resize(maxlabel + 1);
1351 for(unsigned int k=oldSize; k<regions_.size(); ++k)
1352 {
1353 getAccumulator<AccumulatorEnd>(regions_[k]).setGlobalAccumulator(&next_);
1354 getAccumulator<AccumulatorEnd>(regions_[k]).active_accumulators_ = active_region_accumulators_;
1355 regions_[k].applyHistogramOptions(region_histogram_options_);
1356 regions_[k].setCoordinateOffsetImpl(coordinateOffset_);
1357 }
1358 }
1359
1360 void ignoreLabel(MultiArrayIndex l)
1361 {
1362 ignore_label_ = l;
1363 }
1364
1365 void applyHistogramOptions(HistogramOptions const & options)
1366 {
1367 applyHistogramOptions(options, options);
1368 }
1369
1370 void applyHistogramOptions(HistogramOptions const & regionoptions, HistogramOptions const & globaloptions)
1371 {
1372 region_histogram_options_ = regionoptions;
1373 for(unsigned int k=0; k<regions_.size(); ++k)
1374 {
1375 regions_[k].applyHistogramOptions(region_histogram_options_);
1376 }
1377 next_.applyHistogramOptions(globaloptions);
1378 }
1379
1380 void setCoordinateOffsetImpl(CoordinateType const & offset)
1381 {
1382 coordinateOffset_ = offset;
1383 for(unsigned int k=0; k<regions_.size(); ++k)
1384 {
1385 regions_[k].setCoordinateOffsetImpl(coordinateOffset_);
1386 }
1387 next_.setCoordinateOffsetImpl(coordinateOffset_);
1388 }
1389
1390 template <class U>
1391 void resize(U const & t)
1392 {
1393 if(regions_.size() == 0)
1394 {
1395 static const int labelIndex = LabelIndexSelector<FindLabelIndex>::value;
1396 typedef typename CoupledHandleCast<labelIndex, T>::type LabelHandle;
1397 typedef typename LabelHandle::value_type LabelType;
1398 typedef MultiArrayView<LabelHandle::dimensions, LabelType, StridedArrayTag> LabelArray;
1399 LabelArray labelArray(t.shape(), cast<labelIndex>(t).strides(), const_cast<LabelType *>(cast<labelIndex>(t).ptr()));
1400
1401 LabelType minimum, maximum;
1402 labelArray.minmax(&minimum, &maximum);
1403 setMaxRegionLabel(maximum);
1404 }
1405 next_.resize(t);
1406 // FIXME: only call resize when label k actually exists?
1407 for(unsigned int k=0; k<regions_.size(); ++k)
1408 regions_[k].resize(t);
1409 }
1410
1411 template <unsigned N>
1412 void pass(T const & t)
1413 {
1414 if(LabelIndexSelector<FindLabelIndex>::exec(t) != ignore_label_)
1415 {
1416 next_.template pass<N>(t);
1417 regions_[LabelIndexSelector<FindLabelIndex>::exec(t)].template pass<N>(t);
1418 }
1419 }
1420
1421 template <unsigned N>
1422 void pass(T const & t, double weight)
1423 {
1424 if(LabelIndexSelector<FindLabelIndex>::exec(t) != ignore_label_)
1425 {
1426 next_.template pass<N>(t, weight);
1427 regions_[LabelIndexSelector<FindLabelIndex>::exec(t)].template pass<N>(t, weight);
1428 }
1429 }
1430
1431 static unsigned int passesRequired()
1432 {
1433 return std::max(GlobalAccumulatorChain::passesRequired(), RegionAccumulatorChain::passesRequired());
1434 }
1435
1436 unsigned int passesRequiredDynamic() const
1437 {
1438 return std::max(GlobalAccumulatorChain::passesRequired(getAccumulator<AccumulatorEnd>(next_).active_accumulators_),
1439 RegionAccumulatorChain::passesRequired(active_region_accumulators_));
1440 }
1441
1442 void reset()
1443 {
1444 next_.reset();
1445
1446 active_region_accumulators_.clear();
1447 RegionAccumulatorArray().swap(regions_);
1448 // FIXME: or is it better to just reset the region accumulators?
1449 // for(unsigned int k=0; k<regions_.size(); ++k)
1450 // regions_[k].reset();
1451 }
1452
1453 template <class TAG>
1454 void activate()
1455 {
1456 ActivateImpl<TAG>::activate(next_, regions_, active_region_accumulators_);
1457 }
1458
1459 void activateAll()
1460 {
1461 getAccumulator<AccumulatorEnd>(next_).active_accumulators_.set();
1462 active_region_accumulators_.set();
1463 for(unsigned int k=0; k<regions_.size(); ++k)
1464 getAccumulator<AccumulatorEnd>(regions_[k]).active_accumulators_.set();
1465 }
1466
1467 template <class TAG>
1468 bool isActive() const
1469 {
1470 return ActivateImpl<TAG>::isActive(next_, active_region_accumulators_);
1471 }
1472
1473 void mergeImpl(LabelDispatch const & o)
1474 {
1475 for(unsigned int k=0; k<regions_.size(); ++k)
1476 regions_[k].mergeImpl(o.regions_[k]);
1477 next_.mergeImpl(o.next_);
1478 }
1479
1480 void mergeImpl(unsigned i, unsigned j)
1481 {
1482 regions_[i].mergeImpl(regions_[j]);
1483 regions_[j].reset();
1484 getAccumulator<AccumulatorEnd>(regions_[j]).active_accumulators_ = active_region_accumulators_;
1485 }
1486
1487 template <class ArrayLike>
1488 void mergeImpl(LabelDispatch const & o, ArrayLike const & labelMapping)
1489 {
1490 MultiArrayIndex newMaxLabel = std::max<MultiArrayIndex>(maxRegionLabel(), *argMax(labelMapping.begin(), labelMapping.end()));
1491 setMaxRegionLabel(newMaxLabel);
1492 for(unsigned int k=0; k<labelMapping.size(); ++k)
1493 regions_[labelMapping[k]].mergeImpl(o.regions_[k]);
1494 next_.mergeImpl(o.next_);
1495 }
1496 };
1497
1498 template <class TargetTag, class TagList>
1499 struct FindNextTag;
1500
1501 template <class TargetTag, class HEAD, class TAIL>
1502 struct FindNextTag<TargetTag, TypeList<HEAD, TAIL> >
1503 {
1504 typedef typename FindNextTag<TargetTag, TAIL>::type type;
1505 };
1506
1507 template <class TargetTag, class TAIL>
1508 struct FindNextTag<TargetTag, TypeList<TargetTag, TAIL> >
1509 {
1510 typedef typename TAIL::Head type;
1511 };
1512
1513 template <class TargetTag>
1514 struct FindNextTag<TargetTag, TypeList<TargetTag, void> >
1515 {
1516 typedef void type;
1517 };
1518
1519 template <class TargetTag>
1520 struct FindNextTag<TargetTag, void>
1521 {
1522 typedef void type;
1523 };
1524
1525 // AccumulatorFactory creates the decorator hierarchy for the given TAG and configuration CONFIG
1526 template <class TAG, class CONFIG, unsigned LEVEL=0>
1527 struct AccumulatorFactory
1528 {
1529 typedef typename FindNextTag<TAG, typename CONFIG::TagList>::type NextTag;
1530 typedef typename AccumulatorFactory<NextTag, CONFIG, LEVEL+1>::type NextType;
1531 typedef typename CONFIG::InputType InputType;
1532
1533 template <class T>
1534 struct ConfigureTag
1535 {
1536 typedef TAG type;
1537 };
1538
1539 // When InputType is a CoupledHandle, some tags need to be wrapped into
1540 // DataFromHandle<> and/or Weighted<> modifiers. The following code does
1541 // this when appropriate.
1542 template <class T, class NEXT>
1543 struct ConfigureTag<CoupledHandle<T, NEXT> >
1544 {
1545 typedef typename StandardizeTag<DataFromHandle<TAG> >::type WrappedTag;
1546 typedef typename IfBool<(!HasModifierPriority<WrappedTag, WeightingPriority>::value && ShouldBeWeighted<WrappedTag>::value),
1547 Weighted<WrappedTag>, WrappedTag>::type type;
1548 };
1549
1550 typedef typename ConfigureTag<InputType>::type UseTag;
1551
1552 // base class of the decorator hierarchy: default (possibly empty)
1553 // implementations of all members
1554 struct AccumulatorBase
1555 {
1556 typedef AccumulatorBase ThisType;
1557 typedef TAG Tag;
1558 typedef NextType InternalBaseType;
1559 typedef InputType input_type;
1560 typedef input_type const & argument_type;
1561 typedef argument_type first_argument_type;
1562 typedef double second_argument_type;
1563 typedef void result_type;
1564
1565 static const unsigned int workInPass = 1;
1566 static const int index = InternalBaseType::index + 1;
1567
1568 InternalBaseType next_;
1569
1570 static std::string name()
1571 {
1572 return TAG::name();
1573 }
1574
1575 template <class ActiveFlags>
1576 static void activateImpl(ActiveFlags & flags)
1577 {
1578 flags.template set<index>();
1579 typedef typename StandardizeDependencies<Tag>::type StdDeps;
1580 acc_detail::ActivateDependencies<StdDeps>::template exec<ThisType>(flags);
1581 }
1582
1583 template <class Accu, class ActiveFlags, class GlobalFlags>
1584 static void activateImpl(ActiveFlags & flags, GlobalFlags & gflags)
1585 {
1586 flags.template set<index>();
1587 typedef typename StandardizeDependencies<Tag>::type StdDeps;
1588 acc_detail::ActivateDependencies<StdDeps>::template exec<Accu>(flags, gflags);
1589 }
1590
1591 template <class ActiveFlags>
1592 static bool isActiveImpl(ActiveFlags & flags)
1593 {
1594 return flags.template test<index>();
1595 }
1596
1597 void setDirty() const
1598 {
1599 next_.template setDirtyImpl<index>();
1600 }
1601
1602 template <int INDEX>
1603 void setDirtyImpl() const
1604 {
1605 next_.template setDirtyImpl<INDEX>();
1606 }
1607
1608 void setClean() const
1609 {
1610 next_.template setCleanImpl<index>();
1611 }
1612
1613 template <int INDEX>
1614 void setCleanImpl() const
1615 {
1616 next_.template setCleanImpl<INDEX>();
1617 }
1618
1619 bool isDirty() const
1620 {
1621 return next_.template isDirtyImpl<index>();
1622 }
1623
1624 template <int INDEX>
1625 bool isDirtyImpl() const
1626 {
1627 return next_.template isDirtyImpl<INDEX>();
1628 }
1629
1630 void reset()
1631 {}
1632
1633 template <class Shape>
1634 void setCoordinateOffset(Shape const &)
1635 {}
1636
1637 template <class Shape>
1638 void reshape(Shape const &)
1639 {}
1640
1641 void operator+=(AccumulatorBase const &)
1642 {}
1643
1644 template <class U>
1645 void update(U const &)
1646 {}
1647
1648 template <class U>
1649 void update(U const &, double)
1650 {}
1651
1652 template <class TargetTag>
1653 typename LookupDependency<TargetTag, ThisType>::result_type
1654 call_getDependency() const
1655 {
1656 return getDependency<TargetTag>(*this);
1657 }
1658 };
1659
1660 // The middle class(es) of the decorator hierarchy implement the actual feature computation.
1661 typedef typename UseTag::template Impl<InputType, AccumulatorBase> AccumulatorImpl;
1662
1663 // outer class of the decorator hierarchy. It has the following functionalities
1664 // * ensure that only active accumulators are called in a dynamic accumulator chain
1665 // * ensure that each accumulator is only called in its desired pass as defined in A::workInPass
1666 // * determine how many passes through the data are required
1667 struct Accumulator
1668 : public AccumulatorImpl
1669 {
1670 typedef Accumulator type;
1671 typedef Accumulator & reference;
1672 typedef Accumulator const & const_reference;
1673 typedef AccumulatorImpl A;
1674
1675 static const unsigned int workInPass = A::workInPass;
1676 static const bool allowRuntimeActivation = CONFIG::allowRuntimeActivation;
1677
1678 template <class T>
1679 void resize(T const & t)
1680 {
1681 this->next_.resize(t);
1682 DecoratorImpl<Accumulator, workInPass, allowRuntimeActivation>::resize(*this, t);
1683 }
1684
1685 void reset()
1686 {
1687 this->next_.reset();
1688 A::reset();
1689 }
1690
1691 typename A::result_type get() const
1692 {
1693 return DecoratorImpl<A, workInPass, allowRuntimeActivation>::get(*this);
1694 }
1695
1696 template <unsigned N, class T>
1697 void pass(T const & t)
1698 {
1699 this->next_.template pass<N>(t);
1700 DecoratorImpl<Accumulator, N, allowRuntimeActivation>::exec(*this, t);
1701 }
1702
1703 template <unsigned N, class T>
1704 void pass(T const & t, double weight)
1705 {
1706 this->next_.template pass<N>(t, weight);
1707 DecoratorImpl<Accumulator, N, allowRuntimeActivation>::exec(*this, t, weight);
1708 }
1709
1710 void mergeImpl(Accumulator const & o)
1711 {
1712 DecoratorImpl<Accumulator, Accumulator::workInPass, allowRuntimeActivation>::mergeImpl(*this, o);
1713 this->next_.mergeImpl(o.next_);
1714 }
1715
1716 void applyHistogramOptions(HistogramOptions const & options)
1717 {
1718 DecoratorImpl<Accumulator, workInPass, allowRuntimeActivation>::applyHistogramOptions(*this, options);
1719 this->next_.applyHistogramOptions(options);
1720 }
1721
1722 template <class SHAPE>
1723 void setCoordinateOffsetImpl(SHAPE const & offset)
1724 {
1725 this->setCoordinateOffset(offset);
1726 this->next_.setCoordinateOffsetImpl(offset);
1727 }
1728
1729 static unsigned int passesRequired()
1730 {
1731 return DecoratorImpl<Accumulator, workInPass, allowRuntimeActivation>::passesRequired();
1732 }
1733
1734 template <class ActiveFlags>
1735 static unsigned int passesRequired(ActiveFlags const & flags)
1736 {
1737 return DecoratorImpl<Accumulator, workInPass, allowRuntimeActivation>::passesRequired(flags);
1738 }
1739 };
1740
1741 typedef Accumulator type;
1742 };
1743
1744 template <class CONFIG, unsigned LEVEL>
1745 struct AccumulatorFactory<void, CONFIG, LEVEL>
1746 {
1747 typedef AccumulatorEndImpl<LEVEL, typename CONFIG::GlobalAccumulatorHandle> type;
1748 };
1749
1750 struct InvalidGlobalAccumulatorHandle
1751 {
1752 typedef Error__Global_statistics_are_only_defined_for_AccumulatorChainArray type;
1753
1754 InvalidGlobalAccumulatorHandle()
1755 : pointer_(0)
1756 {}
1757
1758 type const * pointer_;
1759 };
1760
1761 // helper classes to create an accumulator chain from a TypeList
1762 // if dynamic=true, a dynamic accumulator will be created
1763 // if dynamic=false, a plain accumulator will be created
1764 template <class T, class Selected, bool dynamic=false, class GlobalHandle=InvalidGlobalAccumulatorHandle>
1765 struct ConfigureAccumulatorChain
1766 #ifndef DOXYGEN
1767 : public ConfigureAccumulatorChain<T, typename AddDependencies<typename Selected::type>::type, dynamic>
1768 #endif
1769 {};
1770
1771 template <class T, class HEAD, class TAIL, bool dynamic, class GlobalHandle>
1772 struct ConfigureAccumulatorChain<T, TypeList<HEAD, TAIL>, dynamic, GlobalHandle>
1773 {
1774 typedef TypeList<HEAD, TAIL> TagList;
1775 typedef T InputType;
1776 static const bool allowRuntimeActivation = dynamic;
1777 typedef GlobalHandle GlobalAccumulatorHandle;
1778
1779 typedef typename AccumulatorFactory<HEAD, ConfigureAccumulatorChain>::type type;
1780 };
1781
1782 template <class T, class Selected, bool dynamic=false>
1783 struct ConfigureAccumulatorChainArray
1784 #ifndef DOXYGEN
1785 : public ConfigureAccumulatorChainArray<T, typename AddDependencies<typename Selected::type>::type, dynamic>
1786 #endif
1787 {};
1788
1789 template <class T, class HEAD, class TAIL, bool dynamic>
1790 struct ConfigureAccumulatorChainArray<T, TypeList<HEAD, TAIL>, dynamic>
1791 {
1792 typedef TypeList<HEAD, TAIL> TagList;
1793 typedef SeparateGlobalAndRegionTags<TagList> TagSeparator;
1794 typedef typename TagSeparator::GlobalTags GlobalTags;
1795 typedef typename TagSeparator::RegionTags RegionTags;
1796 typedef typename ConfigureAccumulatorChain<T, GlobalTags, dynamic>::type GlobalAccumulatorChain;
1797
1798 struct GlobalAccumulatorHandle
1799 {
1800 typedef GlobalAccumulatorChain type;
1801
1802 GlobalAccumulatorHandle()
1803 : pointer_(0)
1804 {}
1805
1806 type const * pointer_;
1807 };
1808
1809 typedef typename ConfigureAccumulatorChain<T, RegionTags, dynamic, GlobalAccumulatorHandle>::type RegionAccumulatorChain;
1810
1811 typedef LabelDispatch<T, GlobalAccumulatorChain, RegionAccumulatorChain> type;
1812 };
1813
1814 } // namespace acc_detail
1815
1816 /****************************************************************************/
1817 /* */
1818 /* accumulator chain */
1819 /* */
1820 /****************************************************************************/
1821
1822 // Implement the high-level interface of an accumulator chain
1823 template <class T, class NEXT>
1824 class AccumulatorChainImpl
1825 {
1826 public:
1827 typedef NEXT InternalBaseType;
1828 typedef AccumulatorBegin Tag;
1829 typedef typename InternalBaseType::argument_type argument_type;
1830 typedef typename InternalBaseType::first_argument_type first_argument_type;
1831 typedef typename InternalBaseType::second_argument_type second_argument_type;
1832 typedef void value_type;
1833 typedef typename InternalBaseType::result_type result_type;
1834
1835 static const int staticSize = InternalBaseType::index;
1836
1837 InternalBaseType next_;
1838
1839 /** \brief Current pass of the accumulator chain.
1840 */
1841 unsigned int current_pass_;
1842
1843 AccumulatorChainImpl()
1844 : current_pass_(0)
1845 {}
1846
1847 /** Set options for all histograms in the accumulator chain. See histogram accumulators for possible options. The function is ignored if there is no histogram in the accumulator chain.
1848 */
1849 void setHistogramOptions(HistogramOptions const & options)
1850 {
1851 next_.applyHistogramOptions(options);
1852 }
1853
1854
1855 /** Set regional and global options for all histograms in the accumulator chain.
1856 */
1857 void setHistogramOptions(HistogramOptions const & regionoptions, HistogramOptions const & globaloptions)
1858 {
1859 next_.applyHistogramOptions(regionoptions, globaloptions);
1860 }
1861
1862 /** Set an offset for <tt>Coord<...></tt> statistics.
1863
1864 If the offset is non-zero, coordinate statistics such as <tt>RegionCenter</tt> are computed
1865 in the global coordinate system defined by the \a offset. Without an offset, these statistics
1866 are computed in the local coordinate system of the current region of interest.
1867 */
1868 template <class SHAPE>
1869 void setCoordinateOffset(SHAPE const & offset)
1870 {
1871 next_.setCoordinateOffsetImpl(offset);
1872 }
1873
1874 /** Reset current_pass_ of the accumulator chain to 'reset_to_pass'.
1875 */
1876 void reset(unsigned int reset_to_pass = 0)
1877 {
1878 current_pass_ = reset_to_pass;
1879 if(reset_to_pass == 0)
1880 next_.reset();
1881 }
1882
1883 template <unsigned N>
1884 void update(T const & t)
1885 {
1886 if(current_pass_ == N)
1887 {
1888 next_.template pass<N>(t);
1889 }
1890 else if(current_pass_ < N)
1891 {
1892 current_pass_ = N;
1893 if(N == 1)
1894 next_.resize(acc_detail::shapeOf(t));
1895 next_.template pass<N>(t);
1896 }
1897 else
1898 {
1899 std::string message("AccumulatorChain::update(): cannot return to pass ");
1900 message << N << " after working on pass " << current_pass_ << ".";
1901 vigra_precondition(false, message);
1902 }
1903 }
1904
1905 template <unsigned N>
1906 void update(T const & t, double weight)
1907 {
1908 if(current_pass_ == N)
1909 {
1910 next_.template pass<N>(t, weight);
1911 }
1912 else if(current_pass_ < N)
1913 {
1914 current_pass_ = N;
1915 if(N == 1)
1916 next_.resize(acc_detail::shapeOf(t));
1917 next_.template pass<N>(t, weight);
1918 }
1919 else
1920 {
1921 std::string message("AccumulatorChain::update(): cannot return to pass ");
1922 message << N << " after working on pass " << current_pass_ << ".";
1923 vigra_precondition(false, message);
1924 }
1925 }
1926
1927 /** Equivalent to merge(o) .
1928 */
1929 void operator+=(AccumulatorChainImpl const & o)
1930 {
1931 merge(o);
1932 }
1933
1934 /** Merge the accumulator chain with accumulator chain 'o'. This only works if all selected statistics in the accumulator chain support the '+=' operator. See the documentations of the particular statistics for support information.
1935 */
1936 void merge(AccumulatorChainImpl const & o)
1937 {
1938 next_.mergeImpl(o.next_);
1939 }
1940
1941 result_type operator()() const
1942 {
1943 return next_.get();
1944 }
1945
1946 void operator()(T const & t)
1947 {
1948 update<1>(t);
1949 }
1950
1951 void operator()(T const & t, double weight)
1952 {
1953 update<1>(t, weight);
1954 }
1955
1956 void updatePass2(T const & t)
1957 {
1958 update<2>(t);
1959 }
1960
1961 void updatePass2(T const & t, double weight)
1962 {
1963 update<2>(t, weight);
1964 }
1965
1966 /** Upate all accumulators in the accumulator chain that work in pass N with data t. Requirement: 0 < N < 6 and N >= current_pass_ . If N < current_pass_ call reset() first.
1967 */
1968 void updatePassN(T const & t, unsigned int N)
1969 {
1970 switch (N)
1971 {
1972 case 1: update<1>(t); break;
1973 case 2: update<2>(t); break;
1974 case 3: update<3>(t); break;
1975 case 4: update<4>(t); break;
1976 case 5: update<5>(t); break;
1977 default:
1978 vigra_precondition(false,
1979 "AccumulatorChain::updatePassN(): 0 < N < 6 required.");
1980 }
1981 }
1982
1983 /** Upate all accumulators in the accumulator chain that work in pass N with data t and weight. Requirement: 0 < N < 6 and N >= current_pass_ . If N < current_pass_ call reset() first.
1984 */
1985 void updatePassN(T const & t, double weight, unsigned int N)
1986 {
1987 switch (N)
1988 {
1989 case 1: update<1>(t, weight); break;
1990 case 2: update<2>(t, weight); break;
1991 case 3: update<3>(t, weight); break;
1992 case 4: update<4>(t, weight); break;
1993 case 5: update<5>(t, weight); break;
1994 default:
1995 vigra_precondition(false,
1996 "AccumulatorChain::updatePassN(): 0 < N < 6 required.");
1997 }
1998 }
1999
2000 /** Return the number of passes required to compute all statistics in the accumulator chain.
2001 */
2002 unsigned int passesRequired() const
2003 {
2004 return InternalBaseType::passesRequired();
2005 }
2006 };
2007
2008
2009
2010 // Create an accumulator chain containing the Selected statistics and their dependencies.
2011
2012 /** \brief Create an accumulator chain containing the selected statistics and their dependencies.
2013
2014 AccumulatorChain is used to compute global statistics which have to be selected at compile time.
2015
2016 The template parameters are as follows:
2017 - T: The input type
2018 - either element type of the data(e.g. double, int, RGBValue, ...)
2019 - or type of CoupledHandle (for simultaneous access to coordinates and/or weights)
2020 - Selected: statistics to be computed and index specifier for the CoupledHandle, wrapped with Select
2021
2022 Usage:
2023 \code
2024 typedef double DataType;
2025 AccumulatorChain<DataType, Select<Variance, Mean, Minimum, ...> > accumulator;
2026 \endcode
2027
2028 Usage, using CoupledHandle:
2029 \code
2030 const int dim = 3; //dimension of MultiArray
2031 typedef double DataType;
2032 typedef double WeightType;
2033 typedef vigra::CoupledIteratorType<dim, DataType, WeightType>::HandleType Handle;
2034 AccumulatorChain<Handle, Select<DataArg<1>, WeightArg<2>, Mean,...> > a;
2035 \endcode
2036
2037 See \ref FeatureAccumulators for more information and examples of use.
2038 */
2039 template <class T, class Selected, bool dynamic=false>
2040 class AccumulatorChain
2041 #ifndef DOXYGEN // hide AccumulatorChainImpl from documentation
2042 : public AccumulatorChainImpl<T, typename acc_detail::ConfigureAccumulatorChain<T, Selected, dynamic>::type>
2043 #endif
2044 {
2045 public:
2046 // \brief TypeList of Tags in the accumulator chain (?).
2047 typedef typename acc_detail::ConfigureAccumulatorChain<T, Selected, dynamic>::TagList AccumulatorTags;
2048
2049 /** Before having seen data (current_pass_==0), the shape of the data can be changed... (?)
2050 */
2051 template <class U, int N>
2052 void reshape(TinyVector<U, N> const & s)
2053 {
2054 vigra_precondition(this->current_pass_ == 0,
2055 "AccumulatorChain::reshape(): cannot reshape after seeing data. Call AccumulatorChain::reset() first.");
2056 this->next_.resize(s);
2057 this->current_pass_ = 1;
2058 }
2059
2060 /** Return the names of all tags in the accumulator chain (selected statistics and their dependencies).
2061 */
2062 static ArrayVector<std::string> const & tagNames()
2063 {
2064 static ArrayVector<std::string> * n = VIGRA_SAFE_STATIC(n, new ArrayVector<std::string>(collectTagNames()));
2065 return *n;
2066 }
2067
2068
2069 #ifdef DOXYGEN // hide AccumulatorChainImpl from documentation
2070
2071 /** Set options for all histograms in the accumulator chain. See histogram accumulators for possible options. The function is ignored if there is no histogram in the accumulator chain.
2072 */
2073 void setHistogramOptions(HistogramOptions const & options);
2074
2075 /** Set an offset for <tt>Coord<...></tt> statistics.
2076
2077 If the offset is non-zero, coordinate statistics such as <tt>RegionCenter</tt> are computed
2078 in the global coordinate system defined by the \a offset. Without an offset, these statistics
2079 are computed in the local coordinate system of the current region of interest.
2080 */
2081 template <class SHAPE>
2082 void setCoordinateOffset(SHAPE const & offset);
2083
2084 /** Reset current_pass_ of the accumulator chain to 'reset_to_pass'. */
2085 void reset(unsigned int reset_to_pass = 0);
2086
2087 /** Equivalent to merge(o) . */
2088 void operator+=(AccumulatorChainImpl const & o);
2089
2090 /** Merge the accumulator chain with accumulator chain 'o'. This only works if all selected statistics in the accumulator chain support the '+=' operator. See the documentations of the particular statistics for support information.
2091 */
2092 void merge(AccumulatorChainImpl const & o);
2093
2094 /** Upate all accumulators in the accumulator chain that work in pass N with data t. Requirement: 0 < N < 6 and N >= current_pass_ . If N < current_pass_ call reset first.
2095 */
2096 void updatePassN(T const & t, unsigned int N);
2097
2098 /** Upate all accumulators in the accumulator chain that work in pass N with data t and weight. Requirement: 0 < N < 6 and N >= current_pass_ . If N < current_pass_ call reset first.
2099 */
2100 void updatePassN(T const & t, double weight, unsigned int N);
2101
2102 /** Return the number of passes required to compute all statistics in the accumulator chain.
2103 */
2104 unsigned int passesRequired() const;
2105
2106 #endif
2107
2108 private:
2109 static ArrayVector<std::string> collectTagNames()
2110 {
2111 ArrayVector<std::string> n;
2112 acc_detail::CollectAccumulatorNames<AccumulatorTags>::exec(n);
2113 std::sort(n.begin(), n.end());
2114 return n;
2115 }
2116 };
2117
2118 template <unsigned int N, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class Selected, bool dynamic>
2119 class AccumulatorChain<CoupledArrays<N, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>, Selected, dynamic>
2120 : public AccumulatorChain<typename CoupledArrays<N, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>::HandleType, Selected, dynamic>
2121 {};
2122
2123
2124 // Create a dynamic accumulator chain containing the Selected statistics and their dependencies.
2125 // Statistics will only be computed if activate<Tag>() is called at runtime.
2126 /** \brief Create a dynamic accumulator chain containing the selected statistics and their dependencies.
2127
2128 DynamicAccumulatorChain is used to compute global statistics with run-time activation. A set of statistics is selected at run-time and from this set statistics can be activated at run-time by calling activate<stat>() or activate(std::string stat).
2129
2130 The template parameters are as follows:
2131 - T: The input type
2132 - either element type of the data(e.g. double, int, RGBValue, ...)
2133 - or type of CoupledHandle (for access to coordinates and/or weights)
2134 - Selected: statistics to be computed and index specifier for the CoupledHandle, wrapped with Select
2135
2136 Usage:
2137 \code
2138 typedef double DataType;
2139 DynamicAccumulatorChain<DataType, Select<Variance, Mean, Minimum, ...> > accumulator;
2140 \endcode
2141
2142 Usage, using CoupledHandle:
2143 \code
2144 const int dim = 3; //dimension of MultiArray
2145 typedef double DataType;
2146 typedef double WeightType;
2147 typedef vigra::CoupledIteratorType<dim, DataType, WeightType>::HandleType Handle;
2148 DynamicAccumulatorChain<Handle, Select<DataArg<1>, WeightArg<2>, Mean,...> > a;
2149 \endcode
2150
2151 See \ref FeatureAccumulators for more information and examples of use.
2152 */
2153 template <class T, class Selected>
2154 class DynamicAccumulatorChain
2155 : public AccumulatorChain<T, Selected, true>
2156 {
2157 public:
2158 typedef typename AccumulatorChain<T, Selected, true>::InternalBaseType InternalBaseType;
2159 typedef typename DynamicAccumulatorChain::AccumulatorTags AccumulatorTags;
2160
2161 /** Activate statistic 'tag'. Alias names are not recognized. If the statistic is not in the accumulator chain a PreconditionViolation is thrown.
2162 */
2163 void activate(std::string tag)
2164 {
2165 vigra_precondition(activateImpl(tag),
2166 std::string("DynamicAccumulatorChain::activate(): Tag '") + tag + "' not found.");
2167 }
2168
2169 /** %activate<TAG>() activates statistic 'TAG'. If the statistic is not in the accumulator chain it is ignored. (?)
2170 */
2171 template <class TAG>
2172 void activate()
2173 {
2174 LookupTag<TAG, DynamicAccumulatorChain>::type::activateImpl(getAccumulator<AccumulatorEnd>(*this).active_accumulators_);
2175 }
2176
2177 /** Activate all statistics in the accumulator chain.
2178 */
2179 void activateAll()
2180 {
2181 getAccumulator<AccumulatorEnd>(*this).active_accumulators_.set();
2182 }
2183 /** Return true if the statistic 'tag' is active, i.e. activate(std::string tag) or activate<TAG>() has been called. If the statistic is not in the accumulator chain a PreconditionViolation is thrown. (Note that alias names are not recognized.)
2184 */
2185 bool isActive(std::string tag) const
2186 {
2187 acc_detail::TagIsActive_Visitor v;
2188 vigra_precondition(isActiveImpl(tag, v),
2189 std::string("DynamicAccumulatorChain::isActive(): Tag '") + tag + "' not found.");
2190 return v.result;
2191 }
2192
2193 /** %isActive<TAG>() returns true if statistic 'TAG' is active, i.e. activate(std::string tag) or activate<TAG>() has been called. If the statistic is not in the accumulator chain, true is returned. (?)
2194 */
2195 template <class TAG>
2196 bool isActive() const
2197 {
2198 return LookupTag<TAG, DynamicAccumulatorChain>::type::isActiveImpl(getAccumulator<AccumulatorEnd>(*this).active_accumulators_);
2199 }
2200
2201 /** Return names of all statistics in the accumulator chain that are active.
2202 */
2203 ArrayVector<std::string> activeNames() const
2204 {
2205 ArrayVector<std::string> res;
2206 for(unsigned k=0; k<DynamicAccumulatorChain::tagNames().size(); ++k)
2207 if(isActive(DynamicAccumulatorChain::tagNames()[k]))
2208 res.push_back(DynamicAccumulatorChain::tagNames()[k]);
2209 return res;
2210 }
2211
2212 /** Return number of passes required to compute the active statistics in the accumulator chain.
2213 */
2214 unsigned int passesRequired() const
2215 {
2216 return InternalBaseType::passesRequired(getAccumulator<AccumulatorEnd>(*this).active_accumulators_);
2217 }
2218
2219 protected:
2220
2221 bool activateImpl(std::string tag)
2222 {
2223 return acc_detail::ApplyVisitorToTag<AccumulatorTags>::exec(*this,
2224 normalizeString(tag), acc_detail::ActivateTag_Visitor());
2225 }
2226
2227 bool isActiveImpl(std::string tag, acc_detail::TagIsActive_Visitor & v) const
2228 {
2229 return acc_detail::ApplyVisitorToTag<AccumulatorTags>::exec(*this, normalizeString(tag), v);
2230 }
2231 };
2232
2233 template <unsigned int N, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class Selected>
2234 class DynamicAccumulatorChain<CoupledArrays<N, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>, Selected>
2235 : public DynamicAccumulatorChain<typename CoupledArrays<N, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>::HandleType, Selected>
2236 {};
2237
2238
2239
2240 /** \brief Create an array of accumulator chains containing the selected per-region and global statistics and their dependencies.
2241
2242 AccumulatorChainArray is used to compute per-region statistics (as well as global statistics). The statistics are selected at compile-time. An array of accumulator chains (one per region) for region statistics is created and one accumulator chain for global statistics. The region labels always start at 0. Use the Global modifier to compute global statistics (by default per-region statistics are computed).
2243
2244 The template parameters are as follows:
2245 - T: The input type, type of CoupledHandle (for access to coordinates, labels and weights)
2246 - Selected: statistics to be computed and index specifier for the CoupledHandle, wrapped with Select
2247
2248 Usage:
2249 \code
2250 const int dim = 3; //dimension of MultiArray
2251 typedef double DataType;
2252 typedef double WeightType;
2253 typedef unsigned int LabelType;
2254 typedef vigra::CoupledIteratorType<dim, DataType, WeightType, LabelType>::HandleType Handle;
2255 AccumulatorChainArray<Handle, Select<DataArg<1>, WeightArg<2>, LabelArg<3>, Mean, Variance, ...> > a;
2256 \endcode
2257
2258 See \ref FeatureAccumulators for more information and examples of use.
2259 */
2260 template <class T, class Selected, bool dynamic=false>
2261 class AccumulatorChainArray
2262 #ifndef DOXYGEN //hide AccumulatorChainImpl vom documentation
2263 : public AccumulatorChainImpl<T, typename acc_detail::ConfigureAccumulatorChainArray<T, Selected, dynamic>::type>
2264 #endif
2265 {
2266 public:
2267 typedef typename acc_detail::ConfigureAccumulatorChainArray<T, Selected, dynamic> Creator;
2268 typedef typename Creator::TagList AccumulatorTags;
2269 typedef typename Creator::GlobalTags GlobalTags;
2270 typedef typename Creator::RegionTags RegionTags;
2271
2272 /** Statistics will not be computed for label l. Note that only one label can be ignored.
2273 */
2274 void ignoreLabel(MultiArrayIndex l)
2275 {
2276 this->next_.ignoreLabel(l);
2277 }
2278
2279 /** Set the maximum region label (e.g. for merging two accumulator chains).
2280 */
2281 void setMaxRegionLabel(unsigned label)
2282 {
2283 this->next_.setMaxRegionLabel(label);
2284 }
2285
2286 /** %Maximum region label. (equal to regionCount() - 1)
2287 */
2288 MultiArrayIndex maxRegionLabel() const
2289 {
2290 return this->next_.maxRegionLabel();
2291 }
2292
2293 /** Number of Regions. (equal to maxRegionLabel() + 1)
2294 */
2295 unsigned int regionCount() const
2296 {
2297 return this->next_.regions_.size();
2298 }
2299
2300 /** Equivalent to <tt>merge(o)</tt>.
2301 */
2302 void operator+=(AccumulatorChainArray const & o)
2303 {
2304 merge(o);
2305 }
2306
2307 /** Merge region i with region j.
2308 */
2309 void merge(unsigned i, unsigned j)
2310 {
2311 vigra_precondition(i <= maxRegionLabel() && j <= maxRegionLabel(),
2312 "AccumulatorChainArray::merge(): region labels out of range.");
2313 this->next_.mergeImpl(i, j);
2314 }
2315
2316 /** Merge with accumulator chain o. maxRegionLabel() of the two accumulators must be equal.
2317 */
2318 void merge(AccumulatorChainArray const & o)
2319 {
2320 if(maxRegionLabel() == -1)
2321 setMaxRegionLabel(o.maxRegionLabel());
2322 vigra_precondition(maxRegionLabel() == o.maxRegionLabel(),
2323 "AccumulatorChainArray::merge(): maxRegionLabel must be equal.");
2324 this->next_.mergeImpl(o.next_);
2325 }
2326
2327 /** Merge with accumulator chain o using a mapping between labels of the two accumulators. Label l of accumulator chain o is mapped to labelMapping[l]. Hence, all elements of labelMapping must be <= maxRegionLabel() and size of labelMapping must match o.regionCount().
2328 */
2329 template <class ArrayLike>
2330 void merge(AccumulatorChainArray const & o, ArrayLike const & labelMapping)
2331 {
2332 vigra_precondition(labelMapping.size() == o.regionCount(),
2333 "AccumulatorChainArray::merge(): labelMapping.size() must match regionCount() of RHS.");
2334 this->next_.mergeImpl(o.next_, labelMapping);
2335 }
2336
2337 /** Return names of all tags in the accumulator chain (selected statistics and their dependencies).
2338 */
2339 static ArrayVector<std::string> const & tagNames()
2340 {
2341 static const ArrayVector<std::string> n = collectTagNames();
2342 return n;
2343 }
2344
2345
2346 #ifdef DOXYGEN // hide AccumulatorChainImpl from documentation
2347
2348 /** \copydoc vigra::acc::AccumulatorChain::setHistogramOptions(HistogramOptions const &) */
2349 void setHistogramOptions(HistogramOptions const & options);
2350
2351 /** Set regional and global options for all histograms in the accumulator chain.
2352 */
2353 void setHistogramOptions(HistogramOptions const & regionoptions, HistogramOptions const & globaloptions);
2354
2355 /** \copydoc vigra::acc::AccumulatorChain::setCoordinateOffset(SHAPE const &)
2356 */
2357 template <class SHAPE>
2358 void setCoordinateOffset(SHAPE const & offset)
2359
2360 /** \copydoc vigra::acc::AccumulatorChain::reset() */
2361 void reset(unsigned int reset_to_pass = 0);
2362
2363 /** \copydoc vigra::acc::AccumulatorChain::operator+=() */
2364 void operator+=(AccumulatorChainImpl const & o);
2365
2366 /** \copydoc vigra::acc::AccumulatorChain::updatePassN(T const &,unsigned int) */
2367 void updatePassN(T const & t, unsigned int N);
2368
2369 /** \copydoc vigra::acc::AccumulatorChain::updatePassN(T const &,double,unsigned int) */
2370 void updatePassN(T const & t, double weight, unsigned int N);
2371
2372 #endif
2373
2374 private:
2375 static ArrayVector<std::string> collectTagNames()
2376 {
2377 ArrayVector<std::string> n;
2378 acc_detail::CollectAccumulatorNames<AccumulatorTags>::exec(n);
2379 std::sort(n.begin(), n.end());
2380 return n;
2381 }
2382 };
2383
2384 template <unsigned int N, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class Selected, bool dynamic>
2385 class AccumulatorChainArray<CoupledArrays<N, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>, Selected, dynamic>
2386 : public AccumulatorChainArray<typename CoupledArrays<N, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>::HandleType, Selected, dynamic>
2387 {};
2388
2389 /** \brief Create an array of dynamic accumulator chains containing the selected per-region and global statistics and their dependencies.
2390
2391
2392 DynamicAccumulatorChainArray is used to compute per-region statistics (as well as global statistics) with run-time activation. A set of statistics is selected at run-time and from this set statistics can be activated at run-time by calling activate<stat>() or activate(std::string stat).
2393
2394 The template parameters are as follows:
2395 - T: The input type, type of CoupledHandle (for access to coordinates, labels and weights)
2396 - Selected: statistics to be computed and index specifier for the CoupledHandle, wrapped with Select
2397
2398 Usage:
2399 \code
2400 const int dim = 3; //dimension of MultiArray
2401 typedef double DataType;
2402 typedef double WeightType;
2403 typedef unsigned int LabelType;
2404 typedef vigra::CoupledIteratorType<dim, DataType, WeightType, LabelType>::HandleType Handle;
2405 DynamicAccumulatorChainArray<Handle, Select<DataArg<1>, WeightArg<2>, LabelArg<3>, Mean, Variance, ...> > a;
2406 \endcode
2407
2408 See \ref FeatureAccumulators for more information and examples of use.
2409 */
2410 template <class T, class Selected>
2411 class DynamicAccumulatorChainArray
2412 : public AccumulatorChainArray<T, Selected, true>
2413 {
2414 public:
2415 typedef typename DynamicAccumulatorChainArray::AccumulatorTags AccumulatorTags;
2416
2417 /** \copydoc DynamicAccumulatorChain::activate(std::string tag) */
2418 void activate(std::string tag)
2419 {
2420 vigra_precondition(activateImpl(tag),
2421 std::string("DynamicAccumulatorChainArray::activate(): Tag '") + tag + "' not found.");
2422 }
2423
2424 /** \copydoc DynamicAccumulatorChain::activate() */
2425 template <class TAG>
2426 void activate()
2427 {
2428 this->next_.template activate<TAG>();
2429 }
2430
2431 /** \copydoc DynamicAccumulatorChain::activateAll() */
2432 void activateAll()
2433 {
2434 this->next_.activateAll();
2435 }
2436
2437 /** Return true if the statistic 'tag' is active, i.e. activate(std::string tag) or activate<TAG>() has been called. If the statistic is not in the accumulator chain a PreconditionViolation is thrown. (Note that alias names are not recognized.)
2438 */
2439 bool isActive(std::string tag) const
2440 {
2441 acc_detail::TagIsActive_Visitor v;
2442 vigra_precondition(isActiveImpl(tag, v),
2443 std::string("DynamicAccumulatorChainArray::isActive(): Tag '") + tag + "' not found.");
2444 return v.result;
2445 }
2446
2447 /** %isActive<TAG>() returns true if statistic 'TAG' is active, i.e. activate(std::string tag) or activate<TAG>() has been called. If the statistic is not in the accumulator chain, true is returned. (?)
2448 */
2449 template <class TAG>
2450 bool isActive() const
2451 {
2452 return this->next_.template isActive<TAG>();
2453 }
2454
2455 /** \copydoc DynamicAccumulatorChain::activeNames() */
2456 ArrayVector<std::string> activeNames() const
2457 {
2458 ArrayVector<std::string> res;
2459 for(unsigned k=0; k<DynamicAccumulatorChainArray::tagNames().size(); ++k)
2460 if(isActive(DynamicAccumulatorChainArray::tagNames()[k]))
2461 res.push_back(DynamicAccumulatorChainArray::tagNames()[k]);
2462 return res;
2463 }
2464
2465 /** \copydoc DynamicAccumulatorChain::passesRequired() */
2466 unsigned int passesRequired() const
2467 {
2468 return this->next_.passesRequiredDynamic();
2469 }
2470
2471 protected:
2472
2473 bool activateImpl(std::string tag)
2474 {
2475 return acc_detail::ApplyVisitorToTag<AccumulatorTags>::exec(this->next_,
2476 normalizeString(tag), acc_detail::ActivateTag_Visitor());
2477 }
2478
2479 bool isActiveImpl(std::string tag, acc_detail::TagIsActive_Visitor & v) const
2480 {
2481 return acc_detail::ApplyVisitorToTag<AccumulatorTags>::exec(this->next_, normalizeString(tag), v);
2482 }
2483 };
2484
2485 template <unsigned int N, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class Selected>
2486 class DynamicAccumulatorChainArray<CoupledArrays<N, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>, Selected>
2487 : public DynamicAccumulatorChainArray<typename CoupledArrays<N, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>::HandleType, Selected>
2488 {};
2489
2490 /****************************************************************************/
2491 /* */
2492 /* generic access functions */
2493 /* */
2494 /****************************************************************************/
2495
2496 template <class TAG>
2497 struct Error__Attempt_to_access_inactive_statistic;
2498
2499 namespace acc_detail {
2500
2501 // accumulator lookup rules: find the accumulator that implements TAG
2502
2503 // When A does not implement TAG, continue search in A::InternalBaseType.
2504 template <class TAG, class A, class FromTag=typename A::Tag>
2505 struct LookupTagImpl
2506 #ifndef DOXYGEN
2507 : public LookupTagImpl<TAG, typename A::InternalBaseType>
2508 #endif
2509 {};
2510
2511 // 'const A' is treated like A, except that the reference member is now const.
2512 template <class TAG, class A, class FromTag>
2513 struct LookupTagImpl<TAG, A const, FromTag>
2514 : public LookupTagImpl<TAG, A>
2515 {
2516 typedef typename LookupTagImpl<TAG, A>::type const & reference;
2517 typedef typename LookupTagImpl<TAG, A>::type const * pointer;
2518 };
2519
2520 // When A implements TAG, report its type and associated information.
2521 template <class TAG, class A>
2522 struct LookupTagImpl<TAG, A, TAG>
2523 {
2524 typedef TAG Tag;
2525 typedef A type;
2526 typedef A & reference;
2527 typedef A * pointer;
2528 typedef typename A::value_type value_type;
2529 typedef typename A::result_type result_type;
2530 };
2531
2532 // Again, 'const A' is treated like A, except that the reference member is now const.
2533 template <class TAG, class A>
2534 struct LookupTagImpl<TAG, A const, TAG>
2535 : public LookupTagImpl<TAG, A, TAG>
2536 {
2537 typedef typename LookupTagImpl<TAG, A, TAG>::type const & reference;
2538 typedef typename LookupTagImpl<TAG, A, TAG>::type const * pointer;
2539 };
2540
2541 // Recursion termination: when we end up in AccumulatorEnd without finding a
2542 // suitable A, we stop and report an error
2543 template <class TAG, class A>
2544 struct LookupTagImpl<TAG, A, AccumulatorEnd>
2545 {
2546 typedef TAG Tag;
2547 typedef A type;
2548 typedef A & reference;
2549 typedef A * pointer;
2550 typedef Error__Attempt_to_access_inactive_statistic<TAG> value_type;
2551 typedef Error__Attempt_to_access_inactive_statistic<TAG> result_type;
2552 };
2553
2554 // ... except when we are actually looking for AccumulatorEnd
2555 template <class A>
2556 struct LookupTagImpl<AccumulatorEnd, A, AccumulatorEnd>
2557 {
2558 typedef AccumulatorEnd Tag;
2559 typedef A type;
2560 typedef A & reference;
2561 typedef A * pointer;
2562 typedef void value_type;
2563 typedef void result_type;
2564 };
2565
2566 // ... or we are looking for a global statistic, in which case
2567 // we continue the serach via A::GlobalAccumulatorType, but remember that
2568 // we are actually looking for a global tag.
2569 template <class TAG, class A>
2570 struct LookupTagImpl<Global<TAG>, A, AccumulatorEnd>
2571 : public LookupTagImpl<TAG, typename A::GlobalAccumulatorType>
2572 {
2573 typedef Global<TAG> Tag;
2574 };
2575
2576 // When we encounter the LabelDispatch accumulator, we continue the
2577 // search via LabelDispatch::RegionAccumulatorChain by default
2578 template <class TAG, class A>
2579 struct LookupTagImpl<TAG, A, LabelDispatchTag>
2580 : public LookupTagImpl<TAG, typename A::RegionAccumulatorChain>
2581 {};
2582
2583 // ... except when we are looking for a global statistic, in which case
2584 // we continue via LabelDispatch::GlobalAccumulatorChain, but remember that
2585 // we are actually looking for a global tag.
2586 template <class TAG, class A>
2587 struct LookupTagImpl<Global<TAG>, A, LabelDispatchTag>
2588 : public LookupTagImpl<TAG, typename A::GlobalAccumulatorChain>
2589 {
2590 typedef Global<TAG> Tag;
2591 };
2592
2593 // ... or we are looking for the LabelDispatch accumulator itself
2594 template <class A>
2595 struct LookupTagImpl<LabelDispatchTag, A, LabelDispatchTag>
2596 {
2597 typedef LabelDispatchTag Tag;
2598 typedef A type;
2599 typedef A & reference;
2600 typedef A * pointer;
2601 typedef void value_type;
2602 typedef void result_type;
2603 };
2604
2605 } // namespace acc_detail
2606
2607 // Lookup the accumulator in the chain A that implements the given TAG.
2608 template <class Tag, class A>
2609 struct LookupTag
2610 : public acc_detail::LookupTagImpl<typename StandardizeTag<Tag>::type, A>
2611 {};
2612
2613 // Lookup the dependency TAG of the accumulator A.
2614 // This template ensures that dependencies are used with matching modifiers.
2615 // Specifically, if you search for Count as a dependency of Weighted<Mean>, the search
2616 // actually returns Weighted<Count>, wheras Count will be returned for plain Mean.
2617 template <class Tag, class A, class TargetTag>
2618 struct LookupDependency
2619 : public acc_detail::LookupTagImpl<
2620 typename TransferModifiers<TargetTag, typename StandardizeTag<Tag>::type>::type, A>
2621 {};
2622
2623
2624 namespace acc_detail {
2625
2626 // CastImpl applies the same rules as LookupTagImpl, but returns a reference to an
2627 // accumulator instance rather than an accumulator type
2628 template <class Tag, class FromTag, class reference>
2629 struct CastImpl
2630 {
2631 template <class A>
2632 static reference exec(A & a)
2633 {
2634 return CastImpl<Tag, typename A::InternalBaseType::Tag, reference>::exec(a.next_);
2635 }
2636
2637 template <class A>
2638 static reference exec(A & a, MultiArrayIndex label)
2639 {
2640 return CastImpl<Tag, typename A::InternalBaseType::Tag, reference>::exec(a.next_, label);
2641 }
2642 };
2643
2644 template <class Tag, class reference>
2645 struct CastImpl<Tag, Tag, reference>
2646 {
2647 template <class A>
2648 static reference exec(A & a)
2649 {
2650 return const_cast<reference>(a);
2651 }
2652
2653 template <class A>
2654 static reference exec(A & a, MultiArrayIndex)
2655 {
2656 vigra_precondition(false,
2657 "getAccumulator(): region accumulators can only be queried for AccumulatorChainArray.");
2658 return a;
2659 }
2660 };
2661
2662 template <class Tag, class reference>
2663 struct CastImpl<Tag, AccumulatorEnd, reference>
2664 {
2665 template <class A>
2666 static reference exec(A & a)
2667 {
2668 return a;
2669 }
2670
2671 template <class A>
2672 static reference exec(A & a, MultiArrayIndex)
2673 {
2674 return a;
2675 }
2676 };
2677
2678 template <class Tag, class reference>
2679 struct CastImpl<Global<Tag>, AccumulatorEnd, reference>
2680 {
2681 template <class A>
2682 static reference exec(A & a)
2683 {
2684 return CastImpl<Tag, typename A::GlobalAccumulatorType::Tag, reference>::exec(*a.globalAccumulator_.pointer_);
2685 }
2686 };
2687
2688 template <class reference>
2689 struct CastImpl<AccumulatorEnd, AccumulatorEnd, reference>
2690 {
2691 template <class A>
2692 static reference exec(A & a)
2693 {
2694 return a;
2695 }
2696
2697 template <class A>
2698 static reference exec(A & a, MultiArrayIndex)
2699 {
2700 return a;
2701 }
2702 };
2703
2704 template <class Tag, class reference>
2705 struct CastImpl<Tag, LabelDispatchTag, reference>
2706 {
2707 template <class A>
2708 static reference exec(A & a)
2709 {
2710 vigra_precondition(false,
2711 "getAccumulator(): a region label is required when a region accumulator is queried.");
2712 return CastImpl<Tag, typename A::RegionAccumulatorChain::Tag, reference>::exec(a.regions_[0]);
2713 }
2714
2715 template <class A>
2716 static reference exec(A & a, MultiArrayIndex label)
2717 {
2718 return CastImpl<Tag, typename A::RegionAccumulatorChain::Tag, reference>::exec(a.regions_[label]);
2719 }
2720 };
2721
2722 template <class Tag, class reference>
2723 struct CastImpl<Global<Tag>, LabelDispatchTag, reference>
2724 {
2725 template <class A>
2726 static reference exec(A & a)
2727 {
2728 return CastImpl<Tag, typename A::GlobalAccumulatorChain::Tag, reference>::exec(a.next_);
2729 }
2730 };
2731
2732 template <class reference>
2733 struct CastImpl<LabelDispatchTag, LabelDispatchTag, reference>
2734 {
2735 template <class A>
2736 static reference exec(A & a)
2737 {
2738 return a;
2739 }
2740 };
2741
2742 } // namespace acc_detail
2743
2744 // Get a reference to the accumulator TAG in the accumulator chain A
2745 /** Get a reference to the accumulator 'TAG' in the accumulator chain 'a'. This can be useful for example to update a certain accumulator with data, set individual options or get information about a certain accumulator.\n
2746 Example of use (set options):
2747 \code
2748 vigra::MultiArray<2, double> data(...);
2749 typedef UserRangeHistogram<40> SomeHistogram; //binCount set at compile time
2750 typedef UserRangeHistogram<0> SomeHistogram2; // binCount must be set at run-time
2751 AccumulatorChain<DataType, Select<SomeHistogram, SomeHistogram2> > a;
2752
2753 getAccumulator<SomeHistogram>(a).setMinMax(0.1, 0.9);
2754 getAccumulator<SomeHistogram2>(a).setMinMax(0.0, 1.0);
2755
2756 extractFeatures(data.begin(), data.end(), a);
2757 \endcode
2758
2759 Example of use (get information):
2760 \code
2761 vigra::MultiArray<2, double> data(...));
2762 AccumulatorChain<double, Select<Mean, Skewness> > a;
2763
2764 std::cout << "passes required for all statistics: " << a.passesRequired() << std::endl; //skewness needs two passes
2765 std::cout << "passes required by Mean: " << getAccumulator<Mean>(a).passesRequired() << std::endl;
2766 \endcode
2767 See \ref FeatureAccumulators for more information about feature computation via accumulators.
2768 */
2769 template <class TAG, class A>
2770 inline typename LookupTag<TAG, A>::reference
2771 getAccumulator(A & a)
2772 {
2773 typedef typename LookupTag<TAG, A>::Tag StandardizedTag;
2774 typedef typename LookupTag<TAG, A>::reference reference;
2775 return acc_detail::CastImpl<StandardizedTag, typename A::Tag, reference>::exec(a);
2776 }
2777
2778 // Get a reference to the accumulator TAG for region 'label' in the accumulator chain A
2779 /** Get a reference to the accumulator 'TAG' for region 'label' in the accumulator chain 'a'.
2780 */
2781 template <class TAG, class A>
2782 inline typename LookupTag<TAG, A>::reference
2783 getAccumulator(A & a, MultiArrayIndex label)
2784 {
2785 typedef typename LookupTag<TAG, A>::Tag StandardizedTag;
2786 typedef typename LookupTag<TAG, A>::reference reference;
2787 return acc_detail::CastImpl<StandardizedTag, typename A::Tag, reference>::exec(a, label);
2788 }
2789
2790 // get the result of the accumulator specified by TAG
2791 /** Get the result of the accumulator 'TAG' in the accumulator chain 'a'.\n
2792 Example of use:
2793 \code
2794 vigra::MultiArray<2, double> data(...);
2795 AccumulatorChain<DataType, Select<Variance, Mean, StdDev> > a;
2796 extractFeatures(data.begin(), data.end(), a);
2797 double mean = get<Mean>(a);
2798 \endcode
2799 See \ref FeatureAccumulators for more information about feature computation via accumulators.
2800 */
2801 template <class TAG, class A>
2802 inline typename LookupTag<TAG, A>::result_type
2803 get(A const & a)
2804 {
2805 return getAccumulator<TAG>(a).get();
2806 }
2807
2808 // get the result of the accumulator TAG for region 'label'
2809 /** Get the result of the accumulator 'TAG' for region 'label' in the accumulator chain 'a'.\n
2810 Example of use:
2811 \code
2812 vigra::MultiArray<2, double> data(...);
2813 vigra::MultiArray<2, int> labels(...);
2814 typedef vigra::CoupledIteratorType<2, double, int>::type Iterator;
2815 typedef Iterator::value_type Handle;
2816
2817 AccumulatorChainArray<Handle,
2818 Select<DataArg<1>, LabelArg<2>, Mean, Variance> > a;
2819
2820 Iterator start = createCoupledIterator(data, labels);
2821 Iterator end = start.getEndIterator();
2822 extractFeatures(start,end,a);
2823
2824 double mean_of_region_1 = get<Mean>(a,1);
2825 double mean_of_background = get<Mean>(a,0);
2826 \endcode
2827 See \ref FeatureAccumulators for more information about feature computation via accumulators.
2828 */
2829 template <class TAG, class A>
2830 inline typename LookupTag<TAG, A>::result_type
2831 get(A const & a, MultiArrayIndex label)
2832 {
2833 return getAccumulator<TAG>(a, label).get();
2834 }
2835
2836 // Get the result of the accumulator specified by TAG without checking if the accumulator is active.
2837 // This must be used within an accumulator implementation to access dependencies because
2838 // it applies the approprate modifiers to the given TAG. It must not be used in other situations.
2839 // FIXME: is there a shorter name?
2840 template <class TAG, class A>
2841 inline typename LookupDependency<TAG, A>::result_type
2842 getDependency(A const & a)
2843 {
2844 typedef typename LookupDependency<TAG, A>::Tag StandardizedTag;
2845 typedef typename LookupDependency<TAG, A>::reference reference;
2846 return acc_detail::CastImpl<StandardizedTag, typename A::Tag, reference>::exec(a)();
2847 }
2848
2849 // activate the dynamic accumulator specified by Tag
2850 /** Activate the dynamic accumulator 'Tag' in the dynamic accumulator chain 'a'. Same as a.activate<Tag>() (see DynamicAccumulatorChain::activate<Tag>() or DynamicAccumulatorChainArray::activate<Tag>()). For run-time activation use DynamicAccumulatorChain::activate(std::string tag) or DynamicAccumulatorChainArray::activate(std::string tag) instead.\n
2851 See \ref FeatureAccumulators for more information about feature computation via accumulators.
2852 */
2853 template <class Tag, class A>
2854 inline void
2855 activate(A & a)
2856 {
2857 a.template activate<Tag>();
2858 }
2859
2860 // check if the dynamic accumulator specified by Tag is active
2861 /** Check if the dynamic accumulator 'Tag' in the accumulator chain 'a' is active. Same as a.isActive<Tag>() (see DynamicAccumulatorChain::isActive<Tag>() or DynamicAccumulatorChainArray::isActive<Tag>()). At run-time, use DynamicAccumulatorChain::isActive(std::string tag) const or DynamicAccumulatorChainArray::isActive(std::string tag) const instead.\n
2862 See \ref FeatureAccumulators for more information about feature computation via accumulators.
2863 */
2864 template <class Tag, class A>
2865 inline bool
2866 isActive(A const & a)
2867 {
2868 return a.template isActive<Tag>();
2869 }
2870
2871 /****************************************************************************/
2872 /* */
2873 /* generic loops */
2874 /* */
2875 /****************************************************************************/
2876
2877 /** Generic loop to collect statistics from one or several arrays.
2878
2879 This function automatically performs as many passes over the data as necessary for the selected statistics. The basic version of <tt>extractFeatures()</tt> takes an iterator pair and a reference to an accumulator chain:
2880 \code
2881 namespace vigra { namespace acc {
2882
2883 template <class ITERATOR, class ACCUMULATOR>
2884 void extractFeatures(ITERATOR start, ITERATOR end, ACCUMULATOR & a);
2885 }}
2886 \endcode
2887 The <tt>ITERATOR</tt> can be any STL-conforming <i>forward iterator</i> (including raw pointers and \ref vigra::CoupledScanOrderIterator). The <tt>ACCUMULATOR</tt> must be instantiated with the <tt>ITERATOR</tt>'s <tt>value_type</tt> as its first template argument. For example, to use a raw pointer you write:
2888 \code
2889 AccumulatorChain<double, Select<Mean, Variance> > a;
2890
2891 double * start = ...,
2892 * end = ...;
2893 extractFeatures(start, end, a);
2894 \endcode
2895 Similarly, you can use MultiArray's scan-order iterator:
2896 \code
2897 AccumulatorChain<TinyVector<float, 2>, Select<Mean, Variance> > a;
2898
2899 MultiArray<3, TinyVector<float, 2> > data(...);
2900 extractFeatures(data.begin(), data.end(), a);
2901 \endcode
2902 An alternative syntax is used when you want to compute weighted or region statistics (or both). Then it is necessary to iterate over several arrays simultaneously. This fact is best conveyed to the accumulator via the helper class \ref vigra::CoupledArrays that is used as the accumulator's first template argument and holds the dimension and value types of the arrays involved. To actually compute the features, you then pass appropriate arrays to the <tt>extractfeatures()</tt> function directly. For example, region statistics can be obtained like this:
2903 \code
2904 MultiArray<3, double> data(...);
2905 MultiArray<3, int> labels(...);
2906
2907 AccumulatorChainArray<CoupledArrays<3, double, int>,
2908 Select<DataArg<1>, LabelArg<2>, // where to look for data and region labels
2909 Mean, Variance> > // what statistics to compute
2910 a;
2911
2912 extractFeatures(data, labels, a);
2913 \endcode
2914 This form of <tt>extractFeatures()</tt> is supported for up to five arrays (although at most three are currently making sense in practice):
2915 \code
2916 namespace vigra { namespace acc {
2917
2918 template <unsigned int N, class T1, class S1,
2919 class ACCUMULATOR>
2920 void extractFeatures(MultiArrayView<N, T1, S1> const & a1,
2921 ACCUMULATOR & a);
2922
2923 ...
2924
2925 template <unsigned int N, class T1, class S1,
2926 class T2, class S2,
2927 class T3, class S3,
2928 class T4, class S4,
2929 class T5, class S5,
2930 class ACCUMULATOR>
2931 void extractFeatures(MultiArrayView<N, T1, S1> const & a1,
2932 MultiArrayView<N, T2, S2> const & a2,
2933 MultiArrayView<N, T3, S3> const & a3,
2934 MultiArrayView<N, T4, S4> const & a4,
2935 MultiArrayView<N, T5, S5> const & a5,
2936 ACCUMULATOR & a);
2937 }}
2938 \endcode
2939 Of course, the number and types of the arrays specified in <tt>CoupledArrays</tt> must conform to the number and types of the arrays passed to <tt>extractFeatures()</tt>.
2940
2941 See \ref FeatureAccumulators for more information about feature computation via accumulators.
2942 */
2943 doxygen_overloaded_function(template <...> void extractFeatures)
2944
2945
2946 template <class ITERATOR, class ACCUMULATOR>
2947 void extractFeatures(ITERATOR start, ITERATOR end, ACCUMULATOR & a)
2948 {
2949 for(unsigned int k=1; k <= a.passesRequired(); ++k)
2950 for(ITERATOR i=start; i < end; ++i)
2951 a.updatePassN(*i, k);
2952 }
2953
2954 template <unsigned int N, class T1, class S1,
2955 class ACCUMULATOR>
2956 void extractFeatures(MultiArrayView<N, T1, S1> const & a1,
2957 ACCUMULATOR & a)
2958 {
2959 typedef typename CoupledIteratorType<N, T1>::type Iterator;
2960 Iterator start = createCoupledIterator(a1),
2961 end = start.getEndIterator();
2962 extractFeatures(start, end, a);
2963 }
2964
2965 template <unsigned int N, class T1, class S1,
2966 class T2, class S2,
2967 class ACCUMULATOR>
2968 void extractFeatures(MultiArrayView<N, T1, S1> const & a1,
2969 MultiArrayView<N, T2, S2> const & a2,
2970 ACCUMULATOR & a)
2971 {
2972 typedef typename CoupledIteratorType<N, T1, T2>::type Iterator;
2973 Iterator start = createCoupledIterator(a1, a2),
2974 end = start.getEndIterator();
2975 extractFeatures(start, end, a);
2976 }
2977
2978 template <unsigned int N, class T1, class S1,
2979 class T2, class S2,
2980 class T3, class S3,
2981 class ACCUMULATOR>
2982 void extractFeatures(MultiArrayView<N, T1, S1> const & a1,
2983 MultiArrayView<N, T2, S2> const & a2,
2984 MultiArrayView<N, T3, S3> const & a3,
2985 ACCUMULATOR & a)
2986 {
2987 typedef typename CoupledIteratorType<N, T1, T2, T3>::type Iterator;
2988 Iterator start = createCoupledIterator(a1, a2, a3),
2989 end = start.getEndIterator();
2990 extractFeatures(start, end, a);
2991 }
2992
2993 template <unsigned int N, class T1, class S1,
2994 class T2, class S2,
2995 class T3, class S3,
2996 class T4, class S4,
2997 class ACCUMULATOR>
2998 void extractFeatures(MultiArrayView<N, T1, S1> const & a1,
2999 MultiArrayView<N, T2, S2> const & a2,
3000 MultiArrayView<N, T3, S3> const & a3,
3001 MultiArrayView<N, T4, S4> const & a4,
3002 ACCUMULATOR & a)
3003 {
3004 typedef typename CoupledIteratorType<N, T1, T2, T3, T4>::type Iterator;
3005 Iterator start = createCoupledIterator(a1, a2, a3, a4),
3006 end = start.getEndIterator();
3007 extractFeatures(start, end, a);
3008 }
3009
3010 template <unsigned int N, class T1, class S1,
3011 class T2, class S2,
3012 class T3, class S3,
3013 class T4, class S4,
3014 class T5, class S5,
3015 class ACCUMULATOR>
3016 void extractFeatures(MultiArrayView<N, T1, S1> const & a1,
3017 MultiArrayView<N, T2, S2> const & a2,
3018 MultiArrayView<N, T3, S3> const & a3,
3019 MultiArrayView<N, T4, S4> const & a4,
3020 MultiArrayView<N, T5, S5> const & a5,
3021 ACCUMULATOR & a)
3022 {
3023 typedef typename CoupledIteratorType<N, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>::type Iterator;
3024 Iterator start = createCoupledIterator(a1, a2, a3, a4, a5),
3025 end = start.getEndIterator();
3026 extractFeatures(start, end, a);
3027 }
3028
3029 /****************************************************************************/
3030 /* */
3031 /* AccumulatorResultTraits */
3032 /* */
3033 /****************************************************************************/
3034
3035 template <class T>
3036 struct AccumulatorResultTraits
3037 {
3038 typedef T type;
3039 typedef T element_type;
3040 typedef double element_promote_type;
3041 typedef T MinmaxType;
3042 typedef element_promote_type SumType;
3043 typedef element_promote_type FlatCovarianceType;
3044 typedef element_promote_type CovarianceType;
3045 };
3046
3047 template <class T, int N>
3048 struct AccumulatorResultTraits<TinyVector<T, N> >
3049 {
3050 typedef TinyVector<T, N> type;
3051 typedef T element_type;
3052 typedef double element_promote_type;
3053 typedef TinyVector<T, N> MinmaxType;
3054 typedef TinyVector<element_promote_type, N> SumType;
3055 typedef TinyVector<element_promote_type, N*(N+1)/2> FlatCovarianceType;
3056 typedef Matrix<element_promote_type> CovarianceType;
3057 };
3058
3059 // (?) beign change
3060 template <class T, unsigned int RED_IDX, unsigned int GREEN_IDX, unsigned int BLUE_IDX>
3061 struct AccumulatorResultTraits<RGBValue<T, RED_IDX, GREEN_IDX, BLUE_IDX> >
3062 {
3063 typedef RGBValue<T> type;
3064 typedef T element_type;
3065 typedef double element_promote_type;
3066 typedef RGBValue<T> MinmaxType;
3067 typedef RGBValue<element_promote_type> SumType;
3068 typedef TinyVector<element_promote_type, 3*(3+1)/2> FlatCovarianceType;
3069 typedef Matrix<element_promote_type> CovarianceType;
3070 };
3071 // end change
3072
3073
3074 template <unsigned int N, class T, class Stride>
3075 struct AccumulatorResultTraits<MultiArrayView<N, T, Stride> >
3076 {
3077 typedef MultiArrayView<N, T, Stride> type;
3078 typedef T element_type;
3079 typedef double element_promote_type;
3080 typedef MultiArray<N, T> MinmaxType;
3081 typedef MultiArray<N, element_promote_type> SumType;
3082 typedef MultiArray<1, element_promote_type> FlatCovarianceType;
3083 typedef Matrix<element_promote_type> CovarianceType;
3084 };
3085
3086 template <unsigned int N, class T, class Alloc>
3087 struct AccumulatorResultTraits<MultiArray<N, T, Alloc> >
3088 {
3089 typedef MultiArrayView<N, T, Alloc> type;
3090 typedef T element_type;
3091 typedef double element_promote_type;
3092 typedef MultiArray<N, T> MinmaxType;
3093 typedef MultiArray<N, element_promote_type> SumType;
3094 typedef MultiArray<1, element_promote_type> FlatCovarianceType;
3095 typedef Matrix<element_promote_type> CovarianceType;
3096 };
3097
3098 /****************************************************************************/
3099 /* */
3100 /* modifier implementations */
3101 /* */
3102 /****************************************************************************/
3103
3104 /** \brief Modifier. Compute statistic globally rather than per region.
3105
3106 This modifier only works when labels are given (with (Dynamic)AccumulatorChainArray), in which case statistics are computed per-region by default.
3107 */
3108 template <class TAG>
3109 class Global
3110 {
3111 public:
3112 typedef typename StandardizeTag<TAG>::type TargetTag;
3113 typedef typename TargetTag::Dependencies Dependencies;
3114
3115 static std::string name()
3116 {
3117 return std::string("Global<") + TargetTag::name() + " >";
3118 // static const std::string n = std::string("Global<") + TargetTag::name() + " >";
3119 // return n;
3120 }
3121 };
3122
3123 /** \brief Specifies index of data in CoupledHandle.
3124
3125 If AccumulatorChain is used with CoupledIterator, DataArg<INDEX> tells the accumulator chain which index of the Handle contains the data. (Coordinates are always index 0)
3126 */
3127 template <int INDEX>
3128 class DataArg
3129 {
3130 public:
3131 typedef Select<> Dependencies;
3132
3133 static std::string name()
3134 {
3135 return std::string("DataArg<") + asString(INDEX) + "> (internal)";
3136 // static const std::string n = std::string("DataArg<") + asString(INDEX) + "> (internal)";
3137 // return n;
3138 }
3139
3140 template <class T, class BASE>
3141 struct Impl
3142 : public BASE
3143 {
3144 typedef DataArgTag Tag;
3145 typedef void value_type;
3146 typedef void result_type;
3147
3148 static const int value = INDEX;
3149 static const unsigned int workInPass = 0;
3150 };
3151 };
3152
3153 // Tags are automatically wrapped with DataFromHandle if CoupledHandle used
3154 template <class TAG>
3155 class DataFromHandle
3156 {
3157 public:
3158 typedef typename StandardizeTag<TAG>::type TargetTag;
3159 typedef typename TargetTag::Dependencies Dependencies;
3160
3161 static std::string name()
3162 {
3163 return std::string("DataFromHandle<") + TargetTag::name() + " > (internal)";
3164 // static const std::string n = std::string("DataFromHandle<") + TargetTag::name() + " > (internal)";
3165 // return n;
3166 }
3167
3168 template <class IndexDefinition, class TagFound=typename IndexDefinition::Tag>
3169 struct DataIndexSelector
3170 {
3171 static const int value = 1; // default: CoupledHandle holds data at index 1
3172
3173 template <class U, class NEXT>
3174 static typename CoupledHandleCast<value, CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> >::type::const_reference
3175 exec(CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> const & t)
3176 {
3177 return vigra::get<value>(t);
3178 }
3179 };
3180
3181 template <class IndexDefinition>
3182 struct DataIndexSelector<IndexDefinition, DataArgTag>
3183 {
3184 static const int value = IndexDefinition::value;
3185
3186 template <class U, class NEXT>
3187 static typename CoupledHandleCast<value, CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> >::type::const_reference
3188 exec(CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> const & t)
3189 {
3190 return vigra::get<value>(t);
3191 }
3192 };
3193
3194 template <class T, class BASE>
3195 struct SelectInputType
3196 {
3197 typedef typename LookupTag<DataArgTag, BASE>::type FindDataIndex;
3198 typedef DataIndexSelector<FindDataIndex> DataIndex;
3199 typedef typename CoupledHandleCast<DataIndex::value, T>::type::value_type type;
3200 };
3201
3202 template <class T, class BASE>
3203 struct Impl
3204 : public TargetTag::template Impl<typename SelectInputType<T, BASE>::type, BASE>
3205 {
3206 typedef SelectInputType<T, BASE> InputTypeSelector;
3207 typedef typename InputTypeSelector::DataIndex DataIndex;
3208 typedef typename InputTypeSelector::type input_type;
3209 typedef input_type const & argument_type;
3210 typedef argument_type first_argument_type;
3211
3212 typedef typename TargetTag::template Impl<input_type, BASE> ImplType;
3213
3214 using ImplType::reshape;
3215
3216 template <class U, class NEXT>
3217 void reshape(CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> const & t)
3218 {
3219 ImplType::reshape(acc_detail::shapeOf(DataIndex::exec(t)));
3220 }
3221
3222 template <class U, class NEXT>
3223 void update(CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> const & t)
3224 {
3225 ImplType::update(DataIndex::exec(t));
3226 }
3227
3228 template <class U, class NEXT>
3229 void update(CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> const & t, double weight)
3230 {
3231 ImplType::update(DataIndex::exec(t), weight);
3232 }
3233 };
3234 };
3235
3236 /** \brief Modifier. Compute statistic from pixel coordinates rather than from pixel values.
3237
3238 AccumulatorChain must be used with CoupledIterator in order to have access to pixel coordinates.
3239 */
3240 template <class TAG>
3241 class Coord
3242 {
3243 public:
3244 typedef typename StandardizeTag<TAG>::type TargetTag;
3245 typedef typename TargetTag::Dependencies Dependencies;
3246
3247 static std::string name()
3248 {
3249 return std::string("Coord<") + TargetTag::name() + " >";
3250 // static const std::string n = std::string("Coord<") + TargetTag::name() + " >";
3251 // return n;
3252 }
3253
3254 template <class IndexDefinition, class TagFound=typename IndexDefinition::Tag>
3255 struct CoordIndexSelector
3256 {
3257 static const int value = 0; // default: CoupledHandle holds coordinates at index 0
3258
3259 template <class U, class NEXT>
3260 static typename CoupledHandleCast<value, CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> >::type::const_reference
3261 exec(CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> const & t)
3262 {
3263 return vigra::get<value>(t);
3264 }
3265 };
3266
3267 template <class IndexDefinition>
3268 struct CoordIndexSelector<IndexDefinition, CoordArgTag>
3269 {
3270 static const int value = IndexDefinition::value;
3271
3272 template <class U, class NEXT>
3273 static typename CoupledHandleCast<value, CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> >::type::const_reference
3274 exec(CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> const & t)
3275 {
3276 return vigra::get<value>(t);
3277 }
3278 };
3279
3280 template <class T, class BASE>
3281 struct SelectInputType
3282 {
3283 typedef typename LookupTag<CoordArgTag, BASE>::type FindDataIndex;
3284 typedef CoordIndexSelector<FindDataIndex> CoordIndex;
3285 typedef typename CoupledHandleCast<CoordIndex::value, T>::type::value_type type;
3286 static const int size = type::static_size;
3287 };
3288
3289 template <class T, class BASE>
3290 struct Impl
3291 : public TargetTag::template Impl<TinyVector<double, SelectInputType<T, BASE>::size>, BASE>
3292 {
3293 typedef SelectInputType<T, BASE> InputTypeSelector;
3294 typedef typename InputTypeSelector::CoordIndex CoordIndex;
3295 typedef TinyVector<double, SelectInputType<T, BASE>::size> input_type;
3296 typedef input_type const & argument_type;
3297 typedef argument_type first_argument_type;
3298
3299 typedef typename TargetTag::template Impl<input_type, BASE> ImplType;
3300
3301 input_type offset_;
3302
3303 Impl()
3304 : offset_()
3305 {}
3306
3307 void setCoordinateOffset(input_type const & offset)
3308 {
3309 offset_ = offset;
3310 }
3311
3312 using ImplType::reshape;
3313
3314 template <class U, class NEXT>
3315 void reshape(CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> const & t)
3316 {
3317 ImplType::reshape(acc_detail::shapeOf(CoordIndex::exec(t)));
3318 }
3319
3320 template <class U, class NEXT>
3321 void update(CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> const & t)
3322 {
3323 ImplType::update(CoordIndex::exec(t)+offset_);
3324 }
3325
3326 template <class U, class NEXT>
3327 void update(CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> const & t, double weight)
3328 {
3329 ImplType::update(CoordIndex::exec(t)+offset_, weight);
3330 }
3331 };
3332 };
3333
3334 /** \brief Specifies index of data in CoupledHandle.
3335
3336 If AccumulatorChain is used with CoupledIterator, WeightArg<INDEX> tells the accumulator chain which index of the Handle contains the weights. (Note that coordinates are always index 0.)
3337 */
3338 template <int INDEX>
3339 class WeightArg
3340 {
3341 public:
3342 typedef Select<> Dependencies;
3343
3344 static std::string name()
3345 {
3346 return std::string("WeightArg<") + asString(INDEX) + "> (internal)";
3347 // static const std::string n = std::string("WeightArg<") + asString(INDEX) + "> (internal)";
3348 // return n;
3349 }
3350
3351 template <class T, class BASE>
3352 struct Impl
3353 : public BASE
3354 {
3355 typedef WeightArgTag Tag;
3356 typedef void value_type;
3357 typedef void result_type;
3358
3359 static const int value = INDEX;
3360 static const unsigned int workInPass = 0;
3361 };
3362 };
3363
3364 /** \brief Compute weighted version of the statistic.
3365 */
3366 template <class TAG>
3367 class Weighted
3368 {
3369 public:
3370 typedef typename StandardizeTag<TAG>::type TargetTag;
3371 typedef typename TargetTag::Dependencies Dependencies;
3372
3373 static std::string name()
3374 {
3375 return std::string("Weighted<") + TargetTag::name() + " >";
3376 // static const std::string n = std::string("Weighted<") + TargetTag::name() + " >";
3377 // return n;
3378 }
3379
3380 template <class IndexDefinition, class TagFound=typename IndexDefinition::Tag>
3381 struct WeightIndexSelector
3382 {
3383 template <class U, class NEXT>
3384 static double exec(CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> const & t)
3385 {
3386 return (double)*t; // default: CoupledHandle holds weights at the last (outermost) index
3387 }
3388 };
3389
3390 template <class IndexDefinition>
3391 struct WeightIndexSelector<IndexDefinition, WeightArgTag>
3392 {
3393 template <class U, class NEXT>
3394 static double exec(CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> const & t)
3395 {
3396 return (double)get<IndexDefinition::value>(t);
3397 }
3398 };
3399
3400 template <class T, class BASE>
3401 struct Impl
3402 : public TargetTag::template Impl<T, BASE>
3403 {
3404 typedef typename TargetTag::template Impl<T, BASE> ImplType;
3405
3406 typedef typename LookupTag<WeightArgTag, BASE>::type FindWeightIndex;
3407
3408 template <class U, class NEXT>
3409 void update(CoupledHandle<U, NEXT> const & t)
3410 {
3411 ImplType::update(t, WeightIndexSelector<FindWeightIndex>::exec(t));
3412 }
3413 };
3414 };
3415
3416 // Centralize by subtracting the mean and cache the result
3417 class Centralize
3418 {
3419 public:
3420 typedef Select<Mean> Dependencies;
3421
3422 static std::string name()
3423 {
3424 return "Centralize (internal)";
3425 // static const std::string n("Centralize (internal)");
3426 // return n;
3427 }
3428
3429 template <class U, class BASE>
3430 struct Impl
3431 : public BASE
3432 {
3433 static const unsigned int workInPass = 2;
3434
3435 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::element_promote_type element_type;
3436 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::SumType value_type;
3437 typedef value_type const & result_type;
3438
3439 mutable value_type value_;
3440
3441 Impl()
3442 : value_() // call default constructor explicitly to ensure zero initialization
3443 {}
3444
3445 void reset()
3446 {
3447 value_ = element_type();
3448 }
3449
3450 template <class Shape>
3451 void reshape(Shape const & s)
3452 {
3453 acc_detail::reshapeImpl(value_, s);
3454 }
3455
3456 void update(U const & t) const
3457 {
3458 using namespace vigra::multi_math;
3459 value_ = t - getDependency<Mean>(*this);
3460 }
3461
3462 void update(U const & t, double) const
3463 {
3464 update(t);
3465 }
3466
3467 result_type operator()(U const & t) const
3468 {
3469 update(t);
3470 return value_;
3471 }
3472
3473 result_type operator()() const
3474 {
3475 return value_;
3476 }
3477 };
3478 };
3479
3480 /** \brief Modifier. Substract mean before computing statistic.
3481
3482 Works in pass 2, %operator+=() not supported (merging not supported).
3483 */
3484 template <class TAG>
3485 class Central
3486 {
3487 public:
3488 typedef typename StandardizeTag<TAG>::type TargetTag;
3489 typedef Select<Centralize, typename TargetTag::Dependencies> Dependencies;
3490
3491 static std::string name()
3492 {
3493 return std::string("Central<") + TargetTag::name() + " >";
3494 // static const std::string n = std::string("Central<") + TargetTag::name() + " >";
3495 // return n;
3496 }
3497
3498 template <class U, class BASE>
3499 struct Impl
3500 : public TargetTag::template Impl<typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::SumType, BASE>
3501 {
3502 typedef typename TargetTag::template Impl<typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::SumType, BASE> ImplType;
3503
3504 static const unsigned int workInPass = 2;
3505
3506 void operator+=(Impl const & o)
3507 {
3508 vigra_precondition(false,
3509 "Central<...>::operator+=(): not supported.");
3510 }
3511
3512 template <class T>
3513 void update(T const & t)
3514 {
3515 ImplType::update(getDependency<Centralize>(*this));
3516 }
3517
3518 template <class T>
3519 void update(T const & t, double weight)
3520 {
3521 ImplType::update(getDependency<Centralize>(*this), weight);
3522 }
3523 };
3524 };
3525
3526 // alternative implementation without caching
3527 //
3528 // template <class TAG>
3529 // class Central
3530 // {
3531 // public:
3532 // typedef typename StandardizeTag<TAG>::type TargetTag;
3533 // typedef TypeList<Mean, typename TransferModifiers<Central<TargetTag>, typename TargetTag::Dependencies::type>::type> Dependencies;
3534
3535 // template <class U, class BASE>
3536 // struct Impl
3537 // : public TargetTag::template Impl<typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::SumType, BASE>
3538 // {
3539 // typedef typename TargetTag::template Impl<typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::SumType, BASE> ImplType;
3540
3541 // static const unsigned int workInPass = 2;
3542
3543 // void operator+=(Impl const & o)
3544 // {
3545 // vigra_precondition(false,
3546 // "Central<...>::operator+=(): not supported.");
3547 // }
3548
3549 // template <class T>
3550 // void update(T const & t)
3551 // {
3552 // ImplType::update(t - getDependency<Mean>(*this));
3553 // }
3554
3555 // template <class T>
3556 // void update(T const & t, double weight)
3557 // {
3558 // ImplType::update(t - getDependency<Mean>(*this), weight);
3559 // }
3560 // };
3561 // };
3562
3563
3564 class PrincipalProjection
3565 {
3566 public:
3567 typedef Select<Centralize, Principal<CoordinateSystem> > Dependencies;
3568
3569 static std::string name()
3570 {
3571 return "PrincipalProjection (internal)";
3572 // static const std::string n("PrincipalProjection (internal)");
3573 // return n;
3574 }
3575
3576 template <class U, class BASE>
3577 struct Impl
3578 : public BASE
3579 {
3580 static const unsigned int workInPass = 2;
3581
3582 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::element_promote_type element_type;
3583 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::SumType value_type;
3584 typedef value_type const & result_type;
3585
3586 mutable value_type value_;
3587
3588 Impl()
3589 : value_() // call default constructor explicitly to ensure zero initialization
3590 {}
3591
3592 void reset()
3593 {
3594 value_ = element_type();
3595 }
3596
3597 template <class Shape>
3598 void reshape(Shape const & s)
3599 {
3600 acc_detail::reshapeImpl(value_, s);
3601 }
3602
3603 void update(U const & t) const
3604 {
3605 for(unsigned int k=0; k<t.size(); ++k)
3606 {
3607 value_[k] = getDependency<Principal<CoordinateSystem> >(*this)(0, k)*getDependency<Centralize>(*this)[0];
3608 for(unsigned int d=1; d<t.size(); ++d)
3609 value_[k] += getDependency<Principal<CoordinateSystem> >(*this)(d, k)*getDependency<Centralize>(*this)[d];
3610 }
3611 }
3612
3613 void update(U const & t, double) const
3614 {
3615 update(t);
3616 }
3617
3618 result_type operator()(U const & t) const
3619 {
3620 getAccumulator<Centralize>(*this).update(t);
3621 update(t);
3622 return value_;
3623 }
3624
3625 result_type operator()() const
3626 {
3627 return value_;
3628 }
3629 };
3630 };
3631
3632 /** \brief Modifier. Project onto PCA eigenvectors.
3633
3634 Works in pass 2, %operator+=() not supported (merging not supported).
3635 */
3636 template <class TAG>
3637 class Principal
3638 {
3639 public:
3640 typedef typename StandardizeTag<TAG>::type TargetTag;
3641 typedef Select<PrincipalProjection, typename TargetTag::Dependencies> Dependencies;
3642
3643 static std::string name()
3644 {
3645 return std::string("Principal<") + TargetTag::name() + " >";
3646 // static const std::string n = std::string("Principal<") + TargetTag::name() + " >";
3647 // return n;
3648 }
3649
3650 template <class U, class BASE>
3651 struct Impl
3652 : public TargetTag::template Impl<typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::SumType, BASE>
3653 {
3654 typedef typename TargetTag::template Impl<typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::SumType, BASE> ImplType;
3655
3656 static const unsigned int workInPass = 2;
3657
3658 void operator+=(Impl const & o)
3659 {
3660 vigra_precondition(false,
3661 "Principal<...>::operator+=(): not supported.");
3662 }
3663
3664 template <class T>
3665 void update(T const & t)
3666 {
3667 ImplType::update(getDependency<PrincipalProjection>(*this));
3668 }
3669
3670 template <class T>
3671 void update(T const & t, double weight)
3672 {
3673 ImplType::update(getDependency<PrincipalProjection>(*this), weight);
3674 }
3675 };
3676 };
3677
3678 /*
3679 important notes on modifiers:
3680 * upon accumulator creation, modifiers are reordered so that data preparation is innermost,
3681 and data access is outermost, e.g.:
3682 Coord<DivideByCount<Principal<PowerSum<2> > > >
3683 * modifiers are automatically transfered to dependencies as appropriate
3684 * modifiers for lookup (getAccumulator and get) of dependent accumulators are automatically adjusted
3685 * modifiers must adjust workInPass for the contained accumulator as appropriate
3686 * we may implement convenience versions of Select that apply a modifier to all
3687 contained tags at once
3688 * weighted accumulators have their own Count object when used together
3689 with unweighted ones (this is as yet untested - FIXME)
3690 * certain accumulators must remain unchanged when wrapped in certain modifiers:
3691 * Count: always except for Weighted<Count> and CoordWeighted<Count>
3692 * Sum: data preparation modifiers
3693 * FlatScatterMatrixImpl, CovarianceEigensystemImpl: Principal and Whitened
3694 * will it be useful to implement initPass<N>() or finalizePass<N>() ?
3695 */
3696
3697 /****************************************************************************/
3698 /* */
3699 /* the actual accumulators */
3700 /* */
3701 /****************************************************************************/
3702
3703 /** \brief Basic statistic. Identity matrix of appropriate size.
3704 */
3705 class CoordinateSystem
3706 {
3707 public:
3708 typedef Select<> Dependencies;
3709
3710 static std::string name()
3711 {
3712 return "CoordinateSystem";
3713 // static const std::string n("CoordinateSystem");
3714 // return n;
3715 }
3716
3717 template <class U, class BASE>
3718 struct Impl
3719 : public BASE
3720 {
3721 typedef double element_type;
3722 typedef Matrix<double> value_type;
3723 typedef value_type const & result_type;
3724
3725 value_type value_;
3726
3727 Impl()
3728 : value_() // call default constructor explicitly to ensure zero initialization
3729 {}
3730
3731 void reset()
3732 {
3733 value_ = element_type();
3734 }
3735
3736 template <class Shape>
3737 void reshape(Shape const & s)
3738 {
3739 acc_detail::reshapeImpl(value_, s);
3740 }
3741
3742 result_type operator()() const
3743 {
3744 return value_;
3745 }
3746 };
3747 };
3748
3749 template <class BASE, class T,
3750 class ElementType=typename AccumulatorResultTraits<T>::element_promote_type,
3751 class SumType=typename AccumulatorResultTraits<T>::SumType>
3752 struct SumBaseImpl
3753 : public BASE
3754 {
3755 typedef ElementType element_type;
3756 typedef SumType value_type;
3757 typedef value_type const & result_type;
3758
3759 value_type value_;
3760
3761 SumBaseImpl()
3762 : value_() // call default constructor explicitly to ensure zero initialization
3763 {}
3764
3765 void reset()
3766 {
3767 value_ = element_type();
3768 }
3769
3770 template <class Shape>
3771 void reshape(Shape const & s)
3772 {
3773 acc_detail::reshapeImpl(value_, s);
3774 }
3775
3776 void operator+=(SumBaseImpl const & o)
3777 {
3778 value_ += o.value_;
3779 }
3780
3781 result_type operator()() const
3782 {
3783 return value_;
3784 }
3785 };
3786
3787 // Count
3788 template <>
3789 class PowerSum<0>
3790 {
3791 public:
3792 typedef Select<> Dependencies;
3793
3794 static std::string name()
3795 {
3796 return "PowerSum<0>";
3797 // static const std::string n("PowerSum<0>");
3798 // return n;
3799 }
3800
3801 template <class T, class BASE>
3802 struct Impl
3803 : public SumBaseImpl<BASE, T, double, double>
3804 {
3805 void update(T const & t)
3806 {
3807 ++this->value_;
3808 }
3809
3810 void update(T const & t, double weight)
3811 {
3812 this->value_ += weight;
3813 }
3814 };
3815 };
3816
3817 // Sum
3818 template <>
3819 class PowerSum<1>
3820 {
3821 public:
3822 typedef Select<> Dependencies;
3823
3824 static std::string name()
3825 {
3826 return "PowerSum<1>";
3827 // static const std::string n("PowerSum<1>");
3828 // return n;
3829 }
3830
3831 template <class U, class BASE>
3832 struct Impl
3833 : public SumBaseImpl<BASE, U>
3834 {
3835 void update(U const & t)
3836 {
3837 this->value_ += t;
3838 }
3839
3840 void update(U const & t, double weight)
3841 {
3842 this->value_ += weight*t;
3843 }
3844 };
3845 };
3846
3847 /** \brief Basic statistic. PowerSum<N> =@f$ \sum_i x_i^N @f$
3848
3849 Works in pass 1, %operator+=() supported (merging supported).
3850 */
3851 template <unsigned N>
3852 class PowerSum
3853 {
3854 public:
3855 typedef Select<> Dependencies;
3856
3857 static std::string name()
3858 {
3859 return std::string("PowerSum<") + asString(N) + ">";
3860 // static const std::string n = std::string("PowerSum<") + asString(N) + ">";
3861 // return n;
3862 }
3863
3864 template <class U, class BASE>
3865 struct Impl
3866 : public SumBaseImpl<BASE, U>
3867 {
3868 void update(U const & t)
3869 {
3870 using namespace vigra::multi_math;
3871 this->value_ += pow(t, (int)N);
3872 }
3873
3874 void update(U const & t, double weight)
3875 {
3876 using namespace vigra::multi_math;
3877 this->value_ += weight*pow(t, (int)N);
3878 }
3879 };
3880 };
3881
3882 template <>
3883 class AbsPowerSum<1>
3884 {
3885 public:
3886 typedef Select<> Dependencies;
3887
3888 static std::string name()
3889 {
3890 return "AbsPowerSum<1>";
3891 // static const std::string n("AbsPowerSum<1>");
3892 // return n;
3893 }
3894
3895 template <class U, class BASE>
3896 struct Impl
3897 : public SumBaseImpl<BASE, U>
3898 {
3899 void update(U const & t)
3900 {
3901 using namespace vigra::multi_math;
3902 this->value_ += abs(t);
3903 }
3904
3905 void update(U const & t, double weight)
3906 {
3907 using namespace vigra::multi_math;
3908 this->value_ += weight*abs(t);
3909 }
3910 };
3911 };
3912
3913 /** \brief Basic statistic. AbsPowerSum<N> =@f$ \sum_i |x_i|^N @f$
3914
3915 Works in pass 1, %operator+=() supported (merging supported).
3916 */
3917 template <unsigned N>
3918 class AbsPowerSum
3919 {
3920 public:
3921 typedef Select<> Dependencies;
3922
3923 static std::string name()
3924 {
3925 return std::string("AbsPowerSum<") + asString(N) + ">";
3926 // static const std::string n = std::string("AbsPowerSum<") + asString(N) + ">";
3927 // return n;
3928 }
3929
3930 template <class U, class BASE>
3931 struct Impl
3932 : public SumBaseImpl<BASE, U>
3933 {
3934 void update(U const & t)
3935 {
3936 using namespace vigra::multi_math;
3937 this->value_ += pow(abs(t), (int)N);
3938 }
3939
3940 void update(U const & t, double weight)
3941 {
3942 using namespace vigra::multi_math;
3943 this->value_ += weight*pow(abs(t), (int)N);
3944 }
3945 };
3946 };
3947
3948 template <class BASE, class VALUE_TYPE, class U>
3949 struct CachedResultBase
3950 : public BASE
3951 {
3952 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::element_type element_type;
3953 typedef VALUE_TYPE value_type;
3954 typedef value_type const & result_type;
3955
3956 mutable value_type value_;
3957
3958 CachedResultBase()
3959 : value_() // call default constructor explicitly to ensure zero initialization
3960 {}
3961
3962 void reset()
3963 {
3964 value_ = element_type();
3965 this->setClean();
3966 }
3967
3968 template <class Shape>
3969 void reshape(Shape const & s)
3970 {
3971 acc_detail::reshapeImpl(value_, s);
3972 }
3973
3974 void operator+=(CachedResultBase const &)
3975 {
3976 this->setDirty();
3977 }
3978
3979 void update(U const &)
3980 {
3981 this->setDirty();
3982 }
3983
3984 void update(U const &, double)
3985 {
3986 this->setDirty();
3987 }
3988 };
3989
3990 // cached Mean and Variance
3991 /** \brief Modifier. Divide statistic by Count: DivideByCount<TAG> = TAG / Count .
3992 */
3993 template <class TAG>
3994 class DivideByCount
3995 {
3996 public:
3997 typedef typename StandardizeTag<TAG>::type TargetTag;
3998 typedef Select<TargetTag, Count> Dependencies;
3999
4000 static std::string name()
4001 {
4002 return std::string("DivideByCount<") + TargetTag::name() + " >";
4003 // static const std::string n = std::string("DivideByCount<") + TargetTag::name() + " >";
4004 // return n;
4005 }
4006
4007 template <class U, class BASE>
4008 struct Impl
4009 : public CachedResultBase<BASE, typename LookupDependency<TargetTag, BASE>::value_type, U>
4010 {
4011 typedef typename CachedResultBase<BASE, typename LookupDependency<TargetTag, BASE>::value_type, U>::result_type result_type;
4012
4013 result_type operator()() const
4014 {
4015 if(this->isDirty())
4016 {
4017 using namespace multi_math;
4018 this->value_ = getDependency<TargetTag>(*this) / getDependency<Count>(*this);
4019 this->setClean();
4020 }
4021 return this->value_;
4022 }
4023 };
4024 };
4025
4026 // UnbiasedVariance
4027 /** \brief Modifier. Divide statistics by Count-1: DivideUnbiased<TAG> = TAG / (Count-1)
4028 */
4029 template <class TAG>
4030 class DivideUnbiased
4031 {
4032 public:
4033 typedef typename StandardizeTag<TAG>::type TargetTag;
4034 typedef Select<TargetTag, Count> Dependencies;
4035
4036 static std::string name()
4037 {
4038 return std::string("DivideUnbiased<") + TargetTag::name() + " >";
4039 // static const std::string n = std::string("DivideUnbiased<") + TargetTag::name() + " >";
4040 // return n;
4041 }
4042
4043 template <class U, class BASE>
4044 struct Impl
4045 : public BASE
4046 {
4047 typedef typename LookupDependency<TargetTag, BASE>::value_type value_type;
4048 typedef value_type result_type;
4049
4050 result_type operator()() const
4051 {
4052 using namespace multi_math;
4053 return getDependency<TargetTag>(*this) / (getDependency<Count>(*this) - 1.0);
4054 }
4055 };
4056 };
4057
4058 // RootMeanSquares and StdDev
4059 /** \brief Modifier. RootDivideByCount<TAG> = sqrt( TAG/Count )
4060 */
4061 template <class TAG>
4062 class RootDivideByCount
4063 {
4064 public:
4065 typedef typename StandardizeTag<DivideByCount<TAG> >::type TargetTag;
4066 typedef Select<TargetTag> Dependencies;
4067
4068 static std::string name()
4069 {
4070 typedef typename StandardizeTag<TAG>::type InnerTag;
4071 return std::string("RootDivideByCount<") + InnerTag::name() + " >";
4072 // static const std::string n = std::string("RootDivideByCount<") + InnerTag::name() + " >";
4073 // return n;
4074 }
4075
4076 template <class U, class BASE>
4077 struct Impl
4078 : public BASE
4079 {
4080 typedef typename LookupDependency<TargetTag, BASE>::value_type value_type;
4081 typedef value_type result_type;
4082
4083 result_type operator()() const
4084 {
4085 using namespace multi_math;
4086 return sqrt(getDependency<TargetTag>(*this));
4087 }
4088 };
4089 };
4090
4091 // UnbiasedStdDev
4092 /** \brief Modifier. RootDivideUnbiased<TAG> = sqrt( TAG / (Count-1) )
4093 */
4094 template <class TAG>
4095 class RootDivideUnbiased
4096 {
4097 public:
4098 typedef typename StandardizeTag<DivideUnbiased<TAG> >::type TargetTag;
4099 typedef Select<TargetTag> Dependencies;
4100
4101 static std::string name()
4102 {
4103 typedef typename StandardizeTag<TAG>::type InnerTag;
4104 return std::string("RootDivideUnbiased<") + InnerTag::name() + " >";
4105 // static const std::string n = std::string("RootDivideUnbiased<") + InnerTag::name() + " >";
4106 // return n;
4107 }
4108
4109 template <class U, class BASE>
4110 struct Impl
4111 : public BASE
4112 {
4113 typedef typename LookupDependency<TargetTag, BASE>::value_type value_type;
4114 typedef value_type result_type;
4115
4116 result_type operator()() const
4117 {
4118 using namespace multi_math;
4119 return sqrt(getDependency<TargetTag>(*this));
4120 }
4121 };
4122 };
4123
4124 /** \brief Spezialization: works in pass 1, %operator+=() supported (merging supported).
4125 */
4126 template <>
4127 class Central<PowerSum<2> >
4128 {
4129 public:
4130 typedef Select<Mean, Count> Dependencies;
4131
4132 static std::string name()
4133 {
4134 return "Central<PowerSum<2> >";
4135 // static const std::string n("Central<PowerSum<2> >");
4136 // return n;
4137 }
4138
4139 template <class U, class BASE>
4140 struct Impl
4141 : public SumBaseImpl<BASE, U>
4142 {
4143 void operator+=(Impl const & o)
4144 {
4145 using namespace vigra::multi_math;
4146 double n1 = getDependency<Count>(*this), n2 = getDependency<Count>(o);
4147 if(n1 == 0.0)
4148 {
4149 this->value_ = o.value_;
4150 }
4151 else if(n2 != 0.0)
4152 {
4153 this->value_ += o.value_ + n1 * n2 / (n1 + n2) * sq(getDependency<Mean>(*this) - getDependency<Mean>(o));
4154 }
4155 }
4156
4157 void update(U const & t)
4158 {
4159 double n = getDependency<Count>(*this);
4160 if(n > 1.0)
4161 {
4162 using namespace vigra::multi_math;
4163 this->value_ += n / (n - 1.0) * sq(getDependency<Mean>(*this) - t);
4164 }
4165 }
4166
4167 void update(U const & t, double weight)
4168 {
4169 double n = getDependency<Count>(*this);
4170 if(n > weight)
4171 {
4172 using namespace vigra::multi_math;
4173 this->value_ += n / (n - weight) * sq(getDependency<Mean>(*this) - t);
4174 }
4175 }
4176 };
4177 };
4178
4179 /** \brief Specialization: works in pass 2, %operator+=() supported (merging supported).
4180 */
4181 template <>
4182 class Central<PowerSum<3> >
4183 {
4184 public:
4185 typedef Select<Centralize, Count, Mean, Central<PowerSum<2> > > Dependencies;
4186
4187 static std::string name()
4188 {
4189 return "Central<PowerSum<3> >";
4190 // static const std::string n("Central<PowerSum<3> >");
4191 // return n;
4192 }
4193
4194 template <class U, class BASE>
4195 struct Impl
4196 : public SumBaseImpl<BASE, U>
4197 {
4198 typedef typename SumBaseImpl<BASE, U>::value_type value_type;
4199
4200 static const unsigned int workInPass = 2;
4201
4202 void operator+=(Impl const & o)
4203 {
4204 typedef Central<PowerSum<2> > Sum2Tag;
4205
4206 using namespace vigra::multi_math;
4207 double n1 = getDependency<Count>(*this), n2 = getDependency<Count>(o);
4208 if(n1 == 0.0)
4209 {
4210 this->value_ = o.value_;
4211 }
4212 else if(n2 != 0.0)
4213 {
4214 double n = n1 + n2;
4215 double weight = n1 * n2 * (n1 - n2) / sq(n);
4216 value_type delta = getDependency<Mean>(o) - getDependency<Mean>(*this);
4217 this->value_ += o.value_ + weight * pow(delta, 3) +
4218 3.0 / n * delta * (n1 * getDependency<Sum2Tag>(o) - n2 * getDependency<Sum2Tag>(*this));
4219 }
4220 }
4221
4222 void update(U const & t)
4223 {
4224 using namespace vigra::multi_math;
4225 this->value_ += pow(getDependency<Centralize>(*this), 3);
4226 }
4227
4228 void update(U const & t, double weight)
4229 {
4230 using namespace vigra::multi_math;
4231 this->value_ += weight*pow(getDependency<Centralize>(*this), 3);
4232 }
4233 };
4234 };
4235 /** \brief Specialization: works in pass 2, %operator+=() supported (merging supported).
4236 */
4237 template <>
4238 class Central<PowerSum<4> >
4239 {
4240 public:
4241 typedef Select<Centralize, Central<PowerSum<3> > > Dependencies;
4242
4243 static std::string name()
4244 {
4245 return "Central<PowerSum<4> >";
4246 // static const std::string n("Central<PowerSum<4> >");
4247 // return n;
4248 }
4249
4250 template <class U, class BASE>
4251 struct Impl
4252 : public SumBaseImpl<BASE, U>
4253 {
4254 typedef typename SumBaseImpl<BASE, U>::value_type value_type;
4255
4256 static const unsigned int workInPass = 2;
4257
4258 void operator+=(Impl const & o)
4259 {
4260 typedef Central<PowerSum<2> > Sum2Tag;
4261 typedef Central<PowerSum<3> > Sum3Tag;
4262
4263 using namespace vigra::multi_math;
4264 double n1 = getDependency<Count>(*this), n2 = getDependency<Count>(o);
4265 if(n1 == 0.0)
4266 {
4267 this->value_ = o.value_;
4268 }
4269 else if(n2 != 0.0)
4270 {
4271 double n = n1 + n2;
4272 double n1_2 = sq(n1);
4273 double n2_2 = sq(n2);
4274 double n_2 = sq(n);
4275 double weight = n1 * n2 * (n1_2 - n1*n2 + n2_2) / n_2 / n;
4276 value_type delta = getDependency<Mean>(o) - getDependency<Mean>(*this);
4277 this->value_ += o.value_ + weight * pow(delta, 4) +
4278 6.0 / n_2 * sq(delta) * (n1_2 * getDependency<Sum2Tag>(o) + n2_2 * getDependency<Sum2Tag>(*this)) +
4279 4.0 / n * delta * (n1 * getDependency<Sum3Tag>(o) - n2 * getDependency<Sum3Tag>(*this));
4280 }
4281 }
4282
4283 void update(U const & t)
4284 {
4285 using namespace vigra::multi_math;
4286 this->value_ += pow(getDependency<Centralize>(*this), 4);
4287 }
4288
4289 void update(U const & t, double weight)
4290 {
4291 using namespace vigra::multi_math;
4292 this->value_ += weight*pow(getDependency<Centralize>(*this), 4);
4293 }
4294 };
4295 };
4296
4297 /** \brief Basic statistic. Skewness.
4298
4299 %Skewness =@f$ \frac{ \frac{1}{n}\sum_i (x_i-\hat{x})^3 }{ (\frac{1}{n}\sum_i (x_i-\hat{x})^2)^{3/2} } @f$ .
4300 Works in pass 2, %operator+=() supported (merging supported).
4301 */
4302 class Skewness
4303 {
4304 public:
4305 typedef Select<Central<PowerSum<2> >, Central<PowerSum<3> > > Dependencies;
4306
4307 static std::string name()
4308 {
4309 return "Skewness";
4310 // static const std::string n("Skewness");
4311 // return n;
4312 }
4313
4314 template <class U, class BASE>
4315 struct Impl
4316 : public BASE
4317 {
4318 static const unsigned int workInPass = 2;
4319
4320 typedef typename LookupDependency<Central<PowerSum<3> >, BASE>::value_type value_type;
4321 typedef value_type result_type;
4322
4323 result_type operator()() const
4324 {
4325 typedef Central<PowerSum<3> > Sum3;
4326 typedef Central<PowerSum<2> > Sum2;
4327
4328 using namespace multi_math;
4329 return sqrt(getDependency<Count>(*this)) * getDependency<Sum3>(*this) / pow(getDependency<Sum2>(*this), 1.5);
4330 }
4331 };
4332 };
4333
4334 /** \brief Basic statistic. Unbiased Skewness.
4335
4336 Works in pass 2, %operator+=() supported (merging supported).
4337 */
4338 class UnbiasedSkewness
4339 {
4340 public:
4341 typedef Select<Skewness> Dependencies;
4342
4343 static std::string name()
4344 {
4345 return "UnbiasedSkewness";
4346 // static const std::string n("UnbiasedSkewness");
4347 // return n;
4348 }
4349
4350 template <class U, class BASE>
4351 struct Impl
4352 : public BASE
4353 {
4354 static const unsigned int workInPass = 2;
4355
4356 typedef typename LookupDependency<Central<PowerSum<3> >, BASE>::value_type value_type;
4357 typedef value_type result_type;
4358
4359 result_type operator()() const
4360 {
4361 using namespace multi_math;
4362 double n = getDependency<Count>(*this);
4363 return sqrt(n*(n-1.0)) / (n - 2.0) * getDependency<Skewness>(*this);
4364 }
4365 };
4366 };
4367
4368 /** \brief Basic statistic. Kurtosis.
4369
4370 %Kurtosis = @f$ \frac{ \frac{1}{n}\sum_i (x_i-\bar{x})^4 }{
4371 (\frac{1}{n} \sum_i(x_i-\bar{x})^2)^2 } - 3 @f$ .
4372 Works in pass 2, %operator+=() supported (merging supported).
4373 */
4374 class Kurtosis
4375 {
4376 public:
4377 typedef Select<Central<PowerSum<2> >, Central<PowerSum<4> > > Dependencies;
4378
4379 static std::string name()
4380 {
4381 return "Kurtosis";
4382 // static const std::string n("Kurtosis");
4383 // return n;
4384 }
4385
4386 template <class U, class BASE>
4387 struct Impl
4388 : public BASE
4389 {
4390 static const unsigned int workInPass = 2;
4391
4392 typedef typename LookupDependency<Central<PowerSum<4> >, BASE>::value_type value_type;
4393 typedef value_type result_type;
4394
4395 result_type operator()() const
4396 {
4397 typedef Central<PowerSum<4> > Sum4;
4398 typedef Central<PowerSum<2> > Sum2;
4399
4400 using namespace multi_math;
4401 return getDependency<Count>(*this) * getDependency<Sum4>(*this) / sq(getDependency<Sum2>(*this)) - value_type(3.0);
4402 }
4403 };
4404 };
4405
4406 /** \brief Basic statistic. Unbiased Kurtosis.
4407
4408 Works in pass 2, %operator+=() supported (merging supported).
4409 */
4410 class UnbiasedKurtosis
4411 {
4412 public:
4413 typedef Select<Kurtosis> Dependencies;
4414
4415 static std::string name()
4416 {
4417 return "UnbiasedKurtosis";
4418 // static const std::string n("UnbiasedKurtosis");
4419 // return n;
4420 }
4421
4422 template <class U, class BASE>
4423 struct Impl
4424 : public BASE
4425 {
4426 static const unsigned int workInPass = 2;
4427
4428 typedef typename LookupDependency<Central<PowerSum<4> >, BASE>::value_type value_type;
4429 typedef value_type result_type;
4430
4431 result_type operator()() const
4432 {
4433 using namespace multi_math;
4434 double n = getDependency<Count>(*this);
4435 return (n-1.0)/((n-2.0)*(n-3.0))*((n+1.0)*getDependency<Kurtosis>(*this) + value_type(6.0));
4436 }
4437 };
4438 };
4439
4440 namespace acc_detail {
4441
4442 template <class Scatter, class Sum>
4443 void updateFlatScatterMatrix(Scatter & sc, Sum const & s, double w)
4444 {
4445 int size = s.size();
4446 for(MultiArrayIndex j=0, k=0; j<size; ++j)
4447 for(MultiArrayIndex i=j; i<size; ++i, ++k)
4448 sc[k] += w*s[i]*s[j];
4449 }
4450
4451 template <class Sum>
4452 void updateFlatScatterMatrix(double & sc, Sum const & s, double w)
4453 {
4454 sc += w*s*s;
4455 }
4456
4457 template <class Cov, class Scatter>
4458 void flatScatterMatrixToScatterMatrix(Cov & cov, Scatter const & sc)
4459 {
4460 int size = cov.shape(0), k=0;
4461 for(MultiArrayIndex j=0; j<size; ++j)
4462 {
4463 cov(j,j) = sc[k++];
4464 for(MultiArrayIndex i=j+1; i<size; ++i)
4465 {
4466 cov(i,j) = sc[k++];
4467 cov(j,i) = cov(i,j);
4468 }
4469 }
4470 }
4471
4472 template <class Scatter>
4473 void flatScatterMatrixToScatterMatrix(double & cov, Scatter const & sc)
4474 {
4475 cov = sc;
4476 }
4477
4478 template <class Cov, class Scatter>
4479 void flatScatterMatrixToCovariance(Cov & cov, Scatter const & sc, double n)
4480 {
4481 int size = cov.shape(0), k=0;
4482 for(MultiArrayIndex j=0; j<size; ++j)
4483 {
4484 cov(j,j) = sc[k++] / n;
4485 for(MultiArrayIndex i=j+1; i<size; ++i)
4486 {
4487 cov(i,j) = sc[k++] / n;
4488 cov(j,i) = cov(i,j);
4489 }
4490 }
4491 }
4492
4493 template <class Scatter>
4494 void flatScatterMatrixToCovariance(double & cov, Scatter const & sc, double n)
4495 {
4496 cov = sc / n;
4497 }
4498
4499 } // namespace acc_detail
4500
4501 // we only store the flattened upper triangular part of the scatter matrix
4502 /** \brief Basic statistic. Flattened uppter-triangular part of scatter matrix.
4503
4504 Works in pass 1, %operator+=() supported (merging supported).
4505 */
4506 class FlatScatterMatrix
4507 {
4508 public:
4509 typedef Select<Mean, Count> Dependencies;
4510
4511 static std::string name()
4512 {
4513 return "FlatScatterMatrix";
4514 // static const std::string n("FlatScatterMatrix");
4515 // return n;
4516 }
4517
4518 template <class U, class BASE>
4519 struct Impl
4520 : public BASE
4521 {
4522 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::element_promote_type element_type;
4523 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::FlatCovarianceType value_type;
4524 typedef value_type const & result_type;
4525
4526 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::SumType SumType;
4527
4528 value_type value_;
4529 SumType diff_;
4530
4531 Impl()
4532 : value_(), // call default constructor explicitly to ensure zero initialization
4533 diff_()
4534 {}
4535
4536 void reset()
4537 {
4538 value_ = element_type();
4539 }
4540
4541 template <class Shape>
4542 void reshape(Shape const & s)
4543 {
4544 int size = prod(s);
4545 acc_detail::reshapeImpl(value_, Shape1(size*(size+1)/2));
4546 acc_detail::reshapeImpl(diff_, s);
4547 }
4548
4549 void operator+=(Impl const & o)
4550 {
4551 double n1 = getDependency<Count>(*this), n2 = getDependency<Count>(o);
4552 if(n1 == 0.0)
4553 {
4554 value_ = o.value_;
4555 }
4556 else if(n2 != 0.0)
4557 {
4558 using namespace vigra::multi_math;
4559 diff_ = getDependency<Mean>(*this) - getDependency<Mean>(o);
4560 acc_detail::updateFlatScatterMatrix(value_, diff_, n1 * n2 / (n1 + n2));
4561 value_ += o.value_;
4562 }
4563 }
4564
4565 void update(U const & t)
4566 {
4567 compute(t);
4568 }
4569
4570 void update(U const & t, double weight)
4571 {
4572 compute(t, weight);
4573 }
4574
4575 result_type operator()() const
4576 {
4577 return value_;
4578 }
4579
4580 private:
4581 void compute(U const & t, double weight = 1.0)
4582 {
4583 double n = getDependency<Count>(*this);
4584 if(n > weight)
4585 {
4586 using namespace vigra::multi_math;
4587 diff_ = getDependency<Mean>(*this) - t;
4588 acc_detail::updateFlatScatterMatrix(value_, diff_, n * weight / (n - weight));
4589 }
4590 }
4591 };
4592 };
4593
4594 // Covariance
4595 template <>
4596 class DivideByCount<FlatScatterMatrix>
4597 {
4598 public:
4599 typedef Select<FlatScatterMatrix, Count> Dependencies;
4600
4601 static std::string name()
4602 {
4603 return "DivideByCount<FlatScatterMatrix>";
4604 // static const std::string n("DivideByCount<FlatScatterMatrix>");
4605 // return n;
4606 }
4607
4608 template <class U, class BASE>
4609 struct Impl
4610 : public CachedResultBase<BASE, typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::CovarianceType, U>
4611 {
4612 typedef CachedResultBase<BASE, typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::CovarianceType, U> BaseType;
4613 typedef typename BaseType::result_type result_type;
4614
4615 template <class Shape>
4616 void reshape(Shape const & s)
4617 {
4618 int size = prod(s);
4619 acc_detail::reshapeImpl(this->value_, Shape2(size,size));
4620 }
4621
4622 result_type operator()() const
4623 {
4624 if(this->isDirty())
4625 {
4626 acc_detail::flatScatterMatrixToCovariance(this->value_, getDependency<FlatScatterMatrix>(*this), getDependency<Count>(*this));
4627 this->setClean();
4628 }
4629 return this->value_;
4630 }
4631 };
4632 };
4633
4634 // UnbiasedCovariance
4635 template <>
4636 class DivideUnbiased<FlatScatterMatrix>
4637 {
4638 public:
4639 typedef Select<FlatScatterMatrix, Count> Dependencies;
4640
4641 static std::string name()
4642 {
4643 return "DivideUnbiased<FlatScatterMatrix>";
4644 // static const std::string n("DivideUnbiased<FlatScatterMatrix>");
4645 // return n;
4646 }
4647
4648 template <class U, class BASE>
4649 struct Impl
4650 : public CachedResultBase<BASE, typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::CovarianceType, U>
4651 {
4652 typedef CachedResultBase<BASE, typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::CovarianceType, U> BaseType;
4653 typedef typename BaseType::result_type result_type;
4654
4655 template <class Shape>
4656 void reshape(Shape const & s)
4657 {
4658 int size = prod(s);
4659 acc_detail::reshapeImpl(this->value_, Shape2(size,size));
4660 }
4661
4662 result_type operator()() const
4663 {
4664 if(this->isDirty())
4665 {
4666 acc_detail::flatScatterMatrixToCovariance(this->value_, getDependency<FlatScatterMatrix>(*this), getDependency<Count>(*this) - 1.0);
4667 this->setClean();
4668 }
4669 return this->value_;
4670 }
4671 };
4672 };
4673
4674 /** Basic statistic. ScatterMatrixEigensystem (?)
4675 */
4676 class ScatterMatrixEigensystem
4677 {
4678 public:
4679 typedef Select<FlatScatterMatrix> Dependencies;
4680
4681 static std::string name()
4682 {
4683 return "ScatterMatrixEigensystem";
4684 // static const std::string n("ScatterMatrixEigensystem");
4685 // return n;
4686 }
4687
4688 template <class U, class BASE>
4689 struct Impl
4690 : public BASE
4691 {
4692 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::element_promote_type element_type;
4693 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::SumType EigenvalueType;
4694 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::CovarianceType EigenvectorType;
4695 typedef std::pair<EigenvalueType, EigenvectorType> value_type;
4696 typedef value_type const & result_type;
4697
4698 mutable value_type value_;
4699
4700 Impl()
4701 : value_()
4702 {}
4703
4704 void operator+=(Impl const & o)
4705 {
4706 if(!acc_detail::hasDataImpl(value_.second))
4707 {
4708 acc_detail::copyShapeImpl(o.value_.first, value_.first);
4709 acc_detail::copyShapeImpl(o.value_.second, value_.second);
4710 }
4711 this->setDirty();
4712 }
4713
4714 void update(U const &)
4715 {
4716 this->setDirty();
4717 }
4718
4719 void update(U const &, double)
4720 {
4721 this->setDirty();
4722 }
4723
4724 void reset()
4725 {
4726 value_.first = element_type();
4727 value_.second = element_type();
4728 this->setClean();
4729 }
4730
4731 template <class Shape>
4732 void reshape(Shape const & s)
4733 {
4734 int size = prod(s);
4735 acc_detail::reshapeImpl(value_.first, Shape1(size));
4736 acc_detail::reshapeImpl(value_.second, Shape2(size,size));
4737 }
4738
4739 result_type operator()() const
4740 {
4741 if(this->isDirty())
4742 {
4743 compute(getDependency<FlatScatterMatrix>(*this), value_.first, value_.second);
4744 this->setClean();
4745 }
4746 return value_;
4747 }
4748
4749 private:
4750 template <class Flat, class EW, class EV>
4751 static void compute(Flat const & flatScatter, EW & ew, EV & ev)
4752 {
4753 EigenvectorType scatter(ev.shape());
4754 acc_detail::flatScatterMatrixToScatterMatrix(scatter, flatScatter);
4755 // create a view because EW could be a TinyVector
4756 MultiArrayView<2, element_type> ewview(Shape2(ev.shape(0), 1), &ew[0]);
4757 symmetricEigensystem(scatter, ewview, ev);
4758 }
4759
4760 static void compute(double v, double & ew, double & ev)
4761 {
4762 ew = v;
4763 ev = 1.0;
4764 }
4765 };
4766 };
4767
4768 // CovarianceEigensystem
4769 template <>
4770 class DivideByCount<ScatterMatrixEigensystem>
4771 {
4772 public:
4773 typedef Select<ScatterMatrixEigensystem, Count> Dependencies;
4774
4775 static std::string name()
4776 {
4777 return "DivideByCount<ScatterMatrixEigensystem>";
4778 // static const std::string n("DivideByCount<ScatterMatrixEigensystem>");
4779 // return n;
4780 }
4781
4782 template <class U, class BASE>
4783 struct Impl
4784 : public BASE
4785 {
4786 typedef typename LookupDependency<ScatterMatrixEigensystem, BASE>::type SMImpl;
4787 typedef typename SMImpl::element_type element_type;
4788 typedef typename SMImpl::EigenvalueType EigenvalueType;
4789 typedef typename SMImpl::EigenvectorType EigenvectorType;
4790 typedef std::pair<EigenvalueType, EigenvectorType const &> value_type;
4791 typedef value_type const & result_type;
4792
4793 mutable value_type value_;
4794
4795 Impl()
4796 : value_(EigenvalueType(), BASE::template call_getDependency<ScatterMatrixEigensystem>().second)
4797 {}
4798
4799 void operator+=(Impl const &)
4800 {
4801 this->setDirty();
4802 }
4803
4804 void update(U const &)
4805 {
4806 this->setDirty();
4807 }
4808
4809 void update(U const &, double)
4810 {
4811 this->setDirty();
4812 }
4813
4814 void reset()
4815 {
4816 value_.first = element_type();
4817 this->setClean();
4818 }
4819
4820 template <class Shape>
4821 void reshape(Shape const & s)
4822 {
4823 int size = prod(s);
4824 acc_detail::reshapeImpl(value_.first, Shape2(size,1));
4825 }
4826
4827 result_type operator()() const
4828 {
4829 if(this->isDirty())
4830 {
4831 value_.first = getDependency<ScatterMatrixEigensystem>(*this).first / getDependency<Count>(*this);
4832 this->setClean();
4833 }
4834 return value_;
4835 }
4836 };
4837 };
4838
4839 // alternative implementation of CovarianceEigensystem - solve eigensystem directly
4840 //
4841 // template <>
4842 // class DivideByCount<ScatterMatrixEigensystem>
4843 // {
4844 // public:
4845 // typedef Select<Covariance> Dependencies;
4846
4847 // template <class U, class BASE>
4848 // struct Impl
4849 // : public BASE
4850 // {
4851 // typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::element_promote_type element_type;
4852 // typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::SumType EigenvalueType;
4853 // typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::CovarianceType EigenvectorType;
4854 // typedef std::pair<EigenvalueType, EigenvectorType> value_type;
4855 // typedef value_type const & result_type;
4856
4857 // mutable value_type value_;
4858
4859 // Impl()
4860 // : value_()
4861 // {}
4862
4863 // void operator+=(Impl const &)
4864 // {
4865 // this->setDirty();
4866 // }
4867
4868 // void update(U const &)
4869 // {
4870 // this->setDirty();
4871 // }
4872
4873 // void update(U const &, double)
4874 // {
4875 // this->setDirty();
4876 // }
4877
4878 // void reset()
4879 // {
4880 // value_.first = element_type();
4881 // value_.second = element_type();
4882 // this->setClean();
4883 // }
4884
4885 // template <class Shape>
4886 // void reshape(Shape const & s)
4887 // {
4888 // int size = prod(s);
4889 // acc_detail::reshapeImpl(value_.first, Shape2(size,1));
4890 // acc_detail::reshapeImpl(value_.second, Shape2(size,size));
4891 // }
4892
4893 // result_type operator()() const
4894 // {
4895 // if(this->isDirty())
4896 // {
4897 // compute(getDependency<Covariance>(*this), value_.first, value_.second);
4898 // this->setClean();
4899 // }
4900 // return value_;
4901 // }
4902
4903 // private:
4904 // template <class Cov, class EW, class EV>
4905 // static void compute(Cov const & cov, EW & ew, EV & ev)
4906 // {
4907 // // create a view because EW could be a TinyVector
4908 // MultiArrayView<2, element_type> ewview(Shape2(cov.shape(0), 1), &ew[0]);
4909 // symmetricEigensystem(cov, ewview, ev);
4910 // }
4911
4912 // static void compute(double cov, double & ew, double & ev)
4913 // {
4914 // ew = cov;
4915 // ev = 1.0;
4916 // }
4917 // };
4918 // };
4919
4920 // covariance eigenvalues
4921 /** \brief Specialization (covariance eigenvalues): works in pass 1, %operator+=() supported (merging).
4922 */
4923 template <>
4924 class Principal<PowerSum<2> >
4925 {
4926 public:
4927 typedef Select<ScatterMatrixEigensystem> Dependencies;
4928
4929 static std::string name()
4930 {
4931 return "Principal<PowerSum<2> >";
4932 // static const std::string n("Principal<PowerSum<2> >");
4933 // return n;
4934 }
4935
4936 template <class U, class BASE>
4937 struct Impl
4938 : public BASE
4939 {
4940 typedef typename LookupDependency<ScatterMatrixEigensystem, BASE>::type::EigenvalueType value_type;
4941 typedef value_type const & result_type;
4942
4943 result_type operator()() const
4944 {
4945 return getDependency<ScatterMatrixEigensystem>(*this).first;
4946 }
4947 };
4948 };
4949
4950
4951 // Principal<CoordinateSystem> == covariance eigenvectors
4952 /** \brief Specialization (covariance eigenvectors): works in pass 1, %operator+=() supported (merging).
4953 */
4954 template <>
4955 class Principal<CoordinateSystem>
4956 {
4957 public:
4958 typedef Select<ScatterMatrixEigensystem> Dependencies;
4959
4960 static std::string name()
4961 {
4962 return "Principal<CoordinateSystem>";
4963 // static const std::string n("Principal<CoordinateSystem>");
4964 // return n;
4965 }
4966
4967 template <class U, class BASE>
4968 struct Impl
4969 : public BASE
4970 {
4971 typedef typename LookupDependency<ScatterMatrixEigensystem, BASE>::type::EigenvectorType value_type;
4972 typedef value_type const & result_type;
4973
4974 result_type operator()() const
4975 {
4976 return getDependency<ScatterMatrixEigensystem>(*this).second;
4977 }
4978 };
4979 };
4980
4981 /** \brief Basic statistic. %Minimum value.
4982
4983 Works in pass 1, %operator+=() supported (merging supported).
4984 */
4985 class Minimum
4986 {
4987 public:
4988 typedef Select<> Dependencies;
4989
4990 static std::string name()
4991 {
4992 return "Minimum";
4993 // static const std::string n("Minimum");
4994 // return n;
4995 }
4996
4997 template <class U, class BASE>
4998 struct Impl
4999 : public BASE
5000 {
5001 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::element_type element_type;
5002 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::MinmaxType value_type;
5003 typedef value_type const & result_type;
5004
5005 value_type value_;
5006
5007 Impl()
5008 {
5009 value_ = NumericTraits<element_type>::max();
5010 }
5011
5012 void reset()
5013 {
5014 value_ = NumericTraits<element_type>::max();
5015 }
5016
5017 template <class Shape>
5018 void reshape(Shape const & s)
5019 {
5020 acc_detail::reshapeImpl(value_, s, NumericTraits<element_type>::max());
5021 }
5022
5023 void operator+=(Impl const & o)
5024 {
5025 updateImpl(o.value_); // necessary because std::min causes ambiguous overload
5026 }
5027
5028 void update(U const & t)
5029 {
5030 updateImpl(t);
5031 }
5032
5033 void update(U const & t, double)
5034 {
5035 updateImpl(t);
5036 }
5037
5038 result_type operator()() const
5039 {
5040 return value_;
5041 }
5042
5043 private:
5044 template <class T>
5045 void updateImpl(T const & o)
5046 {
5047 using namespace multi_math;
5048 value_ = min(value_, o);
5049 }
5050
5051 template <class T, class Alloc>
5052 void updateImpl(MultiArray<1, T, Alloc> const & o)
5053 {
5054 value_ = multi_math::min(value_, o);
5055 }
5056 };
5057 };
5058
5059 /** \brief Basic statistic. %Maximum value.
5060
5061 Works in pass 1, %operator+=() supported (merging supported).
5062 */
5063 class Maximum
5064 {
5065 public:
5066 typedef Select<> Dependencies;
5067
5068 static std::string name()
5069 {
5070 return "Maximum";
5071 // static const std::string n("Maximum");
5072 // return n;
5073 }
5074
5075 template <class U, class BASE>
5076 struct Impl
5077 : public BASE
5078 {
5079 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::element_type element_type;
5080 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::MinmaxType value_type;
5081 typedef value_type const & result_type;
5082
5083 value_type value_;
5084
5085 Impl()
5086 {
5087 value_ = NumericTraits<element_type>::min();
5088 }
5089
5090 void reset()
5091 {
5092 value_ = NumericTraits<element_type>::min();
5093 }
5094
5095 template <class Shape>
5096 void reshape(Shape const & s)
5097 {
5098 acc_detail::reshapeImpl(value_, s, NumericTraits<element_type>::min());
5099 }
5100
5101 void operator+=(Impl const & o)
5102 {
5103 updateImpl(o.value_); // necessary because std::max causes ambiguous overload
5104 }
5105
5106 void update(U const & t)
5107 {
5108 updateImpl(t);
5109 }
5110
5111 void update(U const & t, double)
5112 {
5113 updateImpl(t);
5114 }
5115
5116 result_type operator()() const
5117 {
5118 return value_;
5119 }
5120
5121 private:
5122 template <class T>
5123 void updateImpl(T const & o)
5124 {
5125 using namespace multi_math;
5126 value_ = max(value_, o);
5127 }
5128
5129 template <class T, class Alloc>
5130 void updateImpl(MultiArray<1, T, Alloc> const & o)
5131 {
5132 value_ = multi_math::max(value_, o);
5133 }
5134 };
5135 };
5136
5137 /** \brief Basic statistic. Data value where weight assumes its minimal value.
5138
5139 Weights must be given. Coord<ArgMinWeight> gives coordinate where weight assumes its minimal value. Works in pass 1, %operator+=() supported (merging supported).
5140 */
5141 class ArgMinWeight
5142 {
5143 public:
5144 typedef Select<> Dependencies;
5145
5146 static std::string name()
5147 {
5148 return "ArgMinWeight";
5149 // static const std::string n("ArgMinWeight");
5150 // return n;
5151 }
5152
5153 template <class U, class BASE>
5154 struct Impl
5155 : public BASE
5156 {
5157 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::element_type element_type;
5158 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::MinmaxType value_type;
5159 typedef value_type const & result_type;
5160
5161 double min_weight_;
5162 value_type value_;
5163
5164 Impl()
5165 : min_weight_(NumericTraits<double>::max()),
5166 value_()
5167 {}
5168
5169 void reset()
5170 {
5171 min_weight_ = NumericTraits<double>::max();
5172 value_ = element_type();
5173 }
5174
5175 template <class Shape>
5176 void reshape(Shape const & s)
5177 {
5178 acc_detail::reshapeImpl(value_, s);
5179 }
5180
5181 void operator+=(Impl const & o)
5182 {
5183 using namespace multi_math;
5184 if(o.min_weight_ < min_weight_)
5185 {
5186 min_weight_ = o.min_weight_;
5187 value_ = o.value_;
5188 }
5189 }
5190
5191 void update(U const & t)
5192 {
5193 vigra_precondition(false, "ArgMinWeight::update() needs weights.");
5194 }
5195
5196 void update(U const & t, double weight)
5197 {
5198 if(weight < min_weight_)
5199 {
5200 min_weight_ = weight;
5201 value_ = t;
5202 }
5203 }
5204
5205 result_type operator()() const
5206 {
5207 return value_;
5208 }
5209 };
5210 };
5211
5212 /** \brief Basic statistic. Data where weight assumes its maximal value.
5213
5214 Weights must be given. Coord<ArgMinWeight> gives coordinate where weight assumes its maximal value. Works in pass 1, %operator+=() supported (merging supported).
5215 */
5216 class ArgMaxWeight
5217 {
5218 public:
5219 typedef Select<> Dependencies;
5220
5221 static std::string name()
5222 {
5223 return "ArgMaxWeight";
5224 // static const std::string n("ArgMaxWeight");
5225 // return n;
5226 }
5227
5228 template <class U, class BASE>
5229 struct Impl
5230 : public BASE
5231 {
5232 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::element_type element_type;
5233 typedef typename AccumulatorResultTraits<U>::MinmaxType value_type;
5234 typedef value_type const & result_type;
5235
5236 double max_weight_;
5237 value_type value_;
5238
5239 Impl()
5240 : max_weight_(NumericTraits<double>::min()),
5241 value_()
5242 {}
5243
5244 void reset()
5245 {
5246 max_weight_ = NumericTraits<double>::min();
5247 value_ = element_type();
5248 }
5249
5250 template <class Shape>
5251 void reshape(Shape const & s)
5252 {
5253 acc_detail::reshapeImpl(value_, s);
5254 }
5255
5256 void operator+=(Impl const & o)
5257 {
5258 using namespace multi_math;
5259 if(o.max_weight_ > max_weight_)
5260 {
5261 max_weight_ = o.max_weight_;
5262 value_ = o.value_;
5263 }
5264 }
5265
5266 void update(U const & t)
5267 {
5268 vigra_precondition(false, "ArgMaxWeight::update() needs weights.");
5269 }
5270
5271 void update(U const & t, double weight)
5272 {
5273 if(weight > max_weight_)
5274 {
5275 max_weight_ = weight;
5276 value_ = t;
5277 }
5278 }
5279
5280 result_type operator()() const
5281 {
5282 return value_;
5283 }
5284 };
5285 };
5286
5287
5288 template <class BASE, int BinCount>
5289 class HistogramBase
5290 : public BASE
5291 {
5292 public:
5293
5294 typedef double element_type;
5295 typedef TinyVector<double, BinCount> value_type;
5296 typedef value_type const & result_type;
5297
5298 value_type value_;
5299 double left_outliers, right_outliers;
5300
5301 HistogramBase()
5302 : value_(),
5303 left_outliers(),
5304 right_outliers()
5305 {}
5306
5307 void reset()
5308 {
5309 value_ = element_type();
5310 left_outliers = 0.0;
5311 right_outliers = 0.0;
5312 }
5313
5314 void operator+=(HistogramBase const & o)
5315 {
5316 value_ += o.value_;
5317 left_outliers += o.left_outliers;
5318 right_outliers += o.right_outliers;
5319 }
5320
5321 result_type operator()() const
5322 {
5323 return value_;
5324 }
5325 };
5326
5327 template <class BASE>
5328 class HistogramBase<BASE, 0>
5329 : public BASE
5330 {
5331 public:
5332
5333 typedef double element_type;
5334 typedef MultiArray<1, double> value_type;
5335 typedef value_type const & result_type;
5336
5337 value_type value_;
5338 double left_outliers, right_outliers;
5339
5340 HistogramBase()
5341 : value_(),
5342 left_outliers(),
5343 right_outliers()
5344 {}
5345
5346 void reset()
5347 {
5348 value_ = element_type();
5349 left_outliers = 0.0;
5350 right_outliers = 0.0;
5351 }
5352
5353 void operator+=(HistogramBase const & o)
5354 {
5355 if(value_.size() == 0)
5356 {
5357 value_ = o.value_;
5358 }
5359 else if(o.value_.size() > 0)
5360 {
5361 vigra_precondition(value_.size() == o.value_.size(),
5362 "HistogramBase::operator+=(): bin counts must be equal.");
5363 value_ += o.value_;
5364 }
5365 left_outliers += o.left_outliers;
5366 right_outliers += o.right_outliers;
5367 }
5368
5369 void setBinCount(int binCount)
5370 {
5371 vigra_precondition(binCount > 0,
5372 "HistogramBase:.setBinCount(): binCount > 0 required.");
5373 value_type(Shape1(binCount)).swap(value_);
5374 }
5375
5376 result_type operator()() const
5377 {
5378 return value_;
5379 }
5380 };
5381
5382 template <class BASE, int BinCount, class U=typename BASE::input_type>
5383 class RangeHistogramBase
5384 : public HistogramBase<BASE, BinCount>
5385 {
5386 public:
5387 double scale_, offset_, inverse_scale_;
5388
5389 RangeHistogramBase()
5390 : scale_(),
5391 offset_(),
5392 inverse_scale_()
5393 {}
5394
5395 void reset()
5396 {
5397 scale_ = 0.0;
5398 offset_ = 0.0;
5399 inverse_scale_ = 0.0;
5400 HistogramBase<BASE, BinCount>::reset();
5401 }
5402
5403 void operator+=(RangeHistogramBase const & o)
5404 {
5405 vigra_precondition(scale_ == 0.0 || o.scale_ == 0.0 || (scale_ == o.scale_ && offset_ == o.offset_),
5406 "RangeHistogramBase::operator+=(): cannot merge histograms with different data mapping.");
5407
5408 HistogramBase<BASE, BinCount>::operator+=(o);
5409 if(scale_ == 0.0)
5410 {
5411 scale_ = o.scale_;
5412 offset_ = o.offset_;
5413 inverse_scale_ = o.inverse_scale_;
5414 }
5415 }
5416
5417 void update(U const & t)
5418 {
5419 update(t, 1.0);
5420 }
5421
5422 void update(U const & t, double weight)
5423 {
5424 double m = mapItem(t);
5425 int index = (m == (double)this->value_.size())
5426 ? (int)m - 1
5427 : (int)m;
5428 if(index < 0)
5429 this->left_outliers += weight;
5430 else if(index >= (int)this->value_.size())
5431 this->right_outliers += weight;
5432 else
5433 this->value_[index] += weight;
5434 }
5435
5436 void setMinMax(double mi, double ma)
5437 {
5438 vigra_precondition(this->value_.size() > 0,
5439 "RangeHistogramBase::setMinMax(...): setBinCount(...) has not been called.");
5440 vigra_precondition(mi < ma,
5441 "RangeHistogramBase::setMinMax(...): min < max required.");
5442 offset_ = mi;
5443 scale_ = (double)this->value_.size() / (ma - mi);
5444 inverse_scale_ = 1.0 / scale_;
5445 }
5446
5447 double mapItem(double t) const
5448 {
5449 return scale_ * (t - offset_);
5450 }
5451
5452 double mapItemInverse(double t) const
5453 {
5454 return inverse_scale_ * t + offset_;
5455 }
5456
5457 template <class ArrayLike>
5458 void computeStandardQuantiles(double minimum, double maximum, double count,
5459 ArrayLike const & desiredQuantiles, ArrayLike & res) const
5460 {
5461 if(count == 0.0) {
5462 return;
5463 }
5464
5465 ArrayVector<double> keypoints, cumhist;
5466 double mappedMinimum = mapItem(minimum);
5467 double mappedMaximum = mapItem(maximum);
5468
5469 keypoints.push_back(mappedMinimum);
5470 cumhist.push_back(0.0);
5471
5472 if(this->left_outliers > 0.0)
5473 {
5474 keypoints.push_back(0.0);
5475 cumhist.push_back(this->left_outliers);
5476 }
5477
5478 int size = (int)this->value_.size();
5479 double cumulative = this->left_outliers;
5480 for(int k=0; k<size; ++k)
5481 {
5482 if(this->value_[k] > 0.0)
5483 {
5484 if(keypoints.back() <= k)
5485 {
5486 keypoints.push_back(k);
5487 cumhist.push_back(cumulative);
5488 }
5489 cumulative += this->value_[k];
5490 keypoints.push_back(k+1);
5491 cumhist.push_back(cumulative);
5492 }
5493 }
5494
5495 if(this->right_outliers > 0.0)
5496 {
5497 if(keypoints.back() != size)
5498 {
5499 keypoints.push_back(size);
5500 cumhist.push_back(cumulative);
5501 }
5502 keypoints.push_back(mappedMaximum);
5503 cumhist.push_back(count);
5504 }
5505 else
5506 {
5507 keypoints.back() = mappedMaximum;
5508 cumhist.back() = count;
5509 }
5510
5511 int quantile = 0, end = (int)desiredQuantiles.size();
5512
5513 if(desiredQuantiles[0] == 0.0)
5514 {
5515 res[0] = minimum;
5516 ++quantile;
5517 }
5518 if(desiredQuantiles[end-1] == 1.0)
5519 {
5520 res[end-1] = maximum;
5521 --end;
5522 }
5523
5524 int point = 0;
5525 double qcount = count * desiredQuantiles[quantile];
5526 while(quantile < end)
5527 {
5528 if(cumhist[point] < qcount && cumhist[point+1] >= qcount)
5529 {
5530 double t = (qcount - cumhist[point]) / (cumhist[point+1] - cumhist[point]) * (keypoints[point+1] - keypoints[point]);
5531 res[quantile] = mapItemInverse(t + keypoints[point]);
5532 ++quantile;
5533 qcount = count * desiredQuantiles[quantile];
5534 }
5535 else
5536 {
5537 ++point;
5538 }
5539 }
5540 }
5541 };
5542
5543 /** \brief Histogram where data values are equal to bin indices.
5544
5545 - If BinCount != 0, the return type of the accumulator is TinyVector<double, BinCount> .
5546 - If BinCount == 0, the return type of the accumulator is MultiArray<1, double> . BinCount can be set by calling getAccumulator<IntegerHistogram<0> >(acc_chain).setBinCount(bincount).
5547 - Outliers can be accessed via getAccumulator<IntegerHistogram<Bincount>>(a).left_outliers and getAccumulator<...>(acc_chain).right_outliers.
5548 - Note that histogram options (for all histograms in the accumulator chain) can also be set by passing an instance of HistogramOptions to the accumulator chain via acc_chain.setHistogramOptions().
5549 Works in pass 1, %operator+=() supported (merging supported).
5550 */
5551 template <int BinCount>
5552 class IntegerHistogram
5553 {
5554 public:
5555
5556 typedef Select<> Dependencies;
5557
5558 static std::string name()
5559 {
5560 return std::string("IntegerHistogram<") + asString(BinCount) + ">";
5561 // static const std::string n = std::string("IntegerHistogram<") + asString(BinCount) + ">";
5562 // return n;
5563 }
5564
5565 template <class U, class BASE>
5566 struct Impl
5567 : public HistogramBase<BASE, BinCount>
5568 {
5569 void update(int index)
5570 {
5571 if(index < 0)
5572 ++this->left_outliers;
5573 else if(index >= (int)this->value_.size())
5574 ++this->right_outliers;
5575 else
5576 ++this->value_[index];
5577 }
5578
5579 void update(int index, double weight)
5580 {
5581 // cannot compute quantile from weighted integer histograms,
5582 // so force people to use UserRangeHistogram or AutoRangeHistogram
5583 vigra_precondition(false, "IntegerHistogram::update(): weighted histograms not supported, use another histogram type.");
5584 }
5585
5586 template <class ArrayLike>
5587 void computeStandardQuantiles(double minimum, double maximum, double count,
5588 ArrayLike const & desiredQuantiles, ArrayLike & res) const
5589 {
5590 int quantile = 0, end = (int)desiredQuantiles.size();
5591
5592 if(desiredQuantiles[0] == 0.0)
5593 {
5594 res[0] = minimum;
5595 ++quantile;
5596 }
5597 if(desiredQuantiles[end-1] == 1.0)
5598 {
5599 res[end-1] = maximum;
5600 --end;
5601 }
5602
5603 count -= 1.0;
5604 int currentBin = 0, size = (int)this->value_.size();
5605 double cumulative1 = this->left_outliers,
5606 cumulative2 = this->value_[currentBin] + cumulative1;
5607
5608 // add a to the quantiles to account for the fact that counting
5609 // corresponds to 1-based indexing (one element == index 1)
5610 double qcount = desiredQuantiles[quantile]*count + 1.0;
5611
5612 while(quantile < end)
5613 {
5614 if(cumulative2 == qcount)
5615 {
5616 res[quantile] = currentBin;
5617 ++quantile;
5618 qcount = desiredQuantiles[quantile]*count + 1.0;
5619 }
5620 else if(cumulative2 > qcount)
5621 {
5622 if(cumulative1 > qcount) // in left_outlier bin
5623 {
5624 res[quantile] = minimum;
5625 }
5626 if(cumulative1 + 1.0 > qcount) // between bins
5627 {
5628 res[quantile] = currentBin - 1 + qcount - std::floor(qcount);
5629 }
5630 else // standard case
5631 {
5632 res[quantile] = currentBin;
5633 }
5634 ++quantile;
5635 qcount = desiredQuantiles[quantile]*count + 1.0;
5636 }
5637 else if(currentBin == size-1) // in right outlier bin
5638 {
5639 res[quantile] = maximum;
5640 ++quantile;
5641 qcount = desiredQuantiles[quantile]*count + 1.0;
5642 }
5643 else
5644 {
5645 ++currentBin;
5646 cumulative1 = cumulative2;
5647 cumulative2 += this->value_[currentBin];
5648 }
5649 }
5650 }
5651 };
5652 };
5653
5654 /** \brief Histogram where user provides bounds for linear range mapping from values to indices.
5655
5656 - If BinCount != 0, the return type of the accumulator is TinyVector<double, BinCount> .
5657 - If BinCount == 0, the return type of the accumulator is MultiArray<1, double> . BinCount can be set by calling getAccumulator<UserRangeHistogram<0> >(acc_chain).setBinCount(bincount).
5658 - Bounds for the mapping (min/max) must be set before seeing data by calling getAccumulator<UserRangeHistogram<BinCount> >.setMinMax(min, max).
5659 - Options can also be passed to the accumulator chain via an instance of HistogramOptions .
5660 - Works in pass 1, %operator+=() is supported (merging) if both histograms have the same data mapping.
5661 - Outliers can be accessed via getAccumulator<...>(a).left_outliers and getAccumulator<...>(a).right_outliers.
5662 - Note that histogram options (for all histograms in the accumulator chain) can also be set by passing an instance of HistogramOptions to the accumulator chain via acc_chain.setHistogramOptions().
5663 */
5664 template <int BinCount>
5665 class UserRangeHistogram
5666 {
5667 public:
5668
5669 typedef Select<> Dependencies;
5670
5671 static std::string name()
5672 {
5673 return std::string("UserRangeHistogram<") + asString(BinCount) + ">";
5674 // static const std::string n = std::string("UserRangeHistogram<") + asString(BinCount) + ">";
5675 // return n;
5676 }
5677
5678 template <class U, class BASE>
5679 struct Impl
5680 : public RangeHistogramBase<BASE, BinCount, U>
5681 {
5682 void update(U const & t)
5683 {
5684 update(t, 1.0);
5685 }
5686
5687 void update(U const & t, double weight)
5688 {
5689 vigra_precondition(this->scale_ != 0.0,
5690 "UserRangeHistogram::update(): setMinMax(...) has not been called.");
5691
5692 RangeHistogramBase<BASE, BinCount, U>::update(t, weight);
5693 }
5694 };
5695 };
5696
5697 /** \brief Histogram where range mapping bounds are defined by minimum and maximum of data.
5698
5699 - If BinCount != 0, the return type of the accumulator is TinyVector<double, BinCount> .
5700 - If BinCount == 0, the return type of the accumulator is MultiArray<1, double> . BinCount can be set by calling getAccumulator<AutoRangeHistogram>(acc_chain).setBinCount(bincount).
5701 - Becomes a UserRangeHistogram if min/max is set.
5702 - Works in pass 2, %operator+=() is supported (merging) if both histograms have the same data mapping.
5703 - Outliers can be accessed via getAccumulator<...>(acc_chain).left_outliers and getAccumulator<...>(acc_chain).right_outliers .
5704 - Note that histogram options (for all histograms in the accumulator chain) can also be set by passing an instance of HistogramOptions to the accumulator chain via acc_chain.setHistogramOptions().
5705 */
5706 template <int BinCount>
5707 class AutoRangeHistogram
5708 {
5709 public:
5710
5711 typedef Select<Minimum, Maximum> Dependencies;
5712
5713 static std::string name()
5714 {
5715 return std::string("AutoRangeHistogram<") + asString(BinCount) + ">";
5716 // static const std::string n = std::string("AutoRangeHistogram<") + asString(BinCount) + ">";
5717 // return n;
5718 }
5719
5720 template <class U, class BASE>
5721 struct Impl
5722 : public RangeHistogramBase<BASE, BinCount, U>
5723 {
5724 static const unsigned int workInPass = LookupDependency<Minimum, BASE>::type::workInPass + 1;
5725
5726 void update(U const & t)
5727 {
5728 update(t, 1.0);
5729 }
5730
5731 void update(U const & t, double weight)
5732 {
5733 if(this->scale_ == 0.0)
5734 this->setMinMax(getDependency<Minimum>(*this), getDependency<Maximum>(*this));
5735
5736 RangeHistogramBase<BASE, BinCount, U>::update(t, weight);
5737 }
5738 };
5739 };
5740
5741 /** \brief Like AutoRangeHistogram, but use global min/max rather than region min/max.
5742
5743 - If BinCount != 0, the return type of the accumulator is TinyVector<double, BinCount> .
5744 - If BinCount == 0, the return type of the accumulator is MultiArray<1, double> . BinCount can be set by calling getAccumulator<GlobalRangeHistogram<0>>(acc_chain).setBinCount(bincount).
5745 - Becomes a UserRangeHistogram if min/max is set.
5746 - Works in pass 2, %operator+=() is supported (merging) if both histograms have the same data mapping.
5747 - Outliers can be accessed via getAccumulator<GlobalRangeHistogram<Bincount>>(acc_chain).left_outliers and getAccumulator<...>(acc_chain).right_outliers .
5748 - Histogram options (for all histograms in the accumulator chain) can also be set by passing an instance of HistogramOptions to the accumulator chain via acc_chain.setHistogramOptions().
5749 */
5750 template <int BinCount>
5751 class GlobalRangeHistogram
5752 {
5753 public:
5754
5755 typedef Select<Global<Minimum>, Global<Maximum>, Minimum, Maximum> Dependencies;
5756
5757 static std::string name()
5758 {
5759 return std::string("GlobalRangeHistogram<") + asString(BinCount) + ">";
5760 // static const std::string n = std::string("GlobalRangeHistogram<") + asString(BinCount) + ">";
5761 // return n;
5762 }
5763
5764 template <class U, class BASE>
5765 struct Impl
5766 : public RangeHistogramBase<BASE, BinCount, U>
5767 {
5768 static const unsigned int workInPass = LookupDependency<Minimum, BASE>::type::workInPass + 1;
5769
5770 bool useLocalMinimax_;
5771
5772 Impl()
5773 : useLocalMinimax_(false)
5774 {}
5775
5776 void setRegionAutoInit(bool locally)
5777 {
5778 this->scale_ = 0.0;
5779 useLocalMinimax_ = locally;
5780 }
5781
5782 void update(U const & t)
5783 {
5784 update(t, 1.0);
5785 }
5786
5787 void update(U const & t, double weight)
5788 {
5789 if(this->scale_ == 0.0)
5790 {
5791 if(useLocalMinimax_)
5792 this->setMinMax(getDependency<Minimum>(*this), getDependency<Maximum>(*this));
5793 else
5794 this->setMinMax(getDependency<Global<Minimum> >(*this), getDependency<Global<Maximum> >(*this));
5795 }
5796
5797 RangeHistogramBase<BASE, BinCount, U>::update(t, weight);
5798 }
5799 };
5800 };
5801
5802 /** \brief Compute (0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, 100%) quantiles from given histogram.
5803
5804 Return type is TinyVector<double, 7> .
5805 */
5806 template <class HistogramAccumulator>
5807 class StandardQuantiles
5808 {
5809 public:
5810
5811 typedef typename StandardizeTag<HistogramAccumulator>::type HistogramTag;
5812 typedef Select<HistogramTag, Minimum, Maximum, Count> Dependencies;
5813
5814 static std::string name()
5815 {
5816 return std::string("StandardQuantiles<") + HistogramTag::name() + " >";
5817 // static const std::string n = std::string("StandardQuantiles<") + HistogramTag::name() + " >";
5818 // return n;
5819 }
5820
5821 template <class U, class BASE>
5822 struct Impl
5823 : public CachedResultBase<BASE, TinyVector<double, 7>, U>
5824 {
5825 typedef typename CachedResultBase<BASE, TinyVector<double, 7>, U>::result_type result_type;
5826 typedef typename CachedResultBase<BASE, TinyVector<double, 7>, U>::value_type value_type;
5827
5828 static const unsigned int workInPass = LookupDependency<HistogramTag, BASE>::type::workInPass;
5829
5830 result_type operator()() const
5831 {
5832 if(this->isDirty())
5833 {
5834 double desiredQuantiles[] = {0.0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9, 1.0 };
5835 getAccumulator<HistogramTag>(*this).computeStandardQuantiles(getDependency<Minimum>(*this), getDependency<Maximum>(*this),
5836 getDependency<Count>(*this), value_type(desiredQuantiles),
5837 this->value_);
5838 this->setClean();
5839 }
5840 return this->value_;
5841 }
5842 };
5843 };
5844
5845 }} // namespace vigra::acc
5846
5847 #endif // VIGRA_ACCUMULATOR_HXX
vigra::acc::AccumulatorChainArray::operator+=
void operator+=(AccumulatorChainArray const &o)
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2302
vigra::acc::ArgMinWeight
Basic statistic. Data value where weight assumes its minimal value.
Definition: accumulator.hxx:5141
vigra::acc::UserRangeHistogram
Histogram where user provides bounds for linear range mapping from values to indices.
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:71
vigra::acc::PowerSum
Basic statistic. PowerSum<N> = .
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:59
vigra::ArrayVectorView::back
reference back()
Definition: array_vector.hxx:293
vigra::acc::DynamicAccumulatorChain::activeNames
ArrayVector< std::string > activeNames() const
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2203
vigra::acc::Maximum
Basic statistic. Maximum value.
Definition: accumulator.hxx:5063
vigra::acc::DynamicAccumulatorChainArray::passesRequired
unsigned int passesRequired() const
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2466
vigra::acc::Global
Modifier. Compute statistic globally rather than per region.
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:145
vigra::multi_math
Definition: fftw3.hxx:623
vigra::acc::Skewness
Basic statistic. Skewness.
Definition: accumulator.hxx:4302
vigra::MultiArrayView::shape
const difference_type & shape() const
Definition: multi_array.hxx:1551
vigra::acc::DynamicAccumulatorChain::passesRequired
unsigned int passesRequired() const
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2214
vigra::acc::AccumulatorChain::reshape
void reshape(TinyVector< U, N > const &s)
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2052
vigra::acc::CoordinateSystem
Basic statistic. Identity matrix of appropriate size.
Definition: accumulator.hxx:3705
vigra::acc::DynamicAccumulatorChainArray::activeNames
ArrayVector< std::string > activeNames() const
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2456
vigra::ArrayVectorView::begin
const_iterator begin() const
Definition: array_vector.hxx:223
vigra::acc::AccumulatorChainArray::setMaxRegionLabel
void setMaxRegionLabel(unsigned label)
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2281
vigra::acc::Kurtosis
Basic statistic. Kurtosis.
Definition: accumulator.hxx:4374
vigra::acc::UnbiasedKurtosis
Basic statistic. Unbiased Kurtosis.
Definition: accumulator.hxx:4410
vigra::MultiArray
Main MultiArray class containing the memory management.
Definition: multi_array.hxx:2357
vigra::HistogramOptions::validMinMax
bool validMinMax() const
Definition: histogram.hxx:118
vigra::acc::DynamicAccumulatorChain::activateAll
void activateAll()
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2179
vigra::HistogramOptions::binCount
int binCount
Total number of bins in the histogram.
Definition: histogram.hxx:60
vigra::acc::AutoRangeHistogram
Histogram where range mapping bounds are defined by minimum and maximum of data.
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:72
vigra::acc::getAccumulator
LookupTag< TAG, A >::reference getAccumulator(A &a)
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2771
vigra::acc::AccumulatorChain
Create an accumulator chain containing the selected statistics and their dependencies.
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2040
vigra::acc::FlatScatterMatrix
Basic statistic. Flattened uppter-triangular part of scatter matrix.
Definition: accumulator.hxx:4506
vigra::acc::Central
Modifier. Substract mean before computing statistic.
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:139
vigra::acc::Weighted
Compute weighted version of the statistic.
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:134
vigra::acc::Select
Wrapper for MakeTypeList that additionally performs tag standardization.
Definition: accumulator.hxx:389
vigra::MultiArrayIndex
std::ptrdiff_t MultiArrayIndex
Definition: multi_shape.hxx:55
vigra::acc::isActive
bool isActive(A const &a)
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2866
vigra::acc::DynamicAccumulatorChainArray
Create an array of dynamic accumulator chains containing the selected per-region and global statistic...
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2411
vigra
Definition: accessor.hxx:43
vigra::acc::DynamicAccumulatorChainArray::isActive
bool isActive(std::string tag) const
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2439
vigra::acc::DynamicAccumulatorChain::activate
void activate(std::string tag)
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2163
vigra::acc::Principal< CoordinateSystem >
Specialization (covariance eigenvectors): works in pass 1, operator+=() supported (merging)...
Definition: accumulator.hxx:4955
vigra::acc::DynamicAccumulatorChainArray::isActive
bool isActive() const
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2450
vigra::acc::DynamicAccumulatorChain::isActive
bool isActive() const
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2196
vigra::ArrayVector< RegionAccumulatorChain >
vigra::operator+=
FFTWComplex< R > & operator+=(FFTWComplex< R > &a, const FFTWComplex< R > &b)
add-assignment
Definition: fftw3.hxx:859
vigra::sq
NumericTraits< T >::Promote sq(T t)
The square function.
Definition: mathutil.hxx:344
vigra::acc::DynamicAccumulatorChainArray::activate
void activate()
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2426
vigra::acc::UnbiasedSkewness
Basic statistic. Unbiased Skewness.
Definition: accumulator.hxx:4338
vigra::prod
NumericTraits< V >::Promote prod(TinyVectorBase< V, SIZE, D1, D2 > const &l)
product of the vector&#39;s elements
Definition: tinyvector.hxx:1895
vigra::acc::DynamicAccumulatorChain::activate
void activate()
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2172
vigra::linalg::symmetricEigensystem
bool symmetricEigensystem(MultiArrayView< 2, T, C1 > const &a, MultiArrayView< 2, T, C2 > &ew, MultiArrayView< 2, T, C3 > &ev)
Definition: eigensystem.hxx:1008
vigra::acc::AccumulatorChainArray::merge
void merge(AccumulatorChainArray const &o)
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2318
boost::get
vigra::MultiArrayView< N, T, Stride >::const_reference get(vigra::MultiArrayView< N, T, Stride > const &pmap, typename vigra::MultiArrayView< N, T, Stride >::difference_type const &k)
Read the value at key k in property map pmap (API: boost).
Definition: multi_gridgraph.hxx:2859
vigra::acc::extractFeatures
void extractFeatures(...)
vigra::acc::LabelArg
Specifies index of labels in CoupledHandle.
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:95
vigra::acc::DynamicAccumulatorChainArray::activateAll
void activateAll()
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2432
vigra::acc::AccumulatorChainArray::tagNames
static ArrayVector< std::string > const & tagNames()
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2339
vigra::argMax
Iterator argMax(Iterator first, Iterator last)
Find the maximum element in a sequence.
Definition: algorithm.hxx:96
vigra::acc::WeightArg
Specifies index of data in CoupledHandle.
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:94
vigra::acc::AccumulatorChainArray::regionCount
unsigned int regionCount() const
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2295
vigra::acc::Sum
PowerSum< 1 > Sum
Alias. Sum.
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:156
vigra::TinyVector
Class for fixed size vectors.This class contains an array of size SIZE of the specified VALUETYPE...
Definition: accessor.hxx:940
vigra::CoupledHandle
Definition: multi_iterator_coupled.hxx:52
vigra::acc::AccumulatorChainArray::ignoreLabel
void ignoreLabel(MultiArrayIndex l)
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2274
vigra::acc::ScatterMatrixEigensystem
Definition: accumulator.hxx:4676
vigra::acc::Principal
Modifier. Project onto PCA eigenvectors.
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:140
vigra::Shape2
MultiArrayShape< 2 >::type Shape2
shape type for MultiArray<2, T>
Definition: multi_shape.hxx:241
vigra::acc::IntegerHistogram
Histogram where data values are equal to bin indices.
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:70
vigra::MultiArrayView::hasData
bool hasData() const
Definition: multi_array.hxx:1807
vigra::acc::ArgMaxWeight
Basic statistic. Data where weight assumes its maximal value.
Definition: accumulator.hxx:5216
vigra::acc::DynamicAccumulatorChain::isActive
bool isActive(std::string tag) const
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2185
vigra::Shape1
MultiArrayShape< 1 >::type Shape1
shape type for MultiArray<1, T>
Definition: multi_shape.hxx:240
vigra::acc::AccumulatorChain::tagNames
static ArrayVector< std::string > const & tagNames()
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2062
vigra::createCoupledIterator
CoupledIteratorType< N >::type createCoupledIterator(TinyVector< MultiArrayIndex, N > const &shape)
Definition: multi_iterator_coupled.hxx:1052
vigra::abs
FFTWComplex< R >::NormType abs(const FFTWComplex< R > &a)
absolute value (= magnitude)
Definition: fftw3.hxx:1002
vigra::HistogramOptions::local_auto_init
bool local_auto_init
If true, range mapping bounds are defined by minimum and maximum of the data.
Definition: histogram.hxx:63
vigra::MultiArrayView
Base class for, and view to, vigra::MultiArray.
Definition: multi_array.hxx:655
vigra::acc::AccumulatorChainArray::merge
void merge(unsigned i, unsigned j)
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2309
vigra::acc::RootDivideByCount
Modifier. RootDivideByCount<TAG> = sqrt( TAG/Count )
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:128
vigra::acc::DynamicAccumulatorChainArray::activate
void activate(std::string tag)
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2418
vigra::acc::AccumulatorChainArray::maxRegionLabel
MultiArrayIndex maxRegionLabel() const
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2288
vigra::acc::StandardQuantiles
Compute (0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, 100%) quantiles from given histogram.
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:77
vigra::ArrayVectorView::end
const_iterator end() const
Definition: array_vector.hxx:237
vigra::HistogramOptions::maximum
double maximum
Upper bound for linear range mapping from values to indices.
Definition: histogram.hxx:57
vigra::acc::AccumulatorChainArray::merge
void merge(AccumulatorChainArray const &o, ArrayLike const &labelMapping)
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2330
vigra::CoupledScanOrderIterator
Iterate over multiple images simultaneously in scan order.
Definition: multi_iterator_coupled.hxx:526
vigra::RGBValue
Class for a single RGB value.
Definition: accessor.hxx:938
vigra::acc::DivideByCount
Modifier. Divide statistic by Count: DivideByCount<TAG> = TAG / Count .
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:127
vigra::acc::AbsPowerSum
Basic statistic. AbsPowerSum<N> = .
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:60
vigra::acc::activate
void activate(A &a)
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2855
vigra::acc::DataArg
Specifies index of data in CoupledHandle.
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:93
vigra::acc::GlobalRangeHistogram
Like AutoRangeHistogram, but use global min/max rather than region min/max.
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:73
vigra::floor
int floor(FixedPoint< IntBits, FracBits > v)
rounding down.
Definition: fixedpoint.hxx:667
vigra::acc::Minimum
Basic statistic. Minimum value.
Definition: accumulator.hxx:4985
vigra::acc::DynamicAccumulatorChain
Create a dynamic accumulator chain containing the selected statistics and their dependencies.
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2154
vigra::acc::DivideUnbiased
Modifier. Divide statistics by Count-1: DivideUnbiased<TAG> = TAG / (Count-1)
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:129
vigra::acc::Coord
Modifier. Compute statistic from pixel coordinates rather than from pixel values. ...
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:133
vigra::sqrt
SquareRootTraits< FixedPoint< IntBits, FracBits > >::SquareRootResult sqrt(FixedPoint< IntBits, FracBits > v)
square root.
Definition: fixedpoint.hxx:616
vigra::HistogramOptions::minimum
double minimum
Lower bound for linear range mapping from values to indices.
Definition: histogram.hxx:54
vigra::acc::AccumulatorChainArray
Create an array of accumulator chains containing the selected per-region and global statistics and th...
Definition: accumulator.hxx:2261
vigra::acc::RootDivideUnbiased
Modifier. RootDivideUnbiased<TAG> = sqrt( TAG / (Count-1) )
Definition: accumulator-grammar.hxx:130
vigra::HistogramOptions
Set histogram options.
Definition: histogram.hxx:49

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