The Kubuntu Handbook

# The Kubuntu Handbook

This documentation was converted from the KDE UserBase Kubuntu page.

Revision KDE
SC 4.13 (2015-03-11)

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Chapter 1. Документація з Kubuntu
Документація з Kubuntu

# Chapter 1. Документація з Kubuntu

Банер Kubuntu 15.04

Початок — короткий огляд Kubuntu, Linux®, KDE та місця дистрибутива у спільноті Ubuntu

Встановлення — Як встановити Kubuntu

Основи —

Користування Kubuntu:

- Робота у мережі

- Кнопки запуску програм та кнопки виконання завдань

- Налаштовування стільниці, зокрема плазмоїдів, шрифтів, тем та обробки мультимедійних файлів

- Керування файлами для упорядковування та роботи з файлами і теками

Додаткові відомості —

Розширення можливостей Kubuntu:

- Керування програмним забезпеченням для встановлення і оновлення програм за допомогою програми з графічним інтерфейсом та командного рядка

- Робота зі сховищами з метою встановлення стороннього програмного забезпечення

Програми —

Докладно про встановлені і доступні програми

Власний внесок —

Як зробити Kubuntu™ кращим

Підтримка —

Усі форми підтримки Kubuntu™

Chapter 2. Вітаємо у Kubuntu
Вітаємо у Kubuntu

# Chapter 2. Вітаємо у Kubuntu

Kubuntu™ is a user-friendly Linux®-based operating system that uses the KDE Plasma Desktop. With a predictable six-month release cycle as part of the Ubuntu™ project, Kubuntu™ is the Linux® distribution for everyone.

## The Kubuntu Desktop

Kubuntu Default Desktop

Kubuntu™ includes more than 1,000 default packages (applications or utilities) and has access to more than 64,000 other packages to suit your needs. Kubuntu™ is based on the Linux® kernel and includes the core Ubuntu™ applications as well as KDE software. Kubuntu™'s core applications include software for the most common needs, like:

- Browsing the web.

- Personal Information Manager which includes email.

- Office applications.

- Playing multimedia files.

- Plus much more!

The Kubuntu Philosophy
The Kubuntu Philosophy

## The Kubuntu Philosophy

The team behind the Ubuntu™ and Kubuntu™ projects makes the following commitments to our users:

- Kubuntu™ will always use the solid base of the Ubuntu™ project, plus the latest from the KDE project. As part of the Ubuntu™ project and community, Kubuntu™ will continue to use the infrastructure and support that the Ubuntu™ project offers. We will strive to be the best KDE based Linux® distribution available.

- Kubuntu™ will always be free of charge. There is no extra fee for an enterprise edition; we make our best work available to everyone on the same free terms.

- Kubuntu™ will always include the best translations and accessibility infrastructure that the free software community has to offer, to make Kubuntu™ usable by as many people as possible.

- Kubuntu™ will always be committed to the principles of free software and open source development; we shall encourage people to use free and open source software, improve it, and pass it on.

Chapter 3. What is Linux®?
What is Linux®?

# Chapter 3. What is Linux®?

Linux® is an operating system kernel that resembles the UNIX® operating system. The kernel is the main software required for any operating system, providing a communication bridge between hardware and software. Linux® has become a leading element of the worldwide movement to embrace free and open source software. The term “GNU/Linux” is a way of referring to operating systems based on the Linux® kernel combined with parts from the GNU Project.

Find out more about Linux®:

- Linux® Kernel

- Linux® Wikipedia

Chapter 4. What is KDE?
What is KDE?

# Chapter 4. What is KDE?

KDE is an international technology community that creates and supports free software for desktop and portable computing. Among KDE's products are a modern desktop system for Linux® and UNIX® platforms, comprehensive office productivity and groupware suites, as well as hundreds of software applications in various categories including internet and web applications, multimedia, entertainment, education, graphics, and software development. KDE software is translated into more than 65 languages and is built for ease of use with modern accessibility principles in mind. KDE's full-featured applications run natively on Linux®, BSD, Solaris, Windows, and Mac® OS X. The KDE Workspace is the default desktop for Kubuntu™.

Find out more about KDE:

- KDE's website

- Article on Wikipedia

- KDE UserBase

Chapter 5. Подяки
Подяки

# Chapter 5. Подяки

Уся команда Kubuntu™ вдячна вам за те, що ви вибрали Kubuntu™! Також дякуємо адміністраторам KDE за надану можливість зберігати нашу документацію тут!

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Chapter 6. Встановлення
Встановлення

# Chapter 6. Встановлення

There are many good reasons to install Kubuntu™!

Some of them include:

- Kubuntu™ makes your PC friendly.

- Kubuntu™ is an operating system built by a friendly worldwide team of expert developers. It contains all the applications you need: a web browser, an office suite, media apps, an instant messaging client, and many others. For a list of the included software, see the Software page.

- Kubuntu™ is a free, open-source alternative to Windows and Mac® OS X.

- Easily install beside, or instead of, Windows.

## Install Process

First, you will need to download Kubuntu™. See Get Kubuntu

Install Welcome Screen

When the installer starts you will see these options:

- Try out Kubuntu™ without changing anything on your computer

- Install Kubuntu™ on your computer.

### Prepare

For the best result, ensure that:

- Your computer has enough room for Kubuntu™ and your data - your songs, pictures, videos, and documents.

- Your computer is connected to the Internet so that you can download updates and third-party software as Kubuntu™ is installing.

Install Prepare Screen

Include this third-party software includes software that either does not follow the Open Source model or the Ubuntu Philosophy, but is safe for use on your system.

Download updates while installing will ensure that you have the latest bug and security fixes included and applied once the installation is complete.

### Disk Setup

Disk Setup Screen

This is where you choose how to organize your hard drive. This step is the most complicated and consequential in the entire install process, so take your time.

### Tip

You will be able to change your mind and go back until the Install Now button is clicked.

The following sections are some possible installation scenarios you might choose. Each of these choices points to a page or series of pages with more details. For each option (except Manual), the installer asks which hard drive to use. After choosing, you will see a before and after layout on that hard drive.

#### Resize

This will resize the partitions for you and install Kubuntu™ on the free space. With this option you can create what is called a dual-boot and choose which OS to boot into at startup.

Dual Boot

### Note

This is available only if at least 25GB can be freed.

#### Use entire disk

In this scenario the installer will create two(2) partitions on your hard drive. One(1) for the root, home, and everything else and one(1) for the swap.

### Warning

This option will completely erase your hard drive. You will lose any operating systems (Windows, Mac® OS X, Linux®, etc.) and all your data that is stored on that drive.

#### Use entire disk and set up LVM

More about LVM

#### Use entire disk and set up encrypted LVM

More about encrypted file systems

#### Manual

When using Manual to set up your system as you would like it, keep these thoughts in mind:

- The root ( / ) directory needs at least 25 GBs of space.

- The home ( /home ) directory needs as much space as you will need for your files, music, pictures and documents. So it is best to use the remaining space for the home partition, unless you have going to dual boot.

- Swap space of at least half of the available RAM is recommended. For instance, with 8 GBs, make the swap with at least 4 GBs.

For more detailed information regarding the Disk Setup of a linux system you can check the DiskSpace page.

### Timezone

During this step you get to pick the Region where you live and then the Timezone of the location in that Region. An example would be that I live in New York, so my Region is North America and my Timezone is New York.

Timezone Screen

### Keyboard

This is the step that will set up your keyboard's language and, if the language has it, a different version of the language. For example, there is a Cherokee American English setting as well as different setups with special keys used in certain countries; in Kubuntu™ we try to make the system easy for everyone!

Keyboard Screen

### User Info

At this step of the installation you will be putting in user information like your name, username, and password. The password will be your key to logging into your new installation as well as installing new software, updating your system, and more, so keep it written down somewhere!

User Info Screen

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Chapter 7. Основи
Основи

# Chapter 7. Основи

This section of the Documentation will cover the components available within Kubuntu™ to meet your desired functionality and make Kubuntu™ your own.

## Launchers

### Kickoff

KickOff Plasma 5

As a KDE distribution, Kubuntu™ uses the Kickoff Application Launcher by default. The Kickoff Launcher can be compared with the 'Start Menu' in Windows (pre Windows 8). The icon to launch Kickoff is on the bottom left very much like Windows XP or 7. For more information on how to use and customize it, see Plasma Kickoff.

### KRunner

Krunner Plasma 5

Like Kickoff, KRunner is a launcher, but it does a lot more than just launching applications. Usually KRunner is accessed by pressing Alt+F2. For more information on what it can do, see Plasma Krunner.

Networking
Networking

## Networking

This section will help you connect to the internet.

Network Panel

### Wired

In most cases the wired network connection will simply work without any changes to the default Kubuntu™ configuration. Wired network connections are selected as default when they are available.

### Wireless

Most wireless cards are supported out of the box by Kubuntu™. However, in some cases, the wireless network device may need a restricted driver in order to operate. The best way to check this is to open the Driver Manager. To open this program KickOff → System Settings → Driver Manager. If the device needs a restricted driver, then Driver Manager can help with selecting, installing, and activating the proper driver. Once this is all handled, the system will need to be rebooted. For more information on troubleshooting Wi-Fi on your system, see Wireless Troubleshooting.

Desktop Customization
Desktop Customization

## Desktop Customization

This section covers the basics of configuring Kubuntu™ to suit your needs. One of the strengths of the KDE philosophy is the focus on control of just about every aspect of the desktop environment. Wallpapers, themes, widgets, color schemes, splash screens, and more; the options for customization are endless.

KDE-Look is the number one location to find customized settings for the KDE Plasma desktop. Some of the applications even allow direct connections to KDE-Look to download a new configuration or image.

### Themes

Kubuntu™ allows themes to be changed easily. To change your theme go to System Settings → Workspace Theme in the Desktop Theme section, then choose from the list of installed themes. You can change the theme of the Desktop Theme, Cursor Theme, and the Splash Screen. Pick from the default choices that are installed, or left-click the 'Get New...' button in each section for more choices.

### Plasmoids

Plasmoids (also called Widgets) can be added by right-clicking the desktop and selecting Add Widgets..., which will bring up a list of Widgets. For more information, see Plasma Widgets.

### Panel

By right-clicking on the desktop once again, you can select Add Panel to get more panels. You can left-click the button on the far right side of the panel to alter the properties of the panel, like changing its height or width or adding Widgets, for example. For more information, see Plasma Panels.

### Dolphin

Dolphin is the default file manager in Kubuntu™ and can be compared with Windows Explorer. Dolphin looks simple because of great design, while having many powerful features. For more information, see Dolphin.

Updating
Updating

## Updating

Kubuntu™ developers release feature and security updates for applications and packages within the Kubuntu™ system. When updates become available, Kubuntu™ will display a message in the System Tray. To update the system, open Muon Update Manager from either KickOff or Krunner and click the Install updates button. After installing some updates, it may be necessary to restart the computer. If so, Kubuntu™ will display a pop-up and an icon in the System Tray.

Muon Updater

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Chapter 8. Додаткові відомості
Додаткові відомості

# Chapter 8. Додаткові відомості

Подальше покращення вашої встановленої Kubuntu™ можна здійснити за допомогою встановлення додаткових пакунків із програмним забезпеченням. Нижче наведено декілька способів встановлення нових пакунків (програм).

## Керування програмним забезпеченням

У Kubuntu™ передбачено декілька способів керування програмним забезпеченням. Зручним засобом додавання або вилучення програм є програма для керування пакунками.

### Клієнтські програми з графічним інтерфейсом

By default Kubuntu™ comes with a great package manager called Muon Discover. Muon Discover is an advanced program with a graphical user interface (GUI) for installing and removing applications.

It will automatically notify you for updates (in the lower right hand corner), but you can use it at anytime to install new packages by going to KickOff and type Muon. Select Muon Discover from the results.

If you prefer the Ubuntu-style “Software Center” you will need to install it from within Muon.

Muon Discover

Muon Discover might provide information about required dependencies, these are other packages (programs) that the piece of software that you want to install needs to run. Once this information is acknowledged, the required packages will begin downloading. When the installation process is complete, the software will be ready to use. It is rarely necessary to restart the system after software installation or updates. If it is, the system will warn you and give you a restart icon to do the restart at your convenience.

Muon Discover also provides an easy method to remove software that is no longer needed.

### Tip

Start Muon Discover with Kickoff Application Launcher (K menu), click on 'Installed' and find the application you want to remove. Click 'Remove' and Muon Discover will remove the application.

### Tip

You can search for applications with the search box on the top and the categories below the bar. The application information will be displayed in the large white space below the search area. Click on the application title to be installed. Click the 'Install' button to start the installation process.

### Repositories

Thousands of programs are freely available to install in Kubuntu™. These programs are stored in software archives (“repositories”) and are made available for installation over the Internet. Installing new programs in Kubuntu™ is quick, reliable, and secure because each program is built specifically for Kubuntu™ and is checked thoroughly before it is made available. Kubuntu™ repositories are categorized into four groups:

- Main

- Restricted

- Universe

- Multiverse

Two factors are used to determine categories:

- The level of support provided for a program by its software development teams.

- The level of compliance the program has to the Ubuntu Free Software Philosophy

More information about the Repositories is available on the Ubuntu Community Help Wiki on Repositories website.

The standard Kubuntu™ LiveDVD contains some software from the “Main” and “Restricted” categories. Once a system has information about the Internet-based locations for these repositories, more programs are available for installation. Using the software package management tools installed by default, it is possible to discover, install, and update any piece of software directly over the internet without the need for the LiveDVD.

For more information about managing repositories, click on Managing Repositories

### PPAs (Personal Package Archive)

Personal Package Archives allow any person in the Ubuntu community who has committed to observe the Ubuntu Code of Conduct to upload Ubuntu source packages to be built and published as an apt repository by Launchpad. Software from Launchpad's Personal Package Archive (PPA) requires a GnuPG (GPG) key so your system can verify that it's getting the packages from the correct source and that the packages have not been interfered with since they were built. GnuPG is GNU's tool for secure communication and data storage.

### Warning

The contents of Personal Package Archives are not checked or monitored. You install software from them at your own risk.

For more information about PPAs, see Managing Personal Package Archives.

### Install/Uninstall .deb files

The package files associated with Kubuntu™ have the “.deb” suffix because of Kubuntu™'s close relationship with the Debian GNU/Linux distribution. Individual “.deb” files can be downloaded and installed. Humble Bundles, for instance, distribute debs. Administrative privileges are required.

### Tip

Simply left-click on the “.deb” file to initiate the installation process. A prompt will appear for a password associated with the necessary administrative privilege.

Install from Source
Install from Source

## Install from Source

Files with the .tar.gz or .tar.bz2 suffix are package files known as “tarballs” or “source” packages. These are widely used in Linux®. If there is no native Kubuntu™ package available in any of the repositories, it may be possible to compile and install the package from source. For tips on compiling software, look at the Compiling Software page on the Ubuntu Wiki.

Chapter 9. Drivers
Drivers

# Chapter 9. Drivers

On every Operating System (Windows, Mac® OS X, and Linux®) there are programs called Drivers which you install on your computer. These Drivers let your computer use new hardware or existing hardware, like Wifi. There Drivers also cover your graphics card e.g NVIDIA, AMD, sometimes the nonfree or restricted drivers let the cards perform better than the free ones. The Driver Manager handles installing and uninstalling these for you. These improvements may cover gaming, video editing and processing to image editing.

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Chapter 10. Програмне забезпечення
Програмне забезпечення

# Chapter 10. Програмне забезпечення

Short guide to the software which is included in your Kubuntu™ installation.

## Graphics

Some basic graphics applications are installed in Kubuntu™ by default, allowing you to create, view, scan, and manipulate images. The following applications are installed by default:

- Okular is a universal document viewer for many kinds of documents: PDF, Postscript, !DjVu, CHM, XPS, ePub and others.

- LibreOffice Draw is an all-purpose diagramming and charting tool which lets you produce anything from a quick sketch to a complex plan, and gives you the means to communicate with graphics and diagrams. With a maximum page size of 300cm by 300cm, Draw is a an excellent package for producing technical drawings, general posters, and much else.

- Skanlite is a simple image scanning application.

- Gwenview is an image viewer with many features.

- Kamoso is a webcam recorder from the KDE community.

- KSnapshot is the best at desktop screenshots, simple and sweet.

Internet
Internet

## Internet

Kubuntu™ will get you online.

### Browsers

Firefox is the default browser shipped with Kubuntu™, the most popular open-source browser in the world. For more information on how to use Firefox see the Firefox Help Page.

#### Export your bookmarks

To export your bookmarks from Firefox

1. Click on the Bookmarks menu item

2. Select Show All Bookmarks or Ctrl+Shift+o

3. A new window will appear. Select Import and Backup

4. Note where you save your bookmarks (by default in ~/yourfoldername)

#### Import your bookmarks into Firefox

Click for guide to importing your bookmarks into Firefox.

### Email Clients

There are many options when it comes to email clients. In Kubuntu™, Kmail is default email client, either as a stand-alone client or as part of the Kontact personal information manager (PIM).

Kmail is the email component of Kontact, the KDE personal information manager (PIM). Kmail by itself is similar in functionality to other popular email programs, while Kontact is as full-featured as the fanciest personal information managers (PIMs), as it can be configured with calendars, address books, notes, an RSS reader, time tracking, journals and simple project planning. The following are just some of the features of Kmail:

- IMAP, POP3, SMTP support

- SSL, TLS, and Digest-md5 secure logon support

- PGP and GNUPG signatures and encryption support

- HTML reading, spam filtering, internal character sets, search and filter functions, spell checking, and

robust searching. More information on Kmail can be found in the KMail documentation.

### Chat Clients

Chatting with friends and family is a popular use of the internet, and Kubuntu™ provides the necessary applications.

There are two default chat clients installed in Kubuntu™ - KDE Telepathy for instant messaging, and Quassel for chatting on IRC (Internet Relay Chat).

- KDE Telepathy is already installed and ready to configure.

- Konversation is the IRC (Internet Relay Chat) client pre-installed in Kubuntu™. Not only does it provide functions similar to those of other popular IRC clients such as 'X-chat, its design emphasizes ease of use. Konversation includes tabbed browsing and notification of messages and other events.

KDE software connects you to the world. See Internet, Networking, & Communication for more.

Multimedia
Multimedia

## Multimedia

The best in multimedia is installed when you open your new Kubuntu™ installation. If you get an error message about “missing codecs” please install `kubuntu-restricted-extras`. You can find your Multimedia applications through Kickoff → Applications → Multimedia.

The following applications are installed by default:

- Pulseaudio keeps all your sound and video inputs and outputs working together. If you need to direct your audio or video output to other devices, install the pavucontrol package, launch it by pressing Alt+F2, then type `pavucontrol`.

- Exploring your music in Kubuntu™ is exciting with the pre-installed Amarok music player. For more about how to use and customize it see Amarok.

- K3b is a simple, powerful and highly-configurable graphical optical disk burning application for audio, video, data projects.

- Kmix controls all your audio channels.

- Dragon Player is a simple interface for playing your movies, TV shows, and music.

Office
Office

## Office

The default office suite installed in Kubuntu™ is LibreOffice. It includes Calc, Draw, Impress, Math, Base and Writer. This suite is the open source equivalent of the Microsoft Office suite and each application corresponds to a similar product in that line.

- Calc = Excel

- Writer = Word

- Impress = Powerpoint

- Base = Access

LibreOffice® works well with the files created by their Microsoft counterparts, with the exception of Microsoft Access files.

For more information see LibreOffice.

### Personal Information Manager (PIM)

Installed with your system is the KDE Personal Information Manager Kontact. This includes many tools

to manage your life.

- email

- contacts

- diary

- notes

- feeds

- to-do list

Please see Kontact for more details and help with this powerful set of tools.

System Settings
System Settings

## System Settings

Information on adjusting system settings can be found at System Settings.

Utilities
Utilities

## Utilities

Your newly installed Kubuntu™ system has some utilities already installed. One of the most useful is not in your menus; just press ALT+F2. Look at the top of your screen; there is one of your most powerful utilities, called Krunner. See more here: Krunner.

The following utility applications are installed by default:

- Kate is the default text editor for KDE. It has many great features for editing plain text or writing code in many different languages.

- Ark is the default tool for handling archives of files such as `tar, gzip, bzip2, zip, rar and 7z`.

- Klipper is a clipboard to hold copied text for later use. Unlike other clipboards it will hold your entire copied text, rather than just one line.

- Knotes is a sticky-note application to post notes on your desktop.

- KCalc offers basic calculator functions and much more.

- Konsole is the KDE terminal emulator, it can be used to run console shells.

### Bash

Bash is the default shell in Konsole and the terminals. Click for more on using the Terminal.

Firewall configuration
Firewall configuration

## Firewall configuration

Ufw is the default commandline configuration tool for the firewall. Ufw stands for Uncomplicated Firewall, it is developed to ease iptables firewall configuration. For more information about ufw see: UFW

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Chapter 11. Support
Support

# Chapter 11. Support

## Contact and Support

There are three ways to contact with the Kubuntu™ Project; mailing lists (email), Internet Relay Chat (IRC), and the forums.

### Mailing Lists

Mailing lists are the Kubuntu™ Project's official communication tools. They allow for email discussion and have searchable archives.

Subscribe:

To begin using the mailing lists, please subscribe. Subscribing allows you to post a message without having it sit in an authorization queue, and allows you to receive messages from others who are also subscribed to the mailing list.

Before you send a message, check to see if the topic has been raised in the past. To do this, use Google to search the archives.

- Kubuntu users

Register: https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users

Archive: https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kubuntu-users

- Kubuntu development

Register: https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-devel

Archive: https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kubuntu-devel

- Kubuntu documentation

Register: https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-doc

Archive: https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-doc

### Internet Relay Chat

IRC allows you to communicate in real-time with many others who are also using IRC and are on common networks and channels. For more information about IRC clients, see Chat Clients.

You can also use your browser to chat. To do so, go to the Webchat page.

#### IRC Networks

All Ubuntu™ and Kubuntu™ channels are on the Freenode network. The server address is 'irc.freenode.net', and the default port is '6667'.

Use the command `/join #channelname` to join a channel.

`For example:`/join #kubuntu``

Kubuntu IRC Channels

- #kubuntu: The official Kubuntu Support channel

Connect to #kubuntu on the web here: #kubuntu

- #kubuntu-offtopic: For off-topic chatter with your fellow Kubuntu users

- #kubuntu-devel: This is the channel where the developers hang out

### Forums

Kubuntu™ Forums are located at:

Kubuntu Forums

### Application Help

In most KDE applications there is a 'Help' button in the toolbar that will lead you to the handbook. For general KDE documentation, see KDE Documentation and KDE Userbase Wiki.

Kubuntu Phone Support
Kubuntu Phone Support

## Kubuntu Phone Support

If you or your organisation needs help with your computer systems running Kubuntu™ but you don't want to worry about the best IRC channel to ask in you can pay some money and phone up the office in England to get some help. They will use phone, e-mail, Google hangout, Skype, VNC and any other method you like to help diagnose the issue and resolve it for you.

Click here for more information.

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Chapter 12. Credits and License
Credits and License

# Chapter 12. Credits and License

Documentation Copyright see the UserBase Kubuntu page history

This documentation is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.