### Gábor Csárdi

Department of Statistics, Harvard University

1 Oxford street, Cambridge, MA, 02138 USA

### Tamás Nepusz

Department of Biological Physics, Eötvös Loránd University

1/a Pázmány Péter sétány, 1117 Budapest, Hungary

### Vincent Traag

Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University

Room B5.31, Kolffpad 1, 2333 BN Leiden, Netherlands

### Szabolcs Horvát

Department of Computer Science, Reykjavik University

Menntavegur 1, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland

### Fabio Zanini

Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales

Room 211, Botany and High St, Kensington, NSW, 2033, Australia

### Daniel Noom

jitjit software development

Amsterdam, Netherlands

1.0.1

This manual is for igraph, version 1.0.1.

Copyright (C) 2005-2019 Gábor Csárdi and Tamás Nepusz. Copyright (C) 2020-2025 igraph development team. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.