GDAL-RASTER-FILL-NODATA(1)

NAME
gdal-raster-fill-nodata - Fill nodata values in a raster dataset

Added in version 3.11.

SYNOPSIS

            Usage: gdal raster fill-nodata [OPTIONS] <INPUT> <OUTPUT>

            Fill nodata raster regions by interpolation from edges.

            Positional arguments:
              -i, --input <INPUT>                                  Input raster datasets [required] [not available in pipelines]
              -o, --output <OUTPUT>                                Output raster dataset [required] [not available in pipelines]

            Common Options:
              -h, --help                                           Display help message and exit
              --json-usage                                         Display usage as JSON document and exit
              --config <KEY>=<VALUE>                               Configuration option [may be repeated]
              -q, --quiet                                          Quiet mode (no progress bar or warning message) [not available in pipelines]

            Options:
              -f, --of, --format, --output-format <OUTPUT-FORMAT>  Output format ("GDALG" allowed) [not available in pipelines]
              --co, --creation-option <KEY>=<VALUE>                Creation option [may be repeated] [not available in pipelines]
              --overwrite                                          Whether overwriting existing output dataset is allowed [not available in pipelines]
                                                                   Mutually exclusive with --append
              --append                                             Append as a subdataset to existing output [not available in pipelines]
                                                                   Mutually exclusive with --overwrite
              -b, --band <BAND>                                    Input band (1-based index) (default: 1)
              -d, --max-distance <MAX_DISTANCE>                    The maximum distance (in pixels) that the algorithm will search out for values to interpolate. (default: 100)
              -s, --smoothing-iterations <SMOOTHING_ITERATIONS>    The number of 3x3 average filter smoothing iterations to run after the interpolation to dampen artifacts. The default is zero smoothing iterations. (default: 0)
              --mask <MASK>                                        Use the first band of the specified file as a validity mask (zero is invalid, non-zero is valid).
              --strategy <STRATEGY>                                By default, pixels are interpolated using an inverse distance weighting (invdist). It is also possible to choose a nearest neighbour (nearest) strategy.. STRATEGY=invdist|nearest (default: invdist)

            Advanced Options:
              --if, --input-format <INPUT-FORMAT>                  Input formats [may be repeated] [not available in pipelines]
              --oo, --open-option <KEY>=<VALUE>                    Open options [may be repeated] [not available in pipelines]

DESCRIPTION

gdal raster fill-nodata fills nodata areas by interpolating from valid pixels around the edges of the area.

This subcommand is also available as a potential step of gdal raster pipeline (since GDAL 3.12)

Added in version 3.12.

GDALG OUTPUT (ON-THE-FLY / STREAMED DATASET)

This program supports serializing the command line as a JSON file using the GDALG output format. The resulting file can then be opened as a raster dataset using the GDALG: GDAL Streamed Algorithm driver, and apply the specified pipeline in a on-the-fly / streamed way.

NOTE:
        However this algorithm is not natively streaming compatible. Consequently a temporary dataset will be generated, which may cause significant processing time at opening.

PROGRAM-SPECIFIC OPTIONS

    -b, --band <BAND>
        Select an input <BAND> to be processed. Bands are numbered from 1. Default is the first band of the input dataset.

    --mask <MASK>
        Use the first band of the specified file as a validity mask (zero is invalid, non-zero is valid).

    --max-distance <MAX_DISTANCE>
        Specifies the maximum distance (in pixels) that the algorithm will search out for values to interpolate. Default is 100 pixels.

    --smoothing-iterations <SMOOTHING_ITERATIONS>
        Specifies the number of smoothing iterations to apply to the filled raster. This can help to reduce artifacts in the filled areas. Default is 0 iterations.

    --strategy <STRATEGY>
        Select the interpolation <STRATEGY> to use. By default, pixels are interpolated using an inverse distance weighting (invdist). It is also possible to choose a nearest neighbour (nearest) strategy.

STANDARD OPTIONS

    --append
        Append input raster as a new subdataset to an existing output file. Only works with drivers that support adding subdatasets such as GTiff -- GeoTIFF File Format and GPKG -- GeoPackage raster This also creates the output dataset if it does not exist yet.

    --co, --creation-option <NAME>=<VALUE>
        Many formats have one or more optional creation options that can be used to control particulars about the file created. For instance, the GeoTIFF driver supports creation options to control compression, and whether the file should be tiled.

        May be repeated.

        The creation options available vary by format driver, and some simple formats have no creation options at all. A list of options supported for a format can be listed with the --formats command line option but the documentation for the format is the definitive source of information on driver creation options. See Raster drivers format specific documentation for legal creation options for each format.

    --if, --input-format <format>
        Format/driver name to be attempted to open the input file(s). It is generally not necessary to specify it, but it can be used to skip automatic driver detection, when it fails to select the appropriate driver. This option can be repeated several times to specify several candidate drivers. Note that it does not force those drivers to open the dataset. In particular, some drivers have requirements on file extensions.

        May be repeated.

    --oo, --open-option <NAME>=<VALUE>
        Dataset open option (format specific).

        May be repeated.

    -f, --of, --format, --output-format <OUTPUT-FORMAT>
        Which output raster format to use. Allowed values may be given by gdal --formats | grep raster | grep rw | sort

    --overwrite
        Allow program to overwrite existing target file or dataset. Otherwise, by default, gdal errors out if the target file or dataset already exists.

RETURN STATUS CODE

The program returns status code 0 in case of success, and non-zero in case of error (non-blocking errors emitted as warnings are considered as a successful execution).

EXAMPLES

  Example 1: Fill nodata areas in a raster

The command specifies to use the second band of the input raster, 50 px max distance, 3 smoothing iterations and the nearest strategy for interpolation. The output will be saved in output.tif.

            gdal raster fill-nodata -b 2 --max-distance 50 --smoothing-iterations 3 \
                --strategy nearest --mask mask.tif \
                input.tif output.tif

AUTHOR
Alessandro Pasotti <elpaso@itopen.it>

COPYRIGHT
1998-2026