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GNU Free Documentation License
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Version 1.1, March 2000

Copyright (C) 2000  Free Software Foundation, Inc.

51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

PREAMBLE
========

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
written document 'free' in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.  Secondarily,
this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
modifications made by others.

This License is a kind of 'copyleft', which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
=============================

This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
under the terms of this License.  The 'Document', below, refers to any
such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
addressed as 'you'.

A 'Modified Version' of the Document means any work containing the Document or
a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or
translated into another language.

A 'Secondary Section' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the
Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or
authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related
matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall
subject.  (For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a
Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.)  The relationship could be
a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or
of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
them.

The 'Invariant Sections' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are
designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that
the Document is released under this License.

The 'Cover Texts' are certain short passages of text that are listed, as
Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the
Document is released under this License.

A 'Transparent' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented
in a format whose specification is available to the general public, whose
contents can be viewed and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic
text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for
drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input
to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats
suitable for input to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent
file format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent
modification by readers is not Transparent.  A copy that is not 'Transparent'
is called 'Opaque'.

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without
markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly
available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human
modification.  Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that
can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for
which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the
machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output purposes
only.

The 'Title Page' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such
following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License
requires to appear in the title page.  For works in formats which do not have
any title page as such, 'Title Page' means the text near the most prominent
appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the
text.

VERBATIM COPYING
================

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or
noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the
license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in
all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this
License.  You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
or further copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may
accept compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may
publicly display copies.

COPYING IN QUANTITY
===================

If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, and the
Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in
covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover
Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover.  Both covers
must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies.
The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally
prominent and visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title
of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim
copying in other respects.

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you
should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual
cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than
100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with
each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
charge using public-standard network protocols.  If you use the latter
option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document
well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to
provide you with an updated version of the Document.

MODIFICATIONS
=============

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified
Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the
role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the
Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it.  In addition, you must do
these things in the Modified Version:

* Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
  from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
  (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
  of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
  if the original publisher of that version gives permission.

* List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
  responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
  Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
  Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).

* State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
  Modified Version, as the publisher.

* Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.

* Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
  adjacent to the other copyright notices.

* Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
  giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
  terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.

* Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
  and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.

* Include an unaltered copy of this License.

* Preserve the section entitled 'History', and its title, and add to
  it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
  publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
  there is no section entitled 'History' in the Document, create one
  stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
  given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
  Version as stated in the previous sentence.

* Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
  public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
  the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
  it was based on.  These may be placed in the 'History' section.
  You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
  least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
  publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.

* In any section entitled 'Acknowledgements' or 'Dedications',
  preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
  substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
  and/or dedications given therein.

* Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
  unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
  or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.

* Delete any section entitled 'Endorsements'.  Such a section
  may not be included in the Modified Version.

* Do not retitle any existing section as 'Endorsements'
  or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that
qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document,
you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant.
To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
Version's license notice.  These titles must be distinct from any other section
titles.

You may add a section entitled 'Endorsements', provided it contains nothing but
endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties -- for example,
statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization
as the authoritative definition of a standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage
of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts
in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of
Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one
entity.  If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are
acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one,
on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
endorsement of any Modified Version.

COMBINING DOCUMENTS
===================

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License,
under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that
you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the
original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
combined work in its license notice.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy.  If there are
multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the
title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses,
the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else
a unique number.  Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled 'History'
in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
'History'; likewise combine any sections entitled 'Acknowledgements',
and any sections entitled 'Dedications'.  You must delete all sections
entitled 'Endorsements.'

COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
========================

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.

AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
==================================

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution
medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version of the Document,
provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation.  Such a
compilation is called an 'aggregate', and this License does not apply to the
other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on account of their
being thus compiled, if they are not themselves derivative works of the
Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the
Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of the entire
aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that surround
only the Document within the aggregate.  Otherwise they must appear on covers
around the whole aggregate.

TRANSLATION
===========

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.  Replacing Invariant
Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright
holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in
addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include
a translation of this License provided that you also include the original
English version of this License.  In case of a disagreement between the
translation and the original English version of this License, the original
English version will prevail.

TERMINATION
===========

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to copy, modify,
sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate
your rights under this License.  However, parties who have received copies, or
rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so
long as such parties remain in full compliance.

FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
================================

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free
Documentation License from time to time.  Such new versions will be similar in
spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems
or concerns.  See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License 'or any
later version' applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has
been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the
Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any
version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
====================================================

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices
just after the title page::

   Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.

   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
   under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
   or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
   with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
   Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
   A copy of the license is included in the section entitled 'GNU
   Free Documentation License'.

If you have no Invariant Sections, write 'with no Invariant Sections' instead
of saying which ones are invariant.  If you have no Front-Cover Texts, write
'no Front-Cover Texts' instead of 'Front-Cover Texts being LIST'; likewise for
Back-Cover Texts.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend
releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software
license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free
software.
