## 12 Direct disc access ¶

If you notice that the positions and sizes in mapfile are always multiples of the sector size, maybe your kernel is caching the disc accesses and grouping them. In this case you may want to use direct disc access for infile, or read from a raw device, to bypass the kernel cache and rescue more of your data.

NOTE! Sector size must be correctly set with the option `--sector-size` for direct disc access to work.

NOTE: Direct disc access can copy arbitrary domains by reading whole sectors and then writing only the requested part. This is the only case where ddrescue tries to read data outside the rescue domain.

Try the option `--idirect` first. If direct disc access is not available in your system, try raw devices. Read your system documentation to find how to bind a raw device to a regular block device. Some OSs provide raw access through especial device names, like `/dev/rdisk`.

Ddrescue aligns its I/O buffer to the sector size so that it can be used for direct disc access or to read from raw devices. For efficiency reasons, also aligns it to the memory page size if page size is a multiple of sector size. On some systems, ddrescue can’t determine the size of a raw device, so an explicit option `--size` or `--complete-only` may be needed.

Using direct disc access, or reading from a raw device, may be slower or faster than normal cached reading depending on your OS and hardware. In case it is slower you may want to make a first pass using normal cached reads and use direct disc access, or a raw device, only to recover the good sectors inside the failed blocks.

Example 1: using direct disc access.

    ddrescue -f -n /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 mapfile
    ddrescue -d -f -r3 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 mapfile
    e2fsck -v -f /dev/sdc1
    mount -t ext2 -o ro /dev/sdc1 /mnt

Example 2: using a raw device.

    raw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdb1
    ddrescue -f -n /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 mapfile
    ddrescue -C -f -r3 /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdc1 mapfile
    raw /dev/raw/raw1 0 0
    e2fsck -v -f /dev/sdc1
    mount -t ext2 -o ro /dev/sdc1 /mnt