Mojo::Exception(3pm)

NAME
Mojo::Exception - Exception base class

SYNOPSIS
  # Create exception classes
  package MyApp::X::Foo {
    use Mojo::Base 'Mojo::Exception';
  }
  package MyApp::X::Bar {
    use Mojo::Base 'Mojo::Exception';
  }

  # Throw exceptions and handle them gracefully
  use Mojo::Exception qw(check);
  eval {
    MyApp::X::Foo->throw('Something went wrong!');
  };
  check $@ => [
    'MyApp::X::Foo' => sub { say "Foo: $_" },
    'MyApp::X::Bar' => sub { say "Bar: $_" }
  ];

  # Generate exception classes on demand
  use Mojo::Exception qw(check raise);
  eval {
    raise 'MyApp::X::Name', 'The name Minion is already taken';
  };
  check $@ => [
    'MyApp::X::Name' => sub { say "Name error: $_" },
    default          => sub { say "Error: $_" }
  ];

DESCRIPTION
Mojo::Exception is a container for exceptions with context information.

FUNCTIONS
Mojo::Exception implements the following functions, which can be imported individually.

  check
  my $bool = check $err => ['MyApp::X::Foo' => sub {...}];

Process exceptions by dispatching them to handlers with one or more matching conditions. Exceptions that could not be handled will be rethrown automatically.

  # Handle various types of exceptions
  eval {
    dangerous_code();
  };
  check $@ => [
    'MyApp::X::Foo'     => sub { say "Foo: $_" },
    qr/^Could not open/ => sub { say "Open error: $_" },
    default             => sub { say "Something went wrong: $_" }
  ];

Matching conditions can be class names for ISA checks on exception objects, or regular expressions to match string exceptions and stringified exception objects. The matching exception will be the first argument passed to the callback, and is also available as $_.

  # Catch MyApp::X::Foo object or a specific string exception
  eval {
    dangerous_code();
  };
  check $@ => [
    'MyApp::X::Foo'     => sub { say "Foo: $_" },
    qr/^Could not open/ => sub { say "Open error: $_" }
  ];

An array reference can be used to share the same handler with multiple conditions, of which only one needs to match. And since exception handlers are just callbacks, they can also throw their own exceptions.

  # Handle MyApp::X::Foo and MyApp::X::Bar the same
  eval {
    dangerous_code();
  };
  check $@ => [
    ['MyApp::X::Foo', 'MyApp::X::Bar'] => sub { die "Foo/Bar: $_" }
  ];

There is currently only one keywords you can use to set special handlers. The "default" handler is used when no other handler matched.

  # Use "default" to catch everything
  eval {
    dangerous_code();
  };
  check $@ => [
    default => sub { say "Error: $_" }
  ];

  raise
  raise 'Something went wrong!';
  raise 'MyApp::X::Foo', 'Something went wrong!';

Raise a Mojo::Exception, if the class does not exist yet (classes are checked for a "new" method), one is created as a Mojo::Exception subclass on demand.

ATTRIBUTES
Mojo::Exception implements the following attributes.

  frames
  my $frames = $e->frames;
  $e         = $e->frames([$frame1, $frame2]);

Stack trace if available.

  # Extract information from the last frame
  my ($package, $filename, $line, $subroutine, $hasargs, $wantarray, $evaltext,
      $is_require, $hints, $bitmask, $hinthash) = @{$e->frames->[-1]};

  line
  my $line = $e->line;
  $e       = $e->line([3, 'die;']);

The line where the exception occurred if available.

  lines_after
  my $lines = $e->lines_after;
  $e        = $e->lines_after([[4, 'say $foo;'], [5, 'say $bar;']]);

Lines after the line where the exception occurred if available.

  lines_before
  my $lines = $e->lines_before;
  $e        = $e->lines_before([[1, 'my $foo = 23;'], [2, 'my $bar = 24;']]);

Lines before the line where the exception occurred if available.

  message
  my $msg = $e->message;
  $e      = $e->message('Died at test.pl line 3.');

Exception message, defaults to "Exception!".

  verbose
  my $bool = $e->verbose;
  $e       = $e->verbose($bool);

Show more information with "to_string", such as "frames", defaults to the value of the "MOJO_EXCEPTION_VERBOSE" environment variable.

METHODS
Mojo::Exception inherits all methods from Mojo::Base and implements the following new ones.

  inspect
  $e = $e->inspect;
  $e = $e->inspect($source1, $source2);

Inspect "message", "frames" and optional additional sources to fill "lines_before", "line" and "lines_after" with context information.

  new
  my $e = Mojo::Exception->new;
  my $e = Mojo::Exception->new('Died at test.pl line 3.');

Construct a new Mojo::Exception object and assign "message" if necessary.

  to_string
  my $str = $e->to_string;

Render exception. Note that the output format may change as more features are added, only the error message at the beginning is guaranteed not to be modified to allow regex matching.

  throw
  Mojo::Exception->throw('Something went wrong!');

Throw exception from the current execution context.

  # Longer version
  die Mojo::Exception->new('Something went wrong!')->trace;

  trace
  $e = $e->trace;
  $e = $e->trace($skip);

Generate stack trace and store all "frames", defaults to skipping 1 call frame.

  # Skip 3 call frames
  $e->trace(3);

  # Skip no call frames
  $e->trace(0);

OPERATORS
Mojo::Exception overloads the following operators.

  bool
  my $bool = !!$e;

Always true.

  stringify
  my $str = "$e";

Alias for "to_string".

SEE ALSO
Mojolicious, Mojolicious::Guides, <https://mojolicious.org>.