## Name

glReadPixels, glReadnPixels — read a block of pixels from the frame buffer

## C Specification

`void glReadPixels(` | GLint x,
| GLint y,
| GLsizei width,
| GLsizei height,
| GLenum format,
| GLenum type,
| GLvoid * data`)`;

`void glReadnPixels(` | GLint x,
| GLint y,
| GLsizei width,
| GLsizei height,
| GLenum format,
| GLenum type,
| GLsizei bufSize,
| void *data`)`;

## Parameters

`x`, `y`

  Specify the window coordinates of the first pixel that is read from the frame buffer. This location is the lower left corner of a rectangular block of pixels.

`width`, `height`

  Specify the dimensions of the pixel rectangle. `width` and `height` of one correspond to a single pixel.

`format`

  Specifies the format of the pixel data. The following symbolic values are accepted: `GL_STENCIL_INDEX`, `GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT`, `GL_DEPTH_STENCIL`, `GL_RED`, `GL_GREEN`, `GL_BLUE`, `GL_RGB`, `GL_BGR`, `GL_RGBA`, and `GL_BGRA`.

`type`

  Specifies the data type of the pixel data. Must be one of `GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE`, `GL_BYTE`, `GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT`, `GL_SHORT`, `GL_UNSIGNED_INT`, `GL_INT`, `GL_HALF_FLOAT`, `GL_FLOAT`, `GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE_3_3_2`, `GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE_2_3_3_REV`, `GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5`, `GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5_REV`, `GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4`, `GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4_REV`, `GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_5_5_1`, `GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_1_5_5_5_REV`, `GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8`, `GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8_REV`, `GL_UNSIGNED_INT_10_10_10_2`, `GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV`, `GL_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8`, `GL_UNSIGNED_INT_10F_11F_11F_REV`, `GL_UNSIGNED_INT_5_9_9_9_REV`, or `GL_FLOAT_32_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8_REV`.

`bufSize`

  Specifies the size of the buffer `data` for `glReadnPixels` function.

`data`

  Returns the pixel data.

## Description

`glReadPixels` and `glReadnPixels` return pixel data from the frame buffer, starting with the pixel whose lower left corner is at location (`x`, `y`), into client memory starting at location `data`. Several parameters control the processing of the pixel data before it is placed into client memory. These parameters are set with glPixelStore. This reference page describes the effects on `glReadPixels` and `glReadnPixels` of most, but not all of the parameters specified by these three commands.

If a non-zero named buffer object is bound to the `GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER` target (see glBindBuffer) while a block of pixels is requested, `data` is treated as a byte offset into the buffer object's data store rather than a pointer to client memory.

`glReadPixels` and `glReadnPixels` return values from each pixel with lower left corner at x + i y + j for 0 <= i < width and 0 <= j < height . This pixel is said to be the ith pixel in the jth row. Pixels are returned in row order from the lowest to the highest row, left to right in each row.

`format` specifies the format for the returned pixel values; accepted values are:

`GL_STENCIL_INDEX`

  Stencil values are read from the stencil buffer.

`GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT`

  Depth values are read from the depth buffer. Each component is converted to floating point such that the minimum depth value maps to 0 and the maximum value maps to 1. Each component is clamped to the range 0 1 .

`GL_DEPTH_STENCIL`

  Values are taken from both the depth and stencil buffers. The `type` parameter must be `GL_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8` or `GL_FLOAT_32_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8_REV`.

`GL_RED`, `GL_GREEN`, `GL_BLUE`, `GL_RGB`, `GL_BGR`, `GL_RGBA`, `GL_BGRA`

  Color values are taken from the color buffer.

Finally, the indices or components are converted to the proper format, as specified by `type`. If `format` is `GL_STENCIL_INDEX` and `type` is not `GL_FLOAT`, each index is masked with the mask value given in the following table. If `type` is `GL_FLOAT`, then each integer index is converted to single-precision floating-point format.

If `format` is `GL_RED`, `GL_GREEN`, `GL_BLUE`, `GL_RGB`, `GL_BGR`, `GL_RGBA`, or `GL_BGRA` and `type` is not `GL_FLOAT`, each component is multiplied by the multiplier shown in the following table. If type is `GL_FLOAT`, then each component is passed as is (or converted to the client's single-precision floating-point format if it is different from the one used by the GL).

`type` | Index Mask | Component Conversion
--- | --- | ---
`GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE` | 2 8 - 1 | 2 8 - 1 ⁢ c
`GL_BYTE` | 2 7 - 1 | 2 8 - 1 ⁢ c - 1 2
`GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT` | 2 16 - 1 | 2 16 - 1 ⁢ c
`GL_SHORT` | 2 15 - 1 | 2 16 - 1 ⁢ c - 1 2
`GL_UNSIGNED_INT` | 2 32 - 1 | 2 32 - 1 ⁢ c
`GL_INT` | 2 31 - 1 | 2 32 - 1 ⁢ c - 1 2
`GL_HALF_FLOAT` | none | c
`GL_FLOAT` | none | c
`GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE_3_3_2` | 2 N - 1 | 2 N - 1 ⁢ c
`GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE_2_3_3_REV` | 2 N - 1 | 2 N - 1 ⁢ c
`GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5` | 2 N - 1 | 2 N - 1 ⁢ c
`GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5_REV` | 2 N - 1 | 2 N - 1 ⁢ c
`GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4` | 2 N - 1 | 2 N - 1 ⁢ c
`GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4_REV` | 2 N - 1 | 2 N - 1 ⁢ c
`GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_5_5_1` | 2 N - 1 | 2 N - 1 ⁢ c
`GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_1_5_5_5_REV` | 2 N - 1 | 2 N - 1 ⁢ c
`GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8` | 2 N - 1 | 2 N - 1 ⁢ c
`GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8_REV` | 2 N - 1 | 2 N - 1 ⁢ c
`GL_UNSIGNED_INT_10_10_10_2` | 2 N - 1 | 2 N - 1 ⁢ c
`GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV` | 2 N - 1 | 2 N - 1 ⁢ c
`GL_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8` | 2 N - 1 | 2 N - 1 ⁢ c
`GL_UNSIGNED_INT_10F_11F_11F_REV` | -- | Special
`GL_UNSIGNED_INT_5_9_9_9_REV` | -- | Special
`GL_FLOAT_32_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8_REV` | none | c (Depth Only)

Return values are placed in memory as follows. If `format` is `GL_STENCIL_INDEX`, `GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT`, `GL_RED`, `GL_GREEN`, or `GL_BLUE`, a single value is returned and the data for the ith pixel in the jth row is placed in location j ⁢ width + i . `GL_RGB` and `GL_BGR` return three values, `GL_RGBA` and `GL_BGRA` return four values for each pixel, with all values corresponding to a single pixel occupying contiguous space in `data`. Storage parameters set by glPixelStore, such as `GL_PACK_LSB_FIRST` and `GL_PACK_SWAP_BYTES`, affect the way that data is written into memory. See glPixelStore for a description.

`glReadnPixels` function will only handle the call if `bufSize` is at least of the size required to store the requested data. Otherwise, it will generate a `GL_INVALID_OPERATION` error.

## Notes

Values for pixels that lie outside the window connected to the current GL context are undefined.

If an error is generated, no change is made to the contents of `data`.

## Errors

`GL_INVALID_ENUM` is generated if `format` or `type` is not an accepted value.

`GL_INVALID_VALUE` is generated if either `width` or `height` is negative.

`GL_INVALID_OPERATION` is generated if `format` is `GL_STENCIL_INDEX` and there is no stencil buffer.

`GL_INVALID_OPERATION` is generated if `format` is `GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT` and there is no depth buffer.

`GL_INVALID_OPERATION` is generated if `format` is `GL_DEPTH_STENCIL` and there is no depth buffer or if there is no stencil buffer.

`GL_INVALID_ENUM` is generated if `format` is `GL_DEPTH_STENCIL` and `type` is not `GL_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8` or `GL_FLOAT_32_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8_REV`.

`GL_INVALID_OPERATION` is generated if `type` is one of `GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE_3_3_2`, `GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE_2_3_3_REV`, `GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5`, or `GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5_REV` and `format` is not `GL_RGB`.

`GL_INVALID_OPERATION` is generated if `type` is one of `GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4`, `GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4_REV`, `GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_5_5_1`, `GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_1_5_5_5_REV`, `GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8`, `GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8_REV`, `GL_UNSIGNED_INT_10_10_10_2`, or `GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV` and `format` is neither `GL_RGBA` nor `GL_BGRA`.

`GL_INVALID_OPERATION` is generated if a non-zero buffer object name is bound to the `GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER` target and the buffer object's data store is currently mapped.

`GL_INVALID_OPERATION` is generated if a non-zero buffer object name is bound to the `GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER` target and the data would be packed to the buffer object such that the memory writes required would exceed the data store size.

`GL_INVALID_OPERATION` is generated if a non-zero buffer object name is bound to the `GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER` target and `data` is not evenly divisible into the number of bytes needed to store in memory a datum indicated by `type`.

`GL_INVALID_OPERATION` is generated if `GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING` is non-zero, the read framebuffer is complete, and the value of `GL_SAMPLE_BUFFERS` for the read framebuffer is greater than zero.

`GL_INVALID_OPERATION` is generated by `glReadnPixels` if the buffer size required to store the requested data is greater than `bufSize`.

## Associated Gets

glGet with argument `GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER_BINDING`

## Version Support

| OpenGL Version
--- | ---
Function / Feature Name | 2.0 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.5
`glReadPixels` | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔
`glReadnPixels` | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ✔

## See Also

glPixelStore, glReadBuffer

## Copyright

Copyright © 1991-2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc. Copyright © 2010-2014 Khronos Group. This document is licensed under the SGI Free Software B License. For details, see http://oss.sgi.com/projects/FreeB/.