\(\renewcommand{\AA}{\text{Å}}\)

# angle_style command

## Syntax

    angle_style style

- style = none or zero or hybrid or amoeba or charmm or class2 or class2/p6 or cosine or cosine/buck6d or cosine/delta or cosine/periodic or cosine/shift or cosine/shift/exp or cosine/squared or cosine/squared/restricted or cross or dipole or fourier or fourier/simple or gaussian or harmonic or lepton or mm3 or quartic or spica or table

## Examples

    angle_style harmonic
    angle_style charmm
    angle_style hybrid harmonic cosine

## Description

Set the formula(s) LAMMPS uses to compute angle interactions between triplets of atoms, which remain in force for the duration of the simulation. The list of angle triplets is read in by a read_data or read_restart command from a data or restart file.

Hybrid models where angles are computed using different angle potentials can be setup using the hybrid angle style.

The coefficients associated with a angle style can be specified in a data or restart file or via the angle_coeff command.

All angle potentials store their coefficient data in binary restart files which means angle_style and angle_coeff commands do not need to be re-specified in an input script that restarts a simulation. See the read_restart command for details on how to do this. The one exception is that angle_style hybrid only stores the list of sub-styles in the restart file; angle coefficients need to be re-specified.

Note

When both an angle and pair style is defined, the special_bonds command often needs to be used to turn off (or weight) the pairwise interaction that would otherwise exist between 3 bonded atoms.

In the formulas listed for each angle style, theta is the angle between the three atoms in the angle.

Here is an alphabetic list of angle styles defined in LAMMPS. Click on the style to display the formula it computes and coefficients specified by the associated angle_coeff command.

Click on the style to display the formula it computes, any additional arguments specified in the angle_style command, and coefficients specified by the associated angle_coeff command.

There are also additional accelerated pair styles included in the LAMMPS distribution for faster performance on CPUs, GPUs, and KNLs. The individual style names on the Commands angle page are followed by one or more of (g,i,k,o,t) to indicate which accelerated styles exist.

- none - turn off angle interactions

- zero - topology but no interactions

- hybrid - define multiple styles of angle interactions

- amoeba - AMOEBA angle

- charmm - CHARMM angle

- class2 - COMPASS (class 2) angle

- class2/p6 - COMPASS (class 2) angle expanded to 6th order

- cosine - angle with cosine term

- cosine/buck6d - same as cosine with Buckingham term between 1-3 atoms

- cosine/delta - angle with difference of cosines

- cosine/periodic - DREIDING angle

- cosine/shift - angle cosine with a shift

- cosine/shift/exp - cosine with shift and exponential term in spring constant

- cosine/squared - angle with cosine squared term

- cosine/squared/restricted - angle with restricted cosine squared term

- cross - cross term coupling angle and bond lengths

- dipole - angle that controls orientation of a point dipole

- fourier - angle with multiple cosine terms

- fourier/simple - angle with a single cosine term

- gaussian - multi-centered Gaussian-based angle potential

- harmonic - harmonic angle

- lepton - angle potential from evaluating a string

- mesocnt - piecewise harmonic and linear angle for bending-buckling of nanotubes

- mm3 - anharmonic angle

- mwlc - meltable wormlike chain

- quartic - angle with cubic and quartic terms

- spica - harmonic angle with repulsive SPICA pair style between 1-3 atoms

- table - tabulated by angle

## Restrictions

Angle styles can only be set for atom_styles that allow angles to be defined.

Most angle styles are part of the MOLECULE package. They are only enabled if LAMMPS was built with that package. See the Build package page for more info. The doc pages for individual bond potentials tell if it is part of a package.

## Related commands

angle_coeff

## Default

    angle_style none