# Introduction

The KiCad Team

Copyright

This document is Copyright The KiCad Documentation Contributors. You may distribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU General Public License (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html), version 3 or later, or the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), version 3.0 or later.

All trademarks within this guide belong to their legitimate owners.

Contributors

Jon Evans, Graham Keeth

Feedback

The KiCad project welcomes feedback, bug reports, and suggestions related to the software or its documentation. For more information on how to submit feedback or report an issue, please see the instructions at https://www.kicad.org/help/report-an-issue/

Software and Documentation Version

This user manual is based on KiCad 9.0.8. Functionality and appearance may be different in other versions of KiCad.

Documentation revision: `9.0.8`.

Publication date

2025-02-18

## 1. Welcome

KiCad is a free and open-source electronics design automation (EDA) suite. It features schematic capture, integrated circuit simulation, printed circuit board (PCB) layout, 3D rendering, and plotting/data export to numerous formats. KiCad also includes a high-quality component library featuring thousands of symbols, footprints, and 3D models. KiCad has minimal system requirements and runs on Linux, Windows, and macOS.

KiCad 9.0 is the most recent major release. It includes hundreds of new features and bug fixes. Some of the most notable new features include:

- You can now define output jobsets, which can generate multiple output files from your schematic and PCB design files at the click of a button. Jobsets can be used to generate fabrication outputs, run ERC and DRC, and perform other automated tasks. You can also reuse jobset definitions between projects.

- The interactive router has been improved in many ways, including adding the ability to drag multiple traces. Performance has also been improved.

- Nets can now have multiple net classes assigned, with cascading properties based on net class priority.

- Symbols can be assigned to component classes, which conceptually group related components together. Component classes can be used in the PCB editor for applying DRC rules to related components, or as part of multichannel (repeated) layouts.

- Padstacks have been added, allowing independent control over pad/via sizes and shapes for each board layer. Via tenting can also be controlled per-via and per-side.

- The PCB Editor now supports multichannel layouts, where the layout for one section of a board can be repeated multiple times and applied to other parts of the design that should be laid out in the same way.

- The selection filter is now available in the Schematic and Symbol Editors. This complements the selection filter in the PCB and Footprint Editors, which were added in version 6.0.

- External files, such as datasheets, drawing sheets, 3D models, and fonts, can be embedded in a schematic or board file for greater portability.

- New design rule checks have been added for creepage, differential pair skew, and acute angles between tracks. Clearance and Creepage checks now display the minimum clearance/creepage path visually.

- Board designs can be exported in the ODB++ format, which includes complete fabrication and assembly information in a single archive.

- The 3D model exporter has been improved to support more formats. It also supports modelling more copper details from the board and provides more options to control which data is included.

- The KiCad Project Manager now supports git operations for projects that are version controlled using git.

- The Schematic and PCB Editors can now draw and edit tables for displaying tabular data.

- A bezier curve tool has been added in all editors.

- New positioning shape modification tools have been added in the PCB and Footprint Editors, including an interactive positioning tool, an outset shape tool, and a dogbone corner tool.

- Improved snapping features have been added while editing shapes in the PCB and Footprint Editors. You can snap to endpoints, intersections, and projections from other snapping points. Graphical indicators are shown that describe the active snapping point.

- A new IPC API has been developed for creating PCB Editor plugins and scripts. In version 9, this is only available in the PCB Editor. In future versions of KiCad, this will also be available in the Schematic Editor. The legacy SWIG-based plugin system still exists, but will be removed in a future version of KiCad.

- Significant improvements have been made to the Symbol, Footprint, and 3D Model libraries.

A full listing of new features and changes in KiCad 9.0 can be found here.

## 2. Installing and Upgrading KiCad

KiCad maintains compatibility and support with the maintained versions of Microsoft Windows, Apple macOS, and a number of Linux distributions. Some platforms have specific installation or upgrade instructions. Always check https://www.kicad.org/download/ for the latest release information and instructions for your platform.

KiCad may compile and run on platforms that are not officially supported. The KiCad development team makes no guarantees that KiCad will continue to work on these platforms in the future. See https://www.kicad.org/help/system-requirements/ for more details on supported platforms and hardware requirements.

KiCad uses a "major.minor.point" release version format. Major releases bring new features and other significant changes to the code. Minor releases are relatively rare and typically bring bug fixes that are too complicated for a point release. Point releases contain only bugfixes. Users are encouraged to update to the latest point release for their current major.minor version promptly, as these releases will not break file compatibility. Major releases almost always come with changes to file formats. KiCad is in general always backwards compatible with files created by older versions, but not forwards compatible: Once files are edited and saved by a new major version, these files will not be openable by the previous major version.

### 2.1. Migrating from Previous Versions

In general, to migrate a design to a new version of KiCad, simply open the project with the new version, then open the schematic and PCB and save each file. More details about specific issues that may come up when migrating designs is covered in the Schematic Editor and PCB Editor chapters of the manual.

Note | Make sure to save a backup of your design before opening it with a new version of KiCad. Once saved in a new major version of KiCad, designs can no longer be opened by previous major versions.

The symbol library format changed in KiCad 6.0. To continue editing symbol libraries made with a previous version of KiCad, these libraries need to be migrated to the new format. For details on this process, see the Schematic Editor chapter of the manual. Symbol libraries that have not been migrated can still be opened and used in read-only mode.

## 3. KiCad Workflow

This section presents a high-level overview of the typical KiCad workflow. Note that KiCad is a flexible software system, and there are other ways of working that are not described here. For more information about each of the steps described in this section, please see the later chapters in this manual.

Note | A number of tutorials and guided lessons in using KiCad have been created by community members. These resources can be a good way to learn KiCad for some new users. See the Further Reading section at the end of this chapter for more information.

### 3.1. Basic Terminology

KiCad uses a number of terms that are fairly standard in the area of electronics design automation (EDA) software, and some that are more specific to KiCad. This section lists some of the most common terms used throughout KiCad’s documentation and user interface. Other terms that are more specific to a certain part of the KiCad workflow are defined later in this manual.

A schematic is a collection of one or more pages (sheets) of circuit schematic drawings. Each KiCad schematic file represents a single sheet.

A hierarchical schematic is a schematic consisting of multiple pages nested inside each other. KiCad supports hierarchical schematics, but there must be a single root sheet at the top of the hierarchy. Sheets within a hierarchy (other than the root sheet) may be used more than once, for example to create repeated copies of a subcircuit.

A symbol is a circuit element that can be placed on a schematic. Symbols can represent physical electrical components, such as a resistor or microcontroller, or non-physical concepts such as a power or ground rail. Symbols have pins which serve as the connection points that can be wired to each other in a schematic. For physical components, each pin corresponds to a distinct physical connection on the component (for example, a resistor symbol will have two pins, one for each terminal of the resistor). Symbols are stored in symbol libraries so they can be used in many schematics.

A netlist is a representation of a schematic that is used to convey information to another program. There are many netlist formats used by various EDA programs, and KiCad has its own netlist format that is used internally to pass information back and forth between the schematic and PCB editors. The netlist contains (among other things) all the information about which pins connect to each other, and what name should be given to each net, or set of connected pins. Netlists can be written to a netlist file, but in modern versions of KiCad, this is not necessary as part of the normal workflow.

A printed circuit board, or PCB, is a design document that represents the physical implementation of a schematic (or technically, a netlist). Each KiCad board file refers to a single PCB design. There is no official support for creating arrays or panels of PCBs within KiCad, although some community-created add-ons provide this functionality.

A footprint is a circuit element that can be placed on a PCB. Footprints often represent physical electrical components, but can also be used as a library of design elements (silkscreen logos, copper antennas and coils, etc.). Footprints can have pads which represent copper areas that are electrically-connected. The netlist will associate symbol pins with footprint pads.

A worksheet is a drawing template, typically containing a title block and frame, that is used as the template for schematic sheets and PCB drawings.

Plotting is the process of creating manufacturing outputs from a design. These outputs may include machine-readable formats such as Gerber files or pick-and-place listings, as well as human-readable formats such as PDF drawings.

Ngspice is a mixed-signal circuit simulator, originally based on Berkeley SPICE, that is integrated into KiCad’s schematic editor. By using symbols with attached SPICE models, you can run circuit simulations on KiCad schematics and plot the results graphically.

### 3.2. KiCad Components

KiCad consists of a number of different software components, some of which are integrated together to facilitate the PCB design workflow, and some of which are standalone. In early versions of KiCad, there was very little integration between the software components. For example, the schematic editor (historically called Eeschema) and PCB editor (historically called PcbNew) were separate applications that had no direct link, and to create a PCB based on a schematic, users had to generate a netlist file in Eeschema and then read this netlist file in PcbNew. In modern versions of KiCad, the schematic and PCB editor are integrated into the KiCad project manager, and using netlist files is no longer required. Many tutorials still exist that refer to the old KiCad workflow of separate applications and netlist files, so be sure to check the version being used when looking at tutorials and other documentation.

The main KiCad components are usually started from the launcher buttons in the KiCad project manager window. These components include:

Component name | Description
--- | ---
Schematic Editor | Create and edit schematics; simulate circuits with SPICE; generate BOM files
Symbol Editor | Create and edit schematic symbols and manage symbol libraries
PCB Editor | Create and edit PCBs; export 2D and 3D files; generate fabrication output files
Footprint Editor | Create and edit PCB component footprints and manage footprint libraries
GerbView | Gerber and drill file viewer
Bitmap2Component | Convert bitmap images to symbols or footprints
PCB Calculator | Calculator for components, track width, electrical spacing, color codes, etc.
Page Layout Editor | Create and edit worksheet files

### 3.3. User Interface

KiCad has a number of user interface behaviors that are common to all the different editor windows. Some of these behaviors are described in more detail in later chapters of this manual.

Objects can be selected by clicking on them or by dragging a selection window around them. Dragging from left to right will result in a selection of any items that are completely within the window. Dragging from right to left will result in a selection of any items that touch the window. Pressing certain modifier keys while clicking or dragging will change the selection behavior. These keys are platform-specific and are described in the Editing Options section of the Preferences dialog.

KiCad editors have the concept of a tool which can be thought of as a mode that the editor is in. The default tool is the selection tool, which means that clicking will select objects under the mouse cursor. There are also tools for placing new objects, inspecting existing objects, etc. The active tool is highlighted in the toolbar, and the name of the active tool is shown in the bottom right of the editor in the status bar. Pressing `Esc` always means "cancel" in KiCad: if a tool is in the middle of some action (for example, routing tracks), the first press of `Esc` will cancel that action. The next press of `Esc` will exit the tool complely, returning to the default selection tool. With the selection tool active, pressing `Esc` will clear the current selection, if one exists.

## 4. Further Reading

The latest version of this manual can be found in multiple languages at https://docs.kicad.org Manuals for previous versions of KiCad can also be found at that website.

The KiCad user community includes a number of forums and chat platforms that are operated independently from the KiCad development team but are fully endorsed as a great way to find help with problems, learn tips and tricks, and share examples of KiCad projects. A listing of community resources is available under the Community heading at https://www.kicad.org

Users interested in compiling KiCad from source and/or contributing to KiCad development should visit our developer documentation site at https://dev-docs.kicad.org for instructions, policies and guidelines, and technical information about the KiCad codebase.