======
Vimode
======

.. contents::


About
=====

Vimode is a Vim-mode plugin for Geany written by a guy who does not use Vim.
Expect problems unexpected by a Vim user and, please, report them.

Despite the limited Vim knowledge of the author, the plugin tries to be a
reasonably complete Vim mode implementation featuring:

* normal mode, insert/replace mode, visual mode, line visual mode
* repeated commands (e.g. 10dd - delete 10 lines)
* "motion" commands (e.g. d10l - delete 10 characters to the right)
* "text object" commands (e.g. di( - delete inner contents of parentheses)
* visual mode commands (e.g. ~ to swap case of the selected text)
* basic ex mode commands like :s, including range specifications (e.g.
  :5,8s/foo/bar/g - replace foo with bar on lines 5 through 8)
* most basic navigation, selection and text manipulation commands - see the end
  of this file for the full list
* command repetition using "." and repeated insert

It should be relatively easy to add more (non-special) commands so if you run
into something you are missing, please let me know.

Setup and Configuration
=======================
The plugin can be enabled/disabled from the Plugin Manager of Geany. Once enabled,
it adds a new menu called Vim Mode under the Tools menu with the following items.

Enable Vim Mode
---------------
Enables/disables the Vim mode. A keybinding can be assigned to this action so
you can for instance use Geany normally and enable/disable the Vim mode as
needed.

Insert Mode for Dummies
-----------------------
This makes the insert mode behave like normal Geany, only the escape key allows
you to switch to the Vim command mode. This is basically "Vim for the rest of us"
who want to use the editor in a standard (understand non-vim) way but who like
the idea of having access to Vim commands from time to time. Highly unintrusive
so you basically do not know about the Vim mode normally.

Start in Insert Mode
--------------------
By default, the plugin starts in the normal mode. If you enable the "dummies"
mode above, you might also want to enable this option so you do not have to
switch to the insert mode manually when the application starts.

Behavior
========
Upon changing mode, the plugin writes the current mode in the status bar. The
caret shape also indicates the current mode:

* block, not blinking - normal mode
* vertical line, not blinking - visual mode
* blinking vertical line - insert mode
* blinking underscore - replace mode

When evaluating key presses, the plugin checks if the keypress is a Vim command
or a part of a command in which case the plugin consumes the key press event
and does not propagate it to Geany. When the keypress is not a Vim command,
the plugin sends it to Geany which processes it normally based in its internal
logic. This means that it is still possible to use normal Geany keybindings
with this plugin unless they conflict with a Vim command.

If autocompletion popups or tooltips are present in insert mode, escape closes
them first without entering the normal mode so you do not enter normal mode
by accident.

Limitations and Problems
------------------------
I tried to implement a reasonable subset of Vim commands but please note that
the judgement what is a reasonable set of commands was made by a guy who does not
use Vim. So it is very probable I missed some totally fundamental behavior
of Vim every Vim user would expect to be present. Please report such problems.

This is an incomplete list of known limitations of the plugin:

* selection in visual mode does not behave the same way as in Vim - the reason is
  that the editor component Geany uses (Scintilla) uses cursor which is always
  between characters and not on characters (block cursor which appears to be
  on top of a character behaves as if it were before the character). This may lead
  to situations when the position of the cursor is off by one. This issue might
  be fixed later but it will be tricky.
* undo does not preserve cursor position the same way Vim does - probably fixable
* block visual mode is not implemented - probably possible using Scintilla's
  multiple selection feature
* select submode of insert mode is not implemented
* named registers and related commands are not implemented
* Ctrl+X mode is not implemented
* marks are not implemented
* fold commands are not implemented
* most commands starting with "'", "z", and "g" are not implemented
* most ex mode commands are not implemented (excluding basic stuff like search,
  replace, saving, etc.)
* despite being mentioned below, none of the commands for quitting (:q, ZZ, etc.)
  work because the corresponding function is not in Geany API yet - everything is
  ready in the plugin though
* only the 'g' flag is supported in the substitute command
* in search and substitute the regular expressions are based on Scintilla regular
  expressions which differ from Vim. Check the Scintilla documentation at
  http://www.scintilla.org/ScintillaDoc.html#Searching for more details.
  In addition, \c is also supported to allow case-insensitive search.

FAQ
===

Why does Vimode suck so much?
-----------------------------
Well, it simulates the Vim behavior - what did you expect?

No, stupid, I mean why does your implementation suck so much?
-------------------------------------------------------------
Ah, that's simple - I am not a Vim user. Before writing this plugin, I knew
about 5 Vim commands (after writing this plugin, my knowledge has nearly doubled).
Even though I kind of like the idea behind the editor, my poor brain isn't able
to remember in which mode I currently am and what keypresses I can use. This
means I don't really know how a typical user uses Vim and I probably miss
some very basic things Vim users take for granted. Please report such issues
so I can improve the plugin.

So why the hell did you write this plugin?
------------------------------------------
It was the constant whining of Vim users at Prague and Chemnitz Linux Days which
made me write the plugin. And it turned out that writing a Vim editor is
quite a lot of fun - much more than using it.

Meh, even I could write a better Vim plugin
-------------------------------------------
Great! Submit patches! Fix bugs! All contributions are really welcome.

Help! I enabled your plugin together with others and the editor is really strange now!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This, my friend, is the world of Vim. Welcome! Fortunately, you can easily
disable it using Geany's Plugin Manager. Phew!

Help! I am a long-time Vim user and can't quit the editor, :q doesn't work!
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Geany currently doesn't allow plugins to quit the editor so you have to do
it in a non-vim way. This is where the tricky part starts for Vim users: with your
mouse navigate to the top-right corner of the window to the X button and click
it - behold, the window closes (I know, totally counter-intuitive for Vim users).

After building the plugin, I noticed a binary called viw, what is it?
---------------------------------------------------------------------
After I started writing the plugin, I soon realized that in fact, I am writing
a new editor. I nearly didn't use any Geany calls and most of the code just
calls the Scintilla API. At this point I decided to separate the Geany plugin
part from the rest of the code which is completely Geany-independent. And now
I could write a simple editor which just uses Scintilla and GTK (well,
not exactly - the way it builds now it still uses Scintilla from libgeany
but the build could be easily modified to link against statically built
Scintilla without any Geany dependency). So yeah, I'm a real man now, have my own
editor - it only sucks it's a Vim clone. And in fact it turned out to be useful
for the development of the plugin because one can use the viw (Vi Worsened)
editor for testing instead of having to restart Geany all the time.

So does it mean I could use your code and add Vim support to another editor?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yes - as long as the editor is based on Scintilla and GTK. If it is, it should
be really simple - just check the "backends" directory how it is done for Geany
and viw. I believe it should still be quite simple to modify the code if
the editor uses Scintilla but doesn't use GTK - the amount of the used GTK code
is very small (most work will be with re-mapping the key event codes to the
other library). If your editor isn't Scintilla-based, you are more or less
doomed - most of the code deals with Scintilla and switching to a different
editor component basically means rewriting the plugin.

Contact
=======

Author
------
Jiří Techet, <techet(at)gmail(dot)com>.

Bug Reports
-----------
To report bugs, please use the Geany-Plugins GitHub page at
https://github.com/geany/geany-plugins/issues

License
=======

Vimode is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
License, or (at your option) any later version.  A copy of this license
can be found in the file COPYING included with the source code of this
program.

Downloads
=========

Vimode is part of the combined Geany Plugins release. For more information and
downloads, please visit http://plugins.geany.org/geany-plugins/

Source Code
===========

The source code is available at::

    git clone https://github.com/geany/geany-plugins.git

Implemented Commands
====================
The rest of the file contains a list of Vim commands which have been at least
partially implemented in the plugin. This is taken from the index.txt Vim help
file which is also present in the root directory of the plugin. If you add
a new command, please do not forget to update the table below.::

    ==============================================================================
    1. Insert mode                                          insert-index

    tag             char            action in Insert mode   
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    i_CTRL-@      CTRL-@          insert previously inserted text and stop
                                    insert
    i_CTRL-A      CTRL-A          insert previously inserted text
    i_CTRL-C      CTRL-C          quit insert mode, without checking for
                                    abbreviation, unless 'insertmode' set.
    i_CTRL-D      CTRL-D          delete one shiftwidth of indent in the current
                                    line
    i_CTRL-E      CTRL-E          insert the character which is below the cursor
    i_<BS>        <BS>            delete character before the cursor
    i_CTRL-H      CTRL-H          same as <BS>
    i_<Tab>       <Tab>           insert a <Tab> character
    i_CTRL-I      CTRL-I          same as <Tab>
    i_<NL>        <NL>            same as <CR>
    i_CTRL-J      CTRL-J          same as <CR>
    i_<CR>        <CR>            begin new line
    i_CTRL-M      CTRL-M          same as <CR>
    i_CTRL-O      CTRL-O          execute a single command and return to insert
                                    mode
    i_CTRL-T      CTRL-T          insert one shiftwidth of indent in current
                                    line
    i_CTRL-W      CTRL-W          delete word before the cursor
    i_CTRL-Y      CTRL-Y          insert the character which is above the cursor
    i_<Esc>       <Esc>           end insert mode (unless 'insertmode' set)
    i_CTRL-[      CTRL-[          same as <Esc>
    i_<Del>       <Del>           delete character under the cursor

    i_<Left>      <Left>          cursor one character left
    i_<S-Left>    <S-Left>        cursor one word left
    i_<C-Left>    <C-Left>        cursor one word left
    i_<Right>     <Right>         cursor one character right
    i_<S-Right>   <S-Right>       cursor one word right
    i_<C-Right>   <C-Right>       cursor one word right
    i_<Up>        <Up>            cursor one line up
    i_<S-Up>      <S-Up>          same as <PageUp>
    i_<Down>      <Down>          cursor one line down
    i_<S-Down>    <S-Down>        same as <PageDown>
    i_<Home>      <Home>          cursor to start of line
    i_<C-Home>    <C-Home>        cursor to start of file
    i_<End>       <End>           cursor past end of line
    i_<C-End>     <C-End>         cursor past end of file
    i_<PageUp>    <PageUp>        one screenful backward
    i_<PageDown>  <PageDown>      one screenful forward
    i_<Insert>    <Insert>        toggle Insert/Replace mode

    ==============================================================================
    2. Normal mode                                          normal-index

    CHAR     any non-blank character
    WORD     a sequence of non-blank characters
    N        a number entered before the command
    {motion} a cursor movement command
    Nmove    the text that is moved over with a {motion}
    SECTION  a section that possibly starts with '}' instead of '{'

    note: 1 = cursor movement command; 2 = can be undone/redone

    tag             char          note action in Normal mode        
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    CTRL-B        CTRL-B          1  scroll N screens Backwards
    CTRL-D        CTRL-D             scroll Down N lines (default: half a screen)
    CTRL-E        CTRL-E             scroll N lines upwards (N lines Extra)
    CTRL-F        CTRL-F          1  scroll N screens Forward
    <BS>          <BS>            1  same as "h"
    CTRL-H        CTRL-H          1  same as "h"
    <NL>          <NL>            1  same as "j"
    CTRL-J        CTRL-J          1  same as "j"
    <CR>          <CR>            1  cursor to the first CHAR N lines lower
    CTRL-M        CTRL-M          1  same as <CR>
    CTRL-N        CTRL-N          1  same as "j"
    CTRL-P        CTRL-P          1  same as "k"
    CTRL-R        CTRL-R          2  redo changes which were undone with 'u'
    CTRL-U        CTRL-U             scroll N lines Upwards (default: half a
                                       screen)
    CTRL-Y        CTRL-Y             scroll N lines downwards

    <Space>       <Space>         1  same as "l"
    #             #               1  search backward for the Nth occurrence of
                                       the ident under the cursor
    $             $               1  cursor to the end of Nth next line
    %             %               1  find the next (curly/square) bracket on
                                       this line and go to its match, or go to
                                       matching comment bracket, or go to matching
                                       preprocessor directive.
    N%            {count}%        1  go to N percentage in the file
    &             &               2  repeat last :s
    star          *               1  search forward for the Nth occurrence of
                                       the ident under the cursor
    +             +               1  same as <CR>
    ,             ,               1  repeat latest f, t, F or T in opposite
                                       direction N times
    -             -               1  cursor to the first CHAR N lines higher
    .             .               2  repeat last change with count replaced with
                                       N
    /             /{pattern}<CR>  1  search forward for the Nth occurrence of
                                       {pattern}
    /<CR>         /<CR>           1  search forward for {pattern} of last search
    count         0               1  cursor to the first char of the line
    count         1                  prepend to command to give a count
    count         2                       "
    count         3                       "
    count         4                       "
    count         5                       "
    count         6                       "
    count         7                       "
    count         8                       "
    count         9                       "
    :             :               1  start entering an Ex command
    ;             ;               1  repeat latest f, t, F or T N times
    <             <{motion}       2  shift Nmove lines one 'shiftwidth'
                                       leftwards
    <<            <<              2  shift N lines one 'shiftwidth' leftwards
    >             >{motion}       2  shift Nmove lines one 'shiftwidth'
                                       rightwards
    >>            >>              2  shift N lines one 'shiftwidth' rightwards
    ?             ?{pattern}<CR>  1  search backward for the Nth previous
                                       occurrence of {pattern}
    ?<CR>         ?<CR>           1  search backward for {pattern} of last search
    A             A               2  append text after the end of the line N times
    B             B               1  cursor N WORDS backward
    C             ["x]C           2  change from the cursor position to the end
                                       of the line, and N-1 more lines [into
                                       register x]; synonym for "c$"
    D             ["x]D           2  delete the characters under the cursor
                                       until the end of the line and N-1 more
                                       lines [into register x]; synonym for "d$"
    E             E               1  cursor forward to the end of WORD N
    F             F{char}         1  cursor to the Nth occurrence of {char} to
                                       the left
    G             G               1  cursor to line N, default last line
    H             H               1  cursor to line N from top of screen
    I             I               2  insert text before the first CHAR on the
                                       line N times
    J             J               2  Join N lines; default is 2
    L             L               1  cursor to line N from bottom of screen
    M             M               1  cursor to middle line of screen
    N             N               1  repeat the latest '/' or '?' N times in
                                       opposite direction
    O             O               2  begin a new line above the cursor and
                                       insert text, repeat N times
    P             ["x]P           2  put the text [from register x] before the
                                       cursor N times
    R             R               2  enter replace mode: overtype existing
                                       characters, repeat the entered text N-1
                                       times
    S             ["x]S           2  delete N lines [into register x] and start
                                       insert; synonym for "cc".
    T             T{char}         1  cursor till after Nth occurrence of {char}
                                       to the left
    V             V                  start linewise Visual mode
    W             W               1  cursor N WORDS forward
    X             ["x]X           2  delete N characters before the cursor [into
                                       register x]
    Y             ["x]Y              yank N lines [into register x]; synonym for
                                       "yy"
    ZZ            ZZ                 store current file if modified, and exit
    ZQ            ZQ                 exit current file always
    ^             ^               1  cursor to the first CHAR of the line
    _             _               1  cursor to the first CHAR N - 1 lines lower
    a             a               2  append text after the cursor N times
    b             b               1  cursor N words backward
    c             ["x]c{motion}   2  delete Nmove text [into register x] and
                                       start insert
    cc            ["x]cc          2  delete N lines [into register x] and start
                                       insert
    d             ["x]d{motion}   2  delete Nmove text [into register x]
    dd            ["x]dd          2  delete N lines [into register x]
    e             e               1  cursor forward to the end of word N
    f             f{char}         1  cursor to Nth occurrence of {char} to the
                                       right
    g             g{char}            extended commands, see g below
    h             h               1  cursor N chars to the left
    i             i               2  insert text before the cursor N times
    j             j               1  cursor N lines downward
    k             k               1  cursor N lines upward
    l             l               1  cursor N chars to the right
    n             n               1  repeat the latest '/' or '?' N times
    o             o               2  begin a new line below the cursor and
                                       insert text, repeat N times
    p             ["x]p           2  put the text [from register x] after the
                                       cursor N times
    r             r{char}         2  replace N chars with {char}
    s             ["x]s           2  (substitute) delete N characters [into
                                       register x] and start insert
    t             t{char}         1  cursor till before Nth occurrence of {char}
                                       to the right
    u             u               2  undo changes
    v             v                  start characterwise Visual mode
    w             w               1  cursor N words forward
    x             ["x]x           2  delete N characters under and after the
                                       cursor [into register x]
    y             ["x]y{motion}      yank Nmove text [into register x]
    yy            ["x]yy             yank N lines [into register x]
    bar           |               1  cursor to column N
    ~             ~               2  'tildeop' off: switch case of N characters
                                       under cursor and move the cursor N
                                       characters to the right
    <C-End>       <C-End>         1  same as "G"
    <C-Home>      <C-Home>        1  same as "gg"
    <C-Left>      <C-Left>        1  same as "b"
    <C-Right>     <C-Right>       1  same as "w"
    <Del>         ["x]<Del>       2  same as "x"
    <Down>        <Down>          1  same as "j"
    <End>         <End>           1  same as "$"
    <Home>        <Home>          1  same as "0"
    <Insert>      <Insert>        2  same as "i"
    <Left>        <Left>          1  same as "h"
    <PageDown>    <PageDown>         same as CTRL-F
    <PageUp>      <PageUp>           same as CTRL-B
    <Right>       <Right>         1  same as "l"
    <S-Down>      <S-Down>        1  same as CTRL-F
    <S-Left>      <S-Left>        1  same as "b"
    <S-Right>     <S-Right>       1  same as "w"
    <S-Up>        <S-Up>          1  same as CTRL-B
    <Up>          <Up>            1  same as "k"

    ==============================================================================
    2.1 Text objects                                                objects

    These can be used after an operator or in Visual mode to select an object.

    tag             command            action in op-pending and Visual mode 
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    v_aquote      a"                 double quoted string
    v_a'          a'                 single quoted string
    v_a(          a(                 same as ab
    v_a)          a)                 same as ab
    v_a<          a<                 "a <>" from '<' to the matching '>'
    v_a>          a>                 same as a<
    v_aB          aB                 "a Block" from "[{" to "]}" (with brackets)
    v_a[          a[                 "a []" from '[' to the matching ']'
    v_a]          a]                 same as a[
    v_a`          a`                 string in backticks
    v_ab          ab                 "a block" from "[(" to "])" (with braces)
    v_a{          a{                 same as aB
    v_a}          a}                 same as aB
    v_iquote      i"                 double quoted string without the quotes
    v_i'          i'                 single quoted string without the quotes
    v_i(          i(                 same as ib
    v_i)          i)                 same as ib
    v_i<          i<                 "inner <>" from '<' to the matching '>'
    v_i>          i>                 same as i<
    v_iB          iB                 "inner Block" from "[{" and "]}"
    v_i[          i[                 "inner []" from '[' to the matching ']'
    v_i]          i]                 same as i[
    v_i`          i`                 string in backticks without the backticks
    v_ib          ib                 "inner block" from "[(" to "])"
    v_i{          i{                 same as iB
    v_i}          i}                 same as iB

    ==============================================================================
    2.4 Commands starting with 'g'                                          g

    tag             char          note action in Normal mode        
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    gE            gE              1  go backwards to the end of the previous
                                       WORD
    gU            gU{motion}      2  make Nmove text uppercase
    ge            ge              1  go backwards to the end of the previous
                                       word
    gg            gg              1  cursor to line N, default first line
    gu            gu{motion}      2  make Nmove text lowercase
    g~            g~{motion}      2  swap case for Nmove text

    ==============================================================================
    2.5 Commands starting with 'z'                                          z

    tag             char          note action in Normal mode        
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    z<CR>         z<CR>              redraw, cursor line to top of window,
                                       cursor on first non-blank
    z+            z+                 cursor on line N (default line below
                                       window), otherwise like "z<CR>"
    z-            z-                 redraw, cursor line at bottom of window,
                                       cursor on first non-blank
    z.            z.                 redraw, cursor line to center of window,
                                       cursor on first non-blank
    zb            zb                 redraw, cursor line at bottom of window
    zt            zt                 redraw, cursor line at top of window
    zz            zz                 redraw, cursor line at center of window

    ==============================================================================
    3. Visual mode                                          visual-index

    Most commands in Visual mode are the same as in Normal mode.  The ones listed
    here are those that are different.

    tag             command       note action in Visual mode        
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    v_CTRL-C      CTRL-C             stop Visual mode
    v_:           :                  start a command-line with the highlighted
                                       lines as a range
    v_<           <               2  shift the highlighted lines one
                                       'shiftwidth' left
    v_>           >               2  shift the highlighted lines one
                                       'shiftwidth' right
    v_C           C               2  delete the highlighted lines and start
                                       insert
    v_D           D               2  delete the highlighted lines
    v_J           J               2  join the highlighted lines
    v_O           O                  Move horizontally to other corner of area.
    v_R           R               2  delete the highlighted lines and start
                                       insert
    v_S           S               2  delete the highlighted lines and start
                                       insert
    v_U           U               2  make highlighted area uppercase
    v_V           V                  make Visual mode linewise or stop Visual
                                       mode
    v_X           X               2  delete the highlighted lines
    v_Y           Y                  yank the highlighted lines
    v_c           c               2  delete highlighted area and start insert
    v_d           d               2  delete highlighted area
    v_o           o                  move cursor to other corner of area
    v_r           r               2  delete highlighted area and start insert
    v_s           s               2  delete highlighted area and start insert
    v_u           u               2  make highlighted area lowercase
    v_v           v                  make Visual mode characterwise or stop
                                       Visual mode
    v_x           x               2  delete the highlighted area
    v_y           y                  yank the highlighted area
    v_~           ~               2  swap case for the highlighted area

    ==============================================================================
    5. EX commands                                  ex-cmd-index :index

    This is a brief but complete listing of all the ":" commands, without
    mentioning any arguments.  The optional part of the command name is inside [].
    The commands are sorted on the non-optional part of their name.

    tag           command         action 
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    :&            :&              repeat last ":substitute"
    :<            :<              shift lines one 'shiftwidth' left
    :>            :>              shift lines one 'shiftwidth' right
    :copy         :co[py]         copy lines
    :cquit        :cq[uit]        quit Vim with an error code
    :delete       :d[elete]       delete lines
    :exit         :exi[t]         same as ":xit"
    :join         :j[oin]         join lines
    :move         :m[ove]         move lines
    :put          :pu[t]          insert contents of register in the text
    :quit         :q[uit]         quit current window (when one window quit Vim)
    :quitall      :quita[ll]      quit Vim
    :qall         :qa[ll]         quit Vim
    :redo         :red[o]         redo one undone change
    :substitute   :s[ubstitute]   find and replace text
    :t            :t              same as ":copy"
    :undo         :u[ndo]         undo last change(s)
    :update       :up[date]       write buffer if modified
    :write        :w[rite]        write to a file
    :wall         :wa[ll]         write all (changed) buffers
    :wq           :wq             write to a file and quit window or Vim
    :wqall        :wqa[ll]        write all changed buffers and quit Vim
    :xit          :x[it]          write if buffer changed and quit window or Vim
    :xall         :xa[ll]         same as ":wqall"
    :yank         :y[ank]         yank lines into a register
    :~            :~              repeat last ":substitute"
